Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Nose

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Clinical value of dilatation and curettage for abnormal uterine bleeding.

Dilatation and curettage was performed under anesthesia in outpatients in 1,837 patients aged over 26 with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding not associated with pregnancy or ovulation. Fifty-one (2.8%) patients were found to have malignant disease. Of these, 47 patients had endometrial carcinoma. An additional 111 (6.0%) patients were found to have endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of either malignant disease or endometrial hyperplasia was 9.7% in patients over the age of 40. Complications of this method were noted in 12 (0.7%) patients; only three patients needed to stay in hospital.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Natural history of endometrial hyperplasia. Study of 77 patients.

Seventy-seven patients with endometrial hyperplasia, 48 with simple hyperplasia without atypia (SH), 17 with complex hyperplasia without atypia (CH), one with simple hyperplasia with atypia (SHA), and 11 with complex hyperplasia with atypia (CHA) were prospectively followed-up by total curettage every 12 months for 3 years. Progression to carcinoma occurred in only one of the 77 patients; she showed grade 1 adenocarcinoma. The overall regression rates were 79% for SH, 100% for SHA, 94% for CH, and 55% for CHA, respectively. In patients with CHA whose disease reverted to normal endometrium, regression was most likely to occur within the first year.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

A simple computerized program for the calculation of the required sample size necessary to ensure statistical accuracy in medical experiments.

We developed a sample size estimation program (SSEP) with which medical researchers can easily estimate the appropriate sample size for a specific significance level and statistical power using their favorite WWW browsers. SSEP can estimate the sample sizes for six statistical methods by Monte-Carlo simulation: Student's t-test, Welch's t-test, Analysis of variance, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Cochran-Armitage test for linear trends. The SSEP simulation programs were created using the SAS software macro language. Medical researchers can interactively use this program and determine reliable sample sizes when planning new prospective clinical studies and animal experiments.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

Possible electromagnetic interference with electronic medical equipment by radio waves coming from outside the hospital.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) with electronic medical equipment by radio waves from mobile telephone handsets has been reported and is currently receiving wide attention. The possibility of EMI with electronic medical equipment by radio waves coming into the hospital has also been pointed out. But so far, there are no reports measuring the frequency distribution of electric field intensity induced by incoming radio waves. Therefore, we measured electric field intensity induced by radio waves coming into our 11-floor hospital, which was under construction. The maximum intensity observed was about 200 V/m at 2.79 GHz, from airport surveillance radar waves. The maximum intensity induced by radio waves from cellular phone base stations was 1.78 V/m. These data show that various frequencies of radio waves are common in this urban area, and that they induce strong electricfield intensity. This strong electric field intensity might cause EMI with electronic medical equipment. Measurement of the electromagnetic environment should be done by each hospital in urban areas to prevent EMI with electronic medical equipment.

Electric Power Supplies↗
PubMed2001

Merits of duplicate LAN cabling in hospitals.

Our hospital wired three LAN cables separately to improve the data distribution range. One LAN is between the various sections of the hospital (hospital LAN), another is within each section (section LAN), and the other is connected to the Internet (open LAN). The section LAN was connected to the hospital LAN to enable data exchange. Data from the section LAN for common use is collected through the hospital LAN and stored in the central server The duplicate cabling and separate LANs increased the independence of each LAN and the system within each section. The section systems can be changed at anytime without the necessity of reconstructing the whole hospital information system. The data transfer speed of each cable increased. Hospital information processing systems often use a distributed-processing centralized management system. Because of advances in technology, each section can now take responsibility for developing their own system, making the responsibility of the information processing section responsible for hospital information systems more limited than previously. Herein, we show the merits of separate cable installation.

Centralized Hospital Services↗
PubMed2001

Relationships among bone mineral densities, static alignment and dynamic load in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among bone mineral density (BMD), static alignment and the adduction moment of the knee in patients with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with medial compartment knee OA underwent radiographic evaluation, gait analysis and BMD measurements at the proximal tibia and lumbar spine. RESULTS: The bone mineral distribution of the medial to lateral part of the proximal tibia correlated significantly with the peak knee adduction moment and the mechanical axis. Furthermore, the adduction moment correlated significantly with the mechanical axis. However, the BMD of the lumbar spine and the bone mineral distribution of the posterior to anterior part of the proximal tibia did not correlate with any other measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the bone mineral distribution of the proximal tibia is directly affected but lumbar BMD is not influenced by the local mechanical stress around the knee with medial compartment OA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

The impact of covariate imbalance on the size of the logrank test in randomized clinical trials.

