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Biomedical subjects

Y Nose

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nose.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A simple client-server system using a personal computer as the server.

Hospital information systems have recently grown into huge, complex systems. As a result, the cost of development and maintenance of application programs has increased and become a serious problem. We have constructed an order entry system using server-client architecture as part of a hospital intranet information system in which a personal computer is used as a server. Using a commercial database management system and software development tools, an easily maintained order entry system was developed within only three months by one programmer. Since slow response when the number of clients increased was possible, we measured turn-around times when one or ten clients accessed simultaneously. Turn-around times were 8 and 10 sec, respectively. Because we expect much better performance from personal computers in the near future, application systems using personal computers as Intranet servers will be cost and time effective and easy to develop and maintain.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

Advantages of low output mobile communication systems in hospitals.

Mobile telephone systems using radio waves with very low power outputs rarely interfere with electronic medical equipment, which allows them to be safely installed in hospitals. The Personal Handy-phone System, PHS, which was developed and is widely used in Japan, is one such system. It has many useful functions including voice communication, string message transfer, e-mail, an answering system limited to selected persons or groups, paging, automatic call transfer, and handset positioning. In this paper we discuss the benefits of these functions confer to hospital communication systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

On the MICA deleted-MICB null, HLA-B*4801 haplotype.

A 100-kb deletion including the MICA gene was recently reported in the HLA-B48 (B*4801)-associated haplotype in Japanese. Interestingly, this MICA deletion is accompanied by a MICB null allele, MICB0107N. In order to further investigate the universality of the apparent tight linkage between these two events, we present data on high-resolution deletion mapping of eight HLA-B48-homozygous individuals. Among these, five carried the MICA deletion linked to MICB0107N, as originally reported. Conversely, the remaining three possessed an intact MICA gene of MICA008 or MICA010 allelic variant associated this time with a putative expressed MICB allele, MICB0102. These results may imply that the expression of both MICA and MICB molecules is indispensable to viability through a yet-to-be understood mutual interaction in immune surveillance.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

[Changes in the shape of choanal openings and airflow rates during development].

The shape of the choanal openings were examined in 173 babies aged zero to six months using digital video fiberscope inserted via nose. A numerical analysis and the fluid mechanics were then calculated for each recorded choanal opening. The choanal openings in one month old babies were a flat oval shape. Vertical development was faster than that of horizontal development, and the choanal openings changed from a flat oval to a round and finally a vertical oval shapes as the babies aged from two to four months. Both the air resistance and airflow ratio in the choanae can be calculated by Navier-Stoke's equation, if the choanae are assumed to be an oval tube. Using this equation, it was calculated that the air resistance ratio was one to five and the airflow ratio increased five times from neonates to six month old babies.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Interim report on JFMTC Study no. 21 on the effectiveness of UFT as an adjuvant therapy for semi-advanced cancer of the stomach].

This interim report, for findings as of May, 1998, covers data on 435 gastrectomized patients with semi-advanced stomach cancer collected from 144 institutions between November, 1993 and March, 1996. The active arm of the study involved CDDP i.p. administration of 70 mg/m2 at the time of resective surgery, followed by UFT oral administration for one year at 3-4 capsules daily. A randomized control involved no adjuvant therapy after CDDP i.p. administered as in the active arm. The results obtained indicated no significant difference between the groups in terms of 3 year survival or disease free survival rates. Reports appearing elsewhere have suggested that 3-4 capsules/day of UFT may be insufficient to reach the threshold of the effective tissue level, and that 6 capsules may be necessary to obtain the expected results. (JFMTC: Japanese Foundation of Multidisciplinary Treatment for Cancer).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2000

[Interim report of JFMTC study no. 20 on the effectiveness of high dose CDDP plus 5-FU regimen as an adjuvant therapy for far-advanced cancer of the stomach].

