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Biomedical subjects

Y Nose

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nose.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Electronic control of laryngeal spasm. I. Blockage of orthodromically induced action potentials in intact canine recurrent laryngeal nerves.

Spastic dysphonia is a central nervous system phenomenon of unknown etiology characterized by uncoordinated voice tremor with erratic patterns of laryngeal contraction. Standard treatments have not been entirely satisfactory. The authors propose to apply a concept of selective nerve activity blockage, which leaves normal contractions undisturbed, as the basis for suppression of laryngeal spasticity. Single pulses of constant duration and increasing amplitude were injected into specially designed blocking electrodes placed around six recurrent laryngeal nerves (three dogs). Vocal cord adduction was reduced or arrested within given "windows" of stimulation levels of the blocking electrodes, while it increased with higher amplitudes when the current was injected via standard bipolar electrodes (controls). Although this study demonstrates the feasibility of blocking action potentials passing along recurrent laryngeal nerves, it might eventually allow control of laryngeal spasm from information taken directly from the affected musculature.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Risk of gastric cancer in patients with non-surgically treated peptic ulcer.

We followed up 2072 patients with unoperated gastric and duodenal ulcer, diagnosed from 1963 to 1975, and evaluated the risk of development of gastric cancer. During the follow-up period of 9-23 years 38 patients had a gastric cancer or died of gastric cancer. The number of gastric cancers in patients with duodenal ulcer (observed/expected = 3:12) was statistically low (p less than 0.01) compared with the number expected from the sex- and age-matched general population. On the other hand, the number of patients with gastric ulcer and the number of those with both gastric and duodenal ulcers was 29 and 6, neither of which differed significantly from the expected occurrence. These results suggest that in peptic ulcer patients the risk of developing gastric cancer is equal to or low compared with that of the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Development of an automatic medical summary report system.

We developed a medical summary report system. In this system, each department can specify the predetermined conditions for issuing the summary report. The summary is made through a hierarchical database in the integrated hospital information system according to the predetermined conditions. The summary automatically issued after reception of the outpatient, or also issued by on-line summary report program with the patient number if requested by doctors. The report is sent to the proper consulting room from the reception desk using an air-shooter. The report contains the patient information such as a patient name, age, sex, birthday, a clinic name, a chart number, a patient number, diagnoses and examinations. The doctors can refer to the points of the clinical history of the patient in his own and other departments, and make a correct diagnoses and avoid the overlaps of the examinations and medications. This system has contributed to the quality-up of the patient care by availability of patient information even in other departments without the medical chart.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

A disposable patient identification card made of a paper.

This paper describes a patient identification system with a disposable paper card. In general, total costs of cards themselves, equipments and personnel are remarkable, not negligible for the hospital management. Therefore, a disposable identification cards made of a paper were issued to out-patients in our hospital. Many order forms were integrated into only one sheet. Patient identification data were printed on this sheet by a computer system when a patient came to the reception desk, and quickly transmitted to physicians. We could save the hospital costs and printing works by physicians, and also shorten the waiting time of patients at reception desks.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

[Electrostimulation of ileum and jejunum reservoirs in an acute and chronic experiment].

Voluntary control of the motility of intestinal reservoirs may be used to improve evacuation and continence. In 4 dogs a U-shaped jejunum pouch and in another 4 an ileum pouch was constructed and instrumented with stimulating and EMG electrodes and pressure lines. In the acute experiments jejunum pouch stimulation with 200 microseconds 1.67 kHz 30 mA increased the intrapouch pressure by 38 +/- 4 mm Hg (n = 6) and 500 microseconds 910 Hz 25 mA by 60 +/- 5 mm Hg (n = 3). The pressure increase in the awake animals was consistently lower (200 microseconds 4 +/- 6 mm Hg, n = 9; 500 microseconds 25 +/- 17, n = 11). The ileum pouch responded with a 37 +/- 10 mm Hg pressure increase (n = 9) to 50 ms 6 Hz 20 mA pulse trains. Ileum pouches could not be stimulated in the awake animal due to contraction of the abdominal wall. Electrostimulation may be used to contract and evacuate intestinal reservoirs but additional drug therapy or autonomic nerve stimulation will be necessary to lower the thresholds especially for ileum stimulation in the awake animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Developmental retardation in children with refractory epilepsy.

It is controversial whether developmental retardation occurs in children with epilepsy and what causes the retardation if it occurs. The present study aims to reveal the factors associated with the retardation. The patients were 126 children who had been developmentally normal before the onset of epilepsy and had been followed for more than five years. Forty-eight of the 126 children showed mental retardation, and the remaining 78 had normal mental development at the follow-up. Developmental retardation was observed in children with onset before one year, known etiology, diffuse slow spike-wave or hypsarrhythmia on EEG, ingestion of six or more drugs and high blood levels of phenobarbital or phenytoin. Late onset of epilepsy, idiopathic or familial etiology, ingestion of five drugs or less and low blood level of phenobarbital or phenytoin were associated with normal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Radionuclide assessment of the natural heart ejection fraction before and after LVAD implantation.