This paper examines the baseline imbalance incidental to stratified random sampling in clinical trials. We assume that patients are randomly sampled from a stratum-specific population and assigned to either treatment or control groups. Prognostic factors not used for the stratification cause within-stratum patient heterogeneity. The patient heterogeneity is investigated with an analysis of the prognostic index, or the log-relative-hazard. An index V, used to measure the degree of baseline imbalance between the groups, is defined using the prognostic index. The degree of baseline imbalance resulting from the stratified random sampling of a population of heterogeneous patients is examined. A method to estimate the exact size of the stratified logrank test is developed and applied to data obtained from a cancer clinical trial.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Amlodipine inhibits the production of cytokines induced by ouabain.

Recent studies have suggested that cytokines are capable of modifying cardiovascular function and that drugs used in the treatment of heart failure have various modulating properties on the production of cytokines. More recently, we have found that ouabain induces the production of cytokines. This study was performed to examine the effects of calcium channel blockers on the production of cytokines induced by a cardiac glycoside. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from healthy volunteers. PBMC were cultured in 0.1, 1, 10, and 30 micromol/l amlodipine, diltiazem, and nifedipine in presence of 1 micromol/l ouabain. After 24 h of incubation, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were measured in the culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ouabain induced the production of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, but not of TNF-alpha. Induction of IL-1beta was most prominent. The production of IL-1alpha, and IL-6 was inhibited by amlodipine in a concentration-dependent manner and was significantly decreased at a concentration of 10 micromol/l. IL-1beta production was also inhibited by 30 micromol/l amlodipine. In contrast, neither diltiazem nor nifedipine inhibited the production of these cytokines. The unique property of amlodipine to inhibit the production of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 may contribute to its beneficial effects in heart failure patients.

Amlodipine↗
PubMed2000

HLA DPB1*0201 gene confers disease susceptibility in japanese with childhood onset type I diabetes, independent of HLA-DR and DQ genotypes.

HLA is an important etiologic genetic factor in Type I diabetes and specific HLA-class II genes are closely related to the onset of the disease. Many differences in the patterns of susceptible and resistant DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes have been observed among various ethnic groups. We have previously shown that DRB1*0405, DRB1*0901 and DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 were the major susceptible alleles or haplotype to Type I diabetes while DR-DQ haplotype studies suggested the important role of DR and DQ alleles in susceptibility and resistance in Japanese patients. Based on the analysis of 90 Japanese patients with childhood onset Type I diabetes and 136 unrelated healthy Japanese controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP), we report here the association of Type I diabetes with DPB1*0201 (relative risk = 2.29; Pc = 0.027) in this population. Comparison of linkage disequilibrium patterns between patients and controls showed that the significantly high prevalence of DPB1*0201 among patients cannot be attributed simply to linkage disequilibrium with susceptible DRB1 alleles and DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes. Our results suggest that in addition to alleles at the DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 loci, polymorphism at DPB1 locus also influences the risk of Type I diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

An easily customized, random allocation system using the minimization method for multi-institutional clinical trials.

In a randomized clinical trial, random allocation of patients to treatment groups should be done to balance in the distribution of prognostic factors. Random allocation in a multi-institutional randomized clinical trial is conducted by a coordinating center, independent of the medical institution the attending doctor uses for his/her practice. This study provides a sophisticated system for doing an exact random allocation of patients to treatment groups. The minimization method proposed by Pocock was applied to this system to balance the distribution of prognostic factors between two treatment groups, even when the number of registered patients is relatively small (S.J. Pocock, Allocation of patients to treatment in clinical trial, Biometrics 35 (1979) 183-197). Furthermore, Zelen's method is used to balance the number of patients allocated to the two groups within each institution (M. Zelen, The randomization and stratification of patients to clinical trials, J. Chron. Dis. 27 (1974) 365-375.). This system was created by the 'PERL’ language for writing common gateway interface (CGI) script, and can therefore, be easily extended to include data entry function by attending doctors as well as the random allocation function. This system is being used effectively in thirteen multi-institutional randomized clinical trials for stomach, colon-rectum and breast cancers in Japan.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Electromagnetic interference with electronic medical equipment induced by automatic conveyance systems.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) with electronic medical equipment induced by automatic conveyance systems is estimated. We measured the electric intensities of electromagnetic waves transmitted by three self-controlled electric truck systems. We also observed EMI with an infusion pump and a syringe pump set 1 m from the rail. The maximum electric field intensity was observed at the supplied current frequency in two systems with non-contact power supply mechanisms. The highest value, 137.0 dB microV/m, was measured just beside the rail. This is higher than the international electromagnetic immunity standard limit for electronic medical equipment. EMI may occur if electronic medical equipment is used within 2 m of the rail when the system contains an inductive power supply mechanism. With a contact power supply mechanism, the electric field intensity was much lower than that of the immunity standard. EMI should not occur even when electronic medical equipment is used just beside the rail.

