Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Nose

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nose.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Removal and recovery of cholesterol in thermofiltration.

Thermofiltration, a system of membrane plasmapheresis for LDL apheresis, was applied to the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients to assess its lipid lowering potential, clinical feasibility and post-treatment lipid recovery. Plasma separated by a membrane separator was warmed above physiologic temperature, filtered with a plasma filter and returned to the patient on-line without requiring supplemental plasma product infusion. One calculated plasma volume was treated. Treatment schedules were weekly, biweekly or monthly. Patients treated by thermofiltration in this study were diagnosed as type II hypercholesterolemia. Reductions and sievings of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were evaluated. In addition, post-treatment solute recovery was assessed. The reduction ratios of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 0.31 +/- 0.08 and 0.58 +/- 0.08, respectively (mean +/- S.D. of 7 patients). Sieving coefficients of the plasma filter for HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 0.62 +/- 0.12 and 0.03 +/- 0.02, respectively (mean +/- S.D. of 32 treatments). Cholesterol reduction fitted well to a single pool model. HDL cholesterol recovered significantly faster than LDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol recovery differed among individuals. For some patients total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were lowered by the biweekly treatment while for others the weekly treatment was required. Significant removal of LDL cholesterol with sparing of HDL cholesterol was achieved without the requirement for plasma products.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prediction of the prognosis of liver cirrhosis in Japanese using Cox's proportional hazard model.

Data on 155 patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed, using Cox's proportional hazard model. Twenty variables were screened, using a multiple linear regression analysis in a stepwise manner and 6 were considered to reflect the prognosis of cirrhotics. Three of the 6 variables were significantly prognostic, i.e. ascites, atrophy of the right lobe of the liver seen on liver scintigram and the concentration of serum albumin. The prognostic index (PI) for each patient was calculated by adding all the products of scores of these three variables with the corresponding coefficient: PI = 0.895 X ascites (absent = 0, present = 1) + 0.983 X atrophy of right lobe of the liver on the liver scintigram (absent = 0, present = 1) + (-0.561) X serum albumin (g/dl). According to the PI, the subjects were separated into three groups; group 1: PI less than -1.9, group 2: -1.9 less than or equal to PI less than -0.6, group 3: PI greater than or equal to -0.6. The global 5- and 10-year survival rates of each group were 80% and 65% in group 1, 50% and 30% in group 2 and 12% and 0% in group 3, respectively. Four of the 14 deaths in group 1, 8 of 47 in groups 2 and 10 of 24 in group 3 were caused by hepatocellular carcinoma. Our observations suggest that advanced stage cases of cirrhosis are at a high risk concerning development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Clinical features of intractable epilepsy in Japanese children.

The clinical features of refractory epilepsy were studied in comparison between 135 patients in a refractory group and 103 in a controlled group. All the children were Japanese. The clinical features of the refractory group were the onset of epilepsy during the first year of life, absence of family history, retarded development before the onset, phakomatoses, daily or weekly seizures, secondarily generalized epilepsy, and marked EEG abnormalities at the initial visit, a change of types in epilepsy, no improvement in EEG findings, mental deterioration or severe retardation during the follow-up. The number of drugs was increased and relatively new drugs such as carbamazepine, valproic acid or clonazepam were frequently administered. The side effects, including gum hypertrophy, drowsiness, hypertrichosis, ataxia or increased serum-GTP, were more frequent in the refractory group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Clinical characteristics associated with myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death in patients with vasospastic angina.

A total of 349 patients with vasospastic angina were followed in eight centers in Japan for a period of 3.4 +/- 0.1 years (mean +/- SE). Ninety-eight percent of patients were treated with calcium blockers. Twenty-one episodes of myocardial infarction occurred in 18 patients (5%), including two fatal myocardial infarctions. The rate of myocardial infarction was higher (p less than .01) in patients with a fixed stenosis of 90% or greater than in patients with a fixed stenosis of less than 90% or normal coronary arteries. Myocardial infarctions occurred predominantly during hospital stays or at a time when the frequency of vasospastic angina increased. There were five sudden deaths (2%). Only one patient suffering sudden death had a fixed stenosis of 75% or greater. Serious arrhythmias were noted in 49 patients (14%). The risk of arrhythmias did not depend on the presence of a fixed stenosis of 75% or greater. These results suggest that cardiac events are rather infrequent in Japanese patients with vasospastic angina who are receiving treatment with calcium blockers and that the presence of a severe fixed stenosis markedly increases the risk of myocardial infarction but not the risk of arrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Artificial reflex arc: a potential solution for chronic aspiration. I. Neck skin stimulation triggering strap muscle contraction in the canine.

