Interstitial naive and memory T cells in chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Cytokines↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Nomoto
Publications and source records attributed to Y Nomoto.
Activation of IgA-specific switch T cells in patients with IgA nephropathy.
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Adult↗
Glomerulocystic kidney--report of an adult case.
A 32-year-old adult case of glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCK) is reported. He had brain and muscle atrophy, probably due to congenital malformation. Progressive renal failure developed and he died. Autopsy disclosed multiple tiny cysts exclusively in the renal cortices. Microscopic study revealed that the cysts were dilated Bowman's spaces. This case is the 12th adult case reported in the world.
Adult↗
[Maintenance therapy on the anemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients using subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin fortnightly--a multicenter trial].
Eighty-seven CAPD patients whose hematocrit (Ht) level was maintained by recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) were enrolled in this trial for a new formulation of rHuEPO suitable for subcutaneous injection. 6000IU rHuEPO was administered every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Fortnightly doses were increased to 9000IU or 12000IU at 4 or 6 weeks if the Ht level decreased by 2% or more. During the study period, Ht values were maintained at the appropriate level in 88% of patients. 6000IU or lower was selected as a maintenance dose given every 2 weeks in 57 (76.0%) patients, 9000IU was selected in 8 patients and 12000IU was chosen in one patient. In 9 patients, the Ht could not be maintained during the study and the appropriate dose, therefore, remained unclear. Hypertension was observed in 2 patients as a side effect, and headache occurred in 2 other patients during the trial. Cutaneous abnormalities were not observed in the course of the subcutaneous injections. We conclude that anemia in most CAPD patients could be controlled with fortnightly injections in the dose range of 6000 to 12000IU rHuEPO given subcutaneously.
Adult↗
Altered production of IgE and IgA induced by IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with IgA nephropathy.
In order to elucidate the factors responsible for altered immunoglobulin production in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the in vitro effects of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the synthesis of IgE and IgA by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. Spontaneous IgE and IgA synthesis by PBMC was significantly increased in patients with IgA nephropathy compared with controls. The maximum amounts of IgA and IgE synthesis by PBMC after stimulation with IL-4 were almost the same both in patients with IgAN and in controls. The enhancement rate of IL-4-induced IgE and IgA synthesis was significantly lower in IgAN than in the controls, suggesting in vivo preactivation of PBMC in IgAN patients. IFN-gamma suppressed IgA and IgE synthesis by PBMC from IgAN patients as well as controls. However, the suppressive effect on IgE synthesis was less prominent in patients with IgAN. These results suggested that altered IL-4 action might be involved in the development of IgA nephropathy.
Adolescent↗
Minimum requirements for renal biopsy size for patients with IgA nephropathy.
In order to clarify the minimum requirements for renal biopsy size for a more accurate interpretation of renal biopsy information by light microscopy, we reanalyzed 92 open renal biopsy specimens in 92 patients with IgA nephropathy retrospectively. The mean number of functioning glomeruli per square millimeter in open renal biopsy specimens from 38 patients with a poor outcome was 1.2 +/- 0.4. In contrast, the mean number in 54 biopsy specimens from 54 patients with stable conditions for 10 years was 3.0 +/- 0.6. Therefore, there was a significant reduction (p less than 0.0001) in the numbers of functioning glomeruli in patients with a poor outcome. We found that the most important point in predicting the severity of tissue damage was detection not of the total numbers of glomeruli but of the density of glomeruli in given specimens in patients with IgA nephropathy. A biopsy sample of 1 mm x 7 mm in size of cortical origin is the minimum necessary to confidently interpret biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy.
Adolescent↗
Increase of CD23-positive cells in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy and non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis.
CD23 is a surface marker of activated B cells as well as a low-affinity Fc receptor for IgE. In this study, we enumerated CD23-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and evaluated their clinical significance in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Twenty-five patients with IgAN and 16 patients with non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) were studied. Twenty-seven healthy adults served as controls. CD23-bearing cells were enumerated by flow cytometry, and serum IgE levels were measured by latex photometric immunoassay. Significant increases in the number of CD23-positive cells were observed in patients with IgAN (p less than 0.01) and PGN (p less than 0.05) compared with controls. A significant elevation of serum IgE levels was also observed in the patients with IgAN and PGN (p less than 0.05). No positive correlation between the number of CD23-positive cells and serum IgE levels was observed. We also examined the induction of surface CD23 expression on peripheral lymphocytes by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate. IL-4 was revealed to have a significantly potent effect on the induction of cell surface CD23 compared with other stimulants. It was concluded that many patients with IgAN or PGN show high serum IgE levels and/or high CD23-positive cell counts in their peripheral blood, suggesting that hyperactivation of B cells might be involved in the development of IgAN and non-IgA PGN. It appeared that IL-4 may play a significant role in the etiology of these types of glomerulonephritis.
Adult↗
Increased frequency of the heterozygous switch region of IgA2 in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy.
The relation between IgA hyperproduction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain switch (S) region was examined in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using Southern blot hybridization. Polymorphism in the S regions of IgM, IgA1 and IgA2 (SA2) was detected. A significant increase in the frequency of heterozygous phenotype of SA2 was shown in the patients. These patients showed a significant increase in the amount of serum IgA, IgA bearing cells and levels of proteinuria. Although two reports on RFLP of the S region have been published in Europe, the results differed. A comparison of the three reports showed different frequencies in the phenotype of the S region between Caucasian and Japanese patients. These results suggested that there is heterogeneity at the S region in IgAN patients in various countries and that this polymorphism might be associated with IgA hyperproduction and the development of proteinuria in Japanese patients.