This interim analysis of the JFMTC study as of May, 1998 covers 321 gastrectomized patients with far-advanced stomach cancer from 135 institutions between November, 1993 and March, 1996. The intensive therapy group (I-group) received CDDP i.p. administration on resective surgery with 70 mg/m2 followed by CDDP i.v. of 80 mg/m2 (day 1, i.v.), accompanying 5-FU of 350 mg/m2/day (day 1-5, c.v.i.) in the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. The I-group was randomly compared with the standard therapy group (S-group) of MMC of 6 mg/m2 i.v. in the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks and UFT of 3-4 capsules daily for postoperative one year. The results obtained were that 1. adverse reactions were found more in the I-group than in the S-group, particularly notable in the decrease in blood cells, loss of appetite and nausea/vomiting, and incidence of grade 3 or more being 13% (neutrophile leukocytes), 26% and 21%, respectively; 2. there was no significant difference between I- and S-groups in terms of 3-year survival or disease-free survival rates. (JFMTC: Japanese Foundation of Multidisciplinary Treatment for Cancer).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2000

Control system for an implantable rotary blood pump.

Rotary blood pumps can be used for long-term left ventricular assist devices. These pumps have several advantages over the conventional pulsatile pumps including smaller size, higher efficiency, and simple design and construction. However, one of the difficulties associated with the rotary blood pump is the proper control method to maintain an optimum flow rate in different physiological conditions. The rotary blood pump can be controlled by two methods. The first is to utilize the measured pump flow rate from its servo signal. The second is to detect and avoid abnormal pumping conditions such as; back flow and sudden increase in the pressure head. This abnormal situation typically occurs from excessive suction of blood when there is a functional or mechanical occlusion in the inflow cannula. The ultrasound flow meter is durable and reliable but it is difficult to continually monitor the blood flow rate of an implantable pump. Therefore, another method is needed instead of the continuous flow monitoring. One chronic calf having an LVAD was subjected for the development of this control system. This calf survived more than 6 months. Voltage, current, motor speed, heart rate and the pump flow rate were recorded and stored at 30-min intervals in a computer. Utilizing these parameters, attempts were made (1) to achieve indirect flow assessments and (2) to reveal abnormal operating parameters of the centrifugal pump (1). Indirect flow measurement, the predicted pump flow rate was calculated from these pump derived parameters (required power, motor speed and heart rate). The value of the coefficient of determination (R) between the measured and estimated pump flow rate was 0.796. (2) Abnormal operating indicator, there was an association between the required current and pump flow waves. The current was differentiated, and then calculated to the power of the differentiated current. The normal range of this value was 0.02+/-0.54. In abnormal conditions, this abnormal operating indicator increased 500 times. The predicted flow estimation method and abnormal operating indicator were available from intrinsic operating parameters of the pump and need no sensors. These two methods were simple, yet they are possibly effective and reliable servo control methods for a rotary blood pump.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A keyword search system for medical doctors to introduce their patients to specialists.

We developed an online keyword search system on a WWW server to help medical doctors to introduce their patients to specialists. The system stores special knowledge and advanced techniques of 287 medical specialists in Kyushu University Hospital. The data set was presented by the medical specialists themselves. Specialists can rewrite their data set using the browser anytime to keep their data set up to date. In addition, the specialists are reminded to keep their data set up to date by direct mail once a year. The system does not use any database management systems. We used only two text files and the "grep" command, one of the basic commands of the UNIX system. Then, it takes less than 1 sec to search one medical specialist's data set from 200 specialists' data sets. The system is useful not only inside the hospital but also for practitioners in the local area.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Limited polymorphism in the HLA-DOA gene.

The HLA-DO molecule, a heterodimer consisting of two novel members of the class II gene family, DOA and DOB, has recently been suggested to function as an important modulator in the HLA class II restricted antigen presentation pathway by interaction with the HLA-DM molecule. In this study, we have analyzed genetic polymorphism and allelic variation of the HLA-DOA gene in 37 HLA class II homozygous typing cells using the direct DNA sequencing technique. As a result, we recognized at least eight allelic variations, DOA*01011, *0101201, *0101202, *0101203, *01013, *0101401, *0101402 and *01015. None of them, however, result in amino acid substitution. The HLA-DOA gene has been identified in other mammals as well, and the nucleotide sequences were well conserved among these species. These results suggest that the DOA molecule has undergone strong selective pressure to preserve functional structure and conformation required for interaction with the DM molecule, preventing non-synonymous amino acid substitution.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

Sequencing based typing for genetic polymorphisms in exons, 2, 3 and 4 of the MICA gene.