Complete pressure unloading of the ventricles can preserve ischemically damaged myocardium. Most clinical left heart assist device (LVAD) systems used after ischemic injury of the heart apply atrial cannulation which does not ensure pressure unloading. In order to assess the effect of the implantation of an intracorporeal LVAD on the function of the natural heart, we determined the ejection fraction (EF) in four male Holstein calves (90-105 kg) before and after insertion of a Cleveland Clinic pneumatic LVAD. A gated blood pool scan was obtained with a gamma camera after injection of 40 mCi Tc-labelled albumin. The animals were restrained in a sling to avoid movement artifacts. All animals showed a drop of 65 +/- 12% to 42 +/- 14% EF in the first postoperative (p.o.) week. Left ventricular output did not maintain sufficient blood pressure as assessed by pump-off tests. Systolic blood pressure dropped from 122 +/- 6.5 mm Hg to 81 +/- 6 mm Hg without pump support on the morning of the first p.o. day. Apical coring and possible restrained heart movement by the implanted LVAD may lead to impaired myocardial function that renders the individual LVAD dependent until adaptative corrections take place.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical use of the artificial heart, indications and results].

Clinical experience with the artificial heart now comprises 520 cases. 390 patients had to be supported mechanically when they could not be weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass. 177 (45%) subsequently had their assist devices removed and 100 (25.4%) were discharged. Good functional results were achieved, since 30 of 36 long-term survivors are in NYHA class I or II. 140 underwent two-stage cardiac transplantation. Of 63 patients implanted with a ventricular assist device (VAD) 71% were transplanted and 51% survived. A total artificial heart (TAH) was used in 77 cases, 81% were transplanted and 47% survived. Five patients received TAH implantations as a permanent replacement of the failing heart. Though the clinical courses were complicated by strokes and infections and the patients were tethered to bulky drive units, it was proven that the TAH may sustain human life for up to 622 days, much longer than so far achieved in animal experiments. Improvements of the atrial connectors and valve holding components and of the biocompatibility of the blood contacting surfaces should overcome the complication of thromboembolism. Fully implantable devices which are currently being developed will avoid the problem of drive-line infections and provide fuller mobility to the patient.

Assisted Circulation↗
PubMed1988

Voluntary control of an ileal pouch by coordinated electrical stimulation. A pilot study in the dog.

Ileal reservoirs were constructed in four dogs under general anesthesia and stimulated by means of a constant current generator that produced pulse trains at frequencies between 6 Hz and 1.67 kHz. Stimulation at 6 Hz with 50 ms pulses between amplitudes of 15 and 25 mA uniformly produced pouch contraction and reservoir emptying. Stimulation at other frequencies did not cause pouch emptying although pressure increases were sometimes observed. Such electrical stimulation may be useful for voluntary control of intestinal reservoirs when used as replacement for urinary bladder or colon. The mechanism by which the intestinal contraction is produced appears to be different than that produced by slow wave pacing.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Random exercise stress test in diagnosing effort angina.

To improve the performance of exercise stress testing in the diagnosis of effort angina while minimizing risks of serious complications, we evaluated an impulse response of ST changes, which is a transient ST response resulting from a hypothetical, strenuous-impulselike exercise, without actually imposing the strenuous load. To obtain the impulse response, subjects walked intermittently according to a computer-generated random binary sequence on a treadmill for 20 minutes (with a constant speed of 1.7 mph and a slope of 10%). We used Fourier transform for beat-to-beat changes in ST level and the binary sequence of exercise. We then determined the transfer function by taking the ratio of Fourier transformed ST level to exercise over the frequency range of 0.5 through 5.0 cycles/min. Converting the transfer function to the time domain yielded the impulse response of ST change. The subjects consisted of 49 patients (60 +/- 9 years) with effort angina, 13 patients with atypical chest pain (56 +/- 9 years), and 30 healthy, male volunteers (23 +/- 7 years). In 82 subjects (89%), the ST impulse response showed an initial depression followed by a smooth, gradual restoration toward the preexercise ST level (type I response). The average duration of the initial depression was 8 +/- 3 seconds in the healthy volunteers, whereas it was significantly prolonged to 23 +/- 14 seconds in effort angina (p less than 0.05). The depression in patients with atypical chest pain was not significantly different from that in the healthy volunteers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Artificial reflex arc: a potential solution for chronic aspiration. II. A canine study based on a laryngeal prosthesis.

Long-term and repeated aspiration can result in pneumonia and eventually death. To avoid current techniques which divert or close off the incompetent larynx, the authors have recently described an artificial reflex arc (ARA), in hopes of providing a dynamic solution to this problem. With this concept, a segment of skin surface with intact sensory innervation is implanted into the pharynx in the path of the food bolus. Resulting neural impulses would be detected by a perineural electrode and then channeled to both recurrent laryngeal nerves via an electronic pacemaker to cause vocal fold adduction at the critical time during swallowing. A pilot study using a tubed cervical cutaneous surface has yielded promising results in the canine. In this current study, an alternate means for information pickup based upon use of a miniature strain gage is presented. Mechanical stimulation of the hypopharynx using this "sensory" detector resulted in synchronous laryngeal adduction of the vocal folds, as documented graphically and on videotape.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cancer registration using case history database in hospital information system.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for hospital cancer registration, although being effective for combating the disease, need heavy manpower for complete implementation. A computer-based method for cancer registration is in use at Kyushu University Hospital as part of the integrated hospital information system. This method needs no manpower for data gathering, and the database includes almost all the core data and half of optional data recommended for cancer registration by the WHO. This database can, therefore, be regarded as a file for hospital cancer registration, and is used for two applications. The prepared form is automatically completed for the regional cancer register by a computer program without involving any physicians' time. In addition, a decision support system for the protocol used for a patient with a cancer was developed. Trendtables and graphs of clinical examination and medication are displayed, with suggestions and warning for physicians to help them make clinical decisions.

Clinical Protocols↗