Aspiration can occur when the reflex of deglutition occurring in the brain stem is impaired. Surgical procedures involving the airway have so far failed to provide a long-term solution to this problem. Because the sphincteric properties of the larynx could be used to help separate the air from the food passages on a dynamic basis, we present the concept of an artificial reflex are (ARA) in the canine. The afferent limb of this system consists in a cervical cutaneous sensory surface containing the specific biologic sensors for pressure and stretch, subtended by a corresponding sensory nerve, destined to be eventually implanted into the pharynx. The efferent limb picks up the information resulting from the sensor's distention via a frequency modulator and an amplifier, prior to transmitting it to the recurrent laryngeal nerves through monopolar electrodes, resulting in synchronous glottic closure. In order to test this new concept as a pilot study, this principle was applied in three dogs by using an island of cervical skin tubed on itself and the contralateral strap muscles as effector. Inflation of a Foley catheter introduced into the lumen of this tube resulted in synchronous strap muscle contraction, following corresponding increase in the firing frequency in the subtended sensory nerve. The data obtained in this series of experiments should permit further application at the laryngeal level.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Verification of Fourier phase and amplitude values from simulated heart motion using a hydrodynamic cardiac model.

Using pusher-plate-type artificial hearts, changes in the degree of synchrony and stroke volume were compared to phase and amplitude calculations from the first Fourier component of individual-pixel time-activity curves generated from gated radionuclide images (RNA) of these hearts. In addition, the ability of Fourier analysis to quantify paradoxical volume shifts was tested using a ventricular aneurysm model by which the Fourier amplitude was correlated to known increments of paradoxical volume. Predetermined phase-angle differences (incremental increases in asynchrony) and the mean phase-angle difference calculated from RNAs showed an agreement of -7 degrees +/- 4.4 degrees (mean +/- SD). A strong correlation was noted between stroke volume and Fourier amplitude (r = 0.98; P less than 0.0001) as well as between the paradoxical volume accepted by the 'aneurysm' and the Fourier amplitude (r = 0.97; P less than 0.0001). The degree of asynchrony and changes in stroke volume were accurately reflected by the Fourier phase and amplitude values, respectively. In the specific case of ventricular aneurysms, the data demonstrate that using this method, the paradoxically moving areas may be localized, and the expansile volume within these regions can be quantified.

Fourier Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Laryngeal pacemaker. Part I. Electronic pacing of reinnervated strap muscles in the dog.

The best approach to management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis, with its resultant airway compromise, has not yet been universally agreed upon. Recently proposed methods have included direct stimulation of the laryngeal dilators by the modulation of rhythmic information from the chest wall, diaphragm, phrenic nerve, or accessory muscles of respiration. In such an approach, the information obtained is not necessarily related to inspiration only, and direct implantation of a stimulating electrode into the laryngeal musculature may not be fully efficient and tolerated over time. To obviate such difficulties, the authors propose to broaden the concept of electrical pacing by (1) developing a better source for the triggering of electrical activity during inspiration and (2) devising a reliable means of long-term physiologic stimulation of denervated striated muscle not subject to deterioration over time. Such an experimental unit was constructed in the canine. It is based on afferent information that originates from the mechanical lengthening of the trachea during inspiration and is detected through a linear strain gauge sutured to the tracheal rings. The signal obtained is modulated through an impedance detector and is amplified. An efferent limb consisting of a monopolar cuffed electrode placed around a crossover nerve-muscle pedicle from one sternohyoid muscle to the other was used successfully. Such a preliminary experiment with a strap muscle avoids the extraneous factors related to function of the paralyzed larynx. Successful nerve-muscle pedicle pacing, synchronous with respiration, was verified through electromyographic recordings and direct observation in all animals studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Protective effect of prostaglandin I2 on hepatic mitochondrial function of the preserved rat liver.

Mitochondrial function of the liver is one of the limiting factors in liver preservation. Nowadays, prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is used as a cytoprotective agent in liver preservation without full understanding its mechanism involved. It is the objective of the present study to evaluate the protective effect of PGI2 on mitochondrial function of the rat liver during hypothermic preservation. Collins' solution was used as a preservation solution and PGI2 was added to it in some experimental groups. Both ischemic and non-ischemic livers were perfused with the preservation solution and preserved under simple hypothermia for 8 hr. Parameters of the mitochondrial function such as respiratory control, oxygen consumption rate in state 3 respiration, ADP/O ratio and the rate of ATP synthesis were decreased significantly after 8 hr hypothermic preservation, even if ischemic injury was not induced prior to preservation. ADP/O ratio, which represents the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, was improved significantly (p less than 0.01) when PGI2 was used as a cytoprotective agent. The rate of ATP synthesis, a parameter of energy producing reaction, showed a tendency to be increased by PGI2, but was not significant. It was concluded that hypothermic preservation of the rat liver is associated with the deterioration of the mitochondrial function and PGI2 has a favorable effect on the impaired ADP/O ratio of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Blood detoxification by membrane plasma filtration.