We have established a sequencing based typing (SBT) method for detection of genetic polymorphism in the exon 2 to 4 domains of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA) and applied it to allele typing of 130 healthy Japanese individuals. A 2.2-kb segment including exons 2, 3 and 4 of the MICA gene was amplified by a pair of generic primers followed by cycle sequencing using exon-specific nested primers. In total, 8 alleles were observed in a Japanese population and the most frequent allele was MICA008 with the gene frequency of 30.8%. MICA009 was the second most frequent (16.5%), while the rarest one was MICA007 (1.2%). MICA alleles displayed strong linkage equilibria with HLA-B antigens (i.e. MICA008 with B7, B48, B60 and B61; MICA009 with B51 and B52; MICA002 with B35, B39, B58 and B67; MICA004 with B44, MICA007 with B13 and B27; MICA010 with B46, B62 and B48, MICA012 with B54, B55, B56 and B59; MICA019 and B70, B71 and B62). Recently, the B48 haplotype has been reported to lack the entire MICA gene by a large-scale deletion in a Japanese population. Among 8 serologically B48 homozygous individuals, 4 were found to represent this MICA null allele as assessed by no polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using MICA-specific primers, while the remaining four possessed the intact MICA gene with MICA008 or MICA010.

Asian People↗
PubMed1999

Factors affecting maternal anxiety about child rearing in Japanese mothers.

In order to determine the factors causing anxiety in raising young children, data were collected from questionnaires completed by 1164 mothers of 3-y-old children at a standardized baby check-up. Factors concerning demographic characteristics, delivery and child rearing practice were used in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that mothers rearing first children and toddlers who were susceptible to common illnesses were likely to worry. Improvements in the child rearing environment are needed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1999

Anti-granulocyte antibody screening with extracted granulocyte antigens by a micro-mixed passive hemagglutination method.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Serologic tests for granulocyte antibodies, i.e., the granulocyte agglutination test and the granulocyte immunofluorescence test, require panels of typed granulocytes that cannot be preserved for more than a few hours. We have developed a new method in which granulocyte antigens, extracted into saline containing 3% sucrose, are coated onto U-type Terasaki plates. With this new method, we evaluated the micro-mixed passive hemagglutination test (EG-MPHA) for screening for granulocyte antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested the ability of the EG-MPHA to detect granulocyte antigens using 5 human antibodies specific for NA1, NA2, NB1, 5b, and Sar(a), and 8 different monoclonal antibodies for NA1, CD11a, CD11b, CD13, CD16, CD18 and HLA class I. Sera from 94 alloimmunized patients were screened by the chloroquine-treated EG-MPHA method. RESULTS: NA1, NA2, NB1, 5b, Sar(a), CD11a, CD11b, CD13, CD16, CD18 and HLA class I antigens were present in the extracted granulocyte antigen preparation. CD11b and HLA class I antigens were removed when the extracted granulocyte antigens were treated with chloroquine. Granulocyte antibody screening of sera from alloimmunized patients showed that approximately 30% of the anti-HLA-positive and 10% of the anti-HLA-negative sera were positive for granulocyte antibody by the chloroquine-treated EG-MPHA. The extracted granulocyte antigen panels could be stored frozen for at least 1 year at -80 degrees C. CONCLUSION: This new method is preferable for screening for granulocyte antibodies. In addition, it has the advantage of requiring only 5 microl of serum for each test.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1999

Human leukocyte antigen-A24 and -DQA1*0301 in Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: independent contributions to susceptibility to the disease and additive contributions to acceleration of beta-cell destruction.