Automation↗
PubMed2000

A question and answer E-mail system for responding to query from the general public with which the system manager can identify delayed replies.

We constructed a question and answer system for direct delivery of E-mail queries from the general public to the proper hospital representative and with which the system administrator can monitor E-mail replies. The system consists of two sub-systems; one is an E-mail questionnaire sub-system that automatically delivers E-mail queries to the proper person and an E-mail reply monitor sub-system with which the system administrator can monitor the E-mail replies. The monitor system compares the origin address of the E-mail reply and the destination address on a questionnaire filled out at the time the query is made. In a test of the system, 56 queries were received in 31 days, with 37 replied to. The interval from receipt of an E-mail query to reply was calculated. Nineteen replies were submitted within 2 days.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2000

A simple client-server system using a personal computer as the server.

Hospital information systems have recently grown into huge, complex systems. As a result, the cost of development and maintenance of application programs has increased and become a serious problem. We have constructed an order entry system using server-client architecture as part of a hospital intranet information system in which a personal computer is used as a server. Using a commercial database management system and software development tools, an easily maintained order entry system was developed within only three months by one programmer. Since slow response when the number of clients increased was possible, we measured turn-around times when one or ten clients accessed simultaneously. Turn-around times were 8 and 10 sec, respectively. Because we expect much better performance from personal computers in the near future, application systems using personal computers as Intranet servers will be cost and time effective and easy to develop and maintain.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

Advantages of low output mobile communication systems in hospitals.

Mobile telephone systems using radio waves with very low power outputs rarely interfere with electronic medical equipment, which allows them to be safely installed in hospitals. The Personal Handy-phone System, PHS, which was developed and is widely used in Japan, is one such system. It has many useful functions including voice communication, string message transfer, e-mail, an answering system limited to selected persons or groups, paging, automatic call transfer, and handset positioning. In this paper we discuss the benefits of these functions confer to hospital communication systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

On the MICA deleted-MICB null, HLA-B*4801 haplotype.

A 100-kb deletion including the MICA gene was recently reported in the HLA-B48 (B*4801)-associated haplotype in Japanese. Interestingly, this MICA deletion is accompanied by a MICB null allele, MICB0107N. In order to further investigate the universality of the apparent tight linkage between these two events, we present data on high-resolution deletion mapping of eight HLA-B48-homozygous individuals. Among these, five carried the MICA deletion linked to MICB0107N, as originally reported. Conversely, the remaining three possessed an intact MICA gene of MICA008 or MICA010 allelic variant associated this time with a putative expressed MICB allele, MICB0102. These results may imply that the expression of both MICA and MICB molecules is indispensable to viability through a yet-to-be understood mutual interaction in immune surveillance.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

[Changes in the shape of choanal openings and airflow rates during development].

The shape of the choanal openings were examined in 173 babies aged zero to six months using digital video fiberscope inserted via nose. A numerical analysis and the fluid mechanics were then calculated for each recorded choanal opening. The choanal openings in one month old babies were a flat oval shape. Vertical development was faster than that of horizontal development, and the choanal openings changed from a flat oval to a round and finally a vertical oval shapes as the babies aged from two to four months. Both the air resistance and airflow ratio in the choanae can be calculated by Navier-Stoke's equation, if the choanae are assumed to be an oval tube. Using this equation, it was calculated that the air resistance ratio was one to five and the airflow ratio increased five times from neonates to six month old babies.

Humans↗