The recognition of macromolecule abnormalities in various metabolic or immunologic related disease states has led to the use of plasma exchange for therapeutics. Limitations of plasma exchange, however, exist. Membrane plasma filtration provides a practical alternative. Solute removal can be made selective by the choice of operating conditions as temperature and the selection of the membrane/module design. The optimal temperature range is a function of the plasma type, solute concentrations and membrane system. Operation at below physiologic temperature (cryofiltration) is particularly suited for the removal of cold aggregative solutes, while operation at near or above physiologic temperature is more suited for the separation of solutes having large size differences at normal physiologic temperature. Membrane filtration is simple and safe to perform, is more selective than plasma exchange, does not require plasma product infusion and is more versatile than selective sorption in its applications.

Blood↗
PubMed1985

A method for volume estimation by two-dimensional echocardiography: examination with excised animal left ventricles.

Applicability of a newly developed volume estimation method was examined with excised left ventricles of pigs and dogs. Serial oblique-sectional images of a left ventricle were recorded with a two-dimensional echocardiograph. The probe of the echocardiograph was fixed at one point and was tilted stepwise. Contours of the left ventricle in the images were traced to put into a computer and volume was calculated. Calculated volume of 19 left ventricles agreed well with true volume in wide range (r = 0.982 for left ventricular myocardium and r = 0.989 for left ventricular cavity).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A new HLA-DP (SB) specificity (Cp63) defined in Japanese and Caucasian cell populations by cloned PLT cells.

Cp61, Cp62, and Cp63 are HLA-DP (SB) specificities detected by PLT testing using cloned PLT cells derived from Japanese cell donors. It was confirmed, using Japanese and Caucasian cell panels, that Cp61 is identical to DPw5 and Cp62 is identical to DPw4. Cp63, however, was found not to correlate with any known HLA-DP specificities. The gene frequency of Cp63 was found to be 3.6% in Japanese (N = 42) and 1.9% in Caucasian (N = 52) cell panels of limited size. No triplet assignment of DPw specificity including Cp63 was found in the Japanese and Caucasian cell populations. The relationship between the Cp63 and the HLA antigens demonstrated no significant correlation with HLA-A,B,C,DR, or MT antigens in this study. Linkage between Cp63 and HLA was confirmed from family segregation studies. This is the first report of a new DP specificity termed Cp63.

Asian People↗
PubMed1985

In vivo hemodynamics of prosthetic St. Jude Medical and Ionescu-Shiley heart valves analyzed by computer.

Using a method of our own design, we evaluated intraoperatively the function of prosthetic heart valves. The changing hemodynamics induced by a stress test were assessed by simultaneously measuring the mean transvalvular pressure gradient and the stroke volume. The effective orifice area (EOA) of the valves was determined for each stroke by computer analysis, and this value was compared with the actual orifice area. Data were collected from 19 patients undergoing aortic or mitral valve replacement or both with 17 St. Jude Medical and 12 Ionescu-Shiley valves. The mean pressure gradient increased with tachycardia and an increase in mean left atrial pressure in the mitral position, but decreased with a decrease in cardiac output and peak left ventricular pressure in the aortic position. The St. Jude Medical valve had a smaller mean pressure gradient than the Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis. For both valves, the EOA increased with valve size. The St. Jude Medical valve had a greater EOA than the Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis, regardless of the valve size (p less than 0.005). However, the performance of prosthetic leaflets was better with the Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis than with the St. Jude Medical mechanical valve (p less than 0.001). This method involving computer analysis of each cardiac cycle proved to be useful for evaluating prosthetic heart valve function in the presence of changing hemodynamics.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between sibship size and neurotic symptoms of anxiety, hypochondriasis and depression in Japanese neurotic children and adolescents.

Two hundred and sixty-eight Japanese aged 19 or below were studied retrospectively from their medical records to determine the relationship between the sibship size (number of siblings in the family) and the appearance of symptoms of anxiety, hypochondriasis and depression during the time period I (1955 + 1960 + 1965) and the time period II (1970 + 1975 + 1978). The results showed that only sons and either sex of a large sibship size (4 or more) possessed these three symptoms to a larger extent than only daughters and either sex of a medium sibship size (2 or 3) during both time periods. These three adult-type neurotic symptoms were thought to be manifested among the children and adolescents who communicated primarily with adults and/or those who were required by their parents to exhibit adult-type behavior whether in traditional or in modern Japanese families.

Adolescent↗