The aim of this study is to identify insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)-susceptible HLA antigens in IDDM patients who do not have established risk allele, HLA-DQA1*0301, and analyze relationship of these HLA antigens and the degree of beta-cell destruction. In 139 Japanese IDDM patients and 158 normal controls, HLA-A, -C, -B, -DR and -DQ antigens were typed. Serum C-peptide immunoreactivity response (deltaCPR) to a 100-g oral glucose load < or = 0.033 nmol/l was regarded as complete beta-cell destruction. All 14 patients without HLA-DQA1*0301 had HLA-A24, whereas only 35 of 58 (60.3%) normal controls without HLA-DQA1*0301 and only 72 of 125 (57.6%) IDDM patients with HLA-DQA1*0301 had this antigen (Pc = 0.0256 and Pc = 0.0080, respectively). DeltaCPR in IDDM patients with both HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-A24 (0.097 +/- 0.163 nmol/L, mean +/- SD, n = 65) were lower than in IDDM patients with HLA-DQA1*0301 only (0.219 +/- 0.237 nmol/L, n = 45, P < 0.0001) and in IDDM patients with HLA-A24 only (0.187 +/- 0.198 nmol/L, n = 14, P = 0.0395). These results indicate that both HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-A24 contribute susceptibility to IDDM independently and accelerate beta-cell destruction in an additive manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

HLA-DQB1 locus and the development of atrophic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori is known to be involved in digestive diseases such as peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. It is supposed that the incidence of these digestive diseases associated with H. pylori is influenced by the strain diversity of H. pylori, factors involving the host or environment, and the duration of infection. In this study, we directed our attention to HLA, a host factor, and investigated the relation between HLA-DQB1 genotype of H. pylori-infected patients and the development of atrophic gastritis. HLA-DQB1 genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method on 122 H. pylori-infected patients with atrophic gastritis and 28 uninfected Japanese controls. Infected patients with developed atrophic gastritis were classified as the open type and those with undeveloped atrophic gastritis as the closed type. To estimate the grade of atrophic gastritis reliably, histological and serological evaluations were also undertaken. The allele frequency of DQB1*0401 was significantly higher in the open-type group compared to either the closed-type or the uninfected group. These results suggest that immunogenic factors play an important role in the development of atrophic gastritis in H. pylori-infected patients, and that DQB1*0401 is a useful marker for determining susceptibility to this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Risk factors for low birthweight in Japanese infants.

The purpose of our study was to identify risk factors for low birthweight (LBW; birthweight < 2500 g) in Japanese infants. The data was collected from questionnaires completed by the parents of 23132 infants who underwent a standardized well baby check-up for 1-month-old infants, conducted by the Fukuoka City Medical Association from 1987 to 1995. The following eight factors and their second-order interaction terms were examined as potential risk factors for LBW: maternal age at delivery, history of live-born LBW infant, history of abortion in previous pregnancies, maternal smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, prenatal training and live birth order. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the following three factors and one interaction term significantly contributed to LBW: history of live born LBW infant, maternal smoking, live birth order and the interaction between maternal smoking and live birth order. The smoker-related risk for LBW was quite different in each of the three groups stratified by live birth order. Efforts should be made, for example, to increase the accessibility of early, high-quality prenatal care for the high-risk groups with previous LBW babies and to implement smoking intervention, ranging from specific medical procedures to broad-scale public health and health-related educational programs in schools.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1998

Effect of tylosin tartrate (Tylan Soluble) on cellular immune responses in chickens.

Although many antimicrobial agents have been reported to cause immunosuppression in animals, macrolide antibiotics enhance immune function. Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic approved for the control of mycoplasmosis in poultry. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of tylosin on cellular immune functions in chickens. There was no significant difference in adherent splenocyte chemotaxis between tylosin-treated and untreated (control) chickens. Tylosin increased splenocyte proliferation and splenocyte conditioned medium (CM) proliferative activity above control levels. Removal of adherent splenocytes before preparation of CM caused a reduction in CM proliferative activity. Tylosin also increased antitumor activity of splenocytes. These data are the first to suggest that the macrolide antibiotic, tylosin tartrate, has a modulatory effect in chickens on the immune parameters studied.

Animals↗