Adult↗
An aged patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a case report and review of the literature.
A 63-year-old patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) nephritis showed progressive proteinuria. Purpura was observed in the extremities as well as in the trunk without any preceding upper respiratory tract infections or drugs, and it disappeared after corticosteroid therapy although mild proteinuria continued throughout the therapy. Renal biopsy specimens showed mesangial IgA deposits in the glomeruli, but no IgA deposits were observed in the dermal vessels or in the intrarenal extraglomerular capillaries. Progressive proteinuria was improved with 37.5 mg/day of captopril. Severity of HSP nephritis in middle-aged to aged patients in the literature was reviewed. It was suggested that careful observation is required in aged patients with HSP nephritis.
Aged↗
Prevention of progressive renal failure by levothyroxine sodium in a diabetic patient with renal insufficiency and hypothyroidism.
The progressive renal failure of a 49-year-old female diabetic patient with renal insufficiency and hypothyroidism was successfully prevented by levothyroxine sodium treatment. Her renal function worsened in parallel with the exacerbation of hypothyroidism. Cessation of progressive renal failure was observed after administration of levothyroxine sodium (0.05 mg daily) for more than 24 months. Mean slopes of reciprocal serum creatinine levels for 12 months before and after the administration of levothyroxine sodium were -1.67 x 10(-3) and +8.68 x 10(-4), respectively. It was suggested that levothyroxine sodium was effective in the prevention of progressive renal failure in this patient.
Diabetic Nephropathies↗
Lupus nephritis associated with bacterial panperitonitis and lung alveolar hemorrhage.
A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome due to lupus nephritis. The patient had panperitonitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as a complication, and an emergency laparotomy was performed. After the operation, the patient developed a massive lung alveolar hemorrhage. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy showed a marked effect on the lung hemorrhage. It is known that lung alveolar hemorrhages associated with systemic lupus erythematosus have a very high mortality; the present case is relatively rare because of the good response to steroid pulse therapy.
Adult↗
CD4 subsets in IgA nephropathy.
CD45RA+ (2H4+) and CD45RA-(CD29, 4B4+) antigenic expressions, recognized as a suppressor inducer and a helper inducer, respectively, on CD4+ and T alpha 4+ cells (Fc alpha receptor bearing CD4 T cells) were measured by three color flow cytometry in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The 4B4+ subsets of CD4 and T alpha 4 T cells were increased significantly in the patient group compared with the control group. The level of the 2H4+ subset did not differ between the two groups. No significant correlation was observed between the increase in the 4B4+ subset and disease severity, as estimated by measuring the proteinuria, levels of serum creatinine and immunoglobulins (Igs) or renal tissue damage. It was concluded that 4B4+ CD4+ and 4B4+ T alpha 4+ subsets might be involved in the mechanism of immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
Adult↗
[Thrombosis-inducing activity (TIA) in plasma of a patient with lung cancer, which disappeared after radiotherapy].
A 58-year-old man had been suffering from persistent right shoulder pain was admitted following detection of a Pancoast tumor in the right lung. On admission, there was elevation of peripheral platelet count, plasma FDP and fibrinogen levels and thrombosis-inducing activity (TIA) was detected in his plasma. After receiving 30 Gy of Liniack, the mass shadow and the shoulder pain disappeared, which was accompanied by the normalization of laboratory data and the disappearance of TIA from plasma. However, plasma TIA became positive again one month later, in association with reappearance of shoulder pain and elevation of FDP and fibrinogen levels, which were considered due to recurrence of the tumor, 30 Gy of Liniack together with thermotherapy was again given. There was no subsequent recurrence of tumor, nor TIA has been detected for more than 3 years.
Blood Coagulation Factors↗
In vivo antibody response to mucosal (NASAL) and subcutaneous stimulation of influenza virus in patients with IgA nephropathy.
Anomalies in the production of antibodies have been postulated in the development of IgA nephropathy. In order to study the aberrant immune response in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), an influenza virus vaccine was administered to healthy adults and patients with IgAN to demonstrate if there was any in vivo alteration in the antibody production to mucosal and non-mucosal antigenic stimulation in these groups. The vaccine was administered subcutaneously (s.c) or intranasally at a dose of 350 CCA or 1,050 CCA at an interval of 4 weeks, respectively. IgG, IgA, IgM class antibodies to influenza virus were determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subcutaneous stimulation induced IgM antibody response in both groups. However, positive response to nasal stimulation was observed only in the patient group. Serum IgA and IgM responses in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. These data suggested that patients with IgA nephropathy showed higher antibody response to mucosal stimulation than healthy controls.
Administration, Intranasal↗
[The advantages of laser assist in parenchyma-sparing pulmonary resection].
The advantages of laser irradiation were investigated retrospectively, using a total of 89 parenchyma-sparing pulmonary resection (PSPR) for localized lung lesions which included 42 conventional wedge resection (CWR), 8 PSPR using electrocoagulator (PE) and 39 PSPR using CO2 laser or Nd:YAG laser (PCYL). The major axes of the lesions in PNYL (25.4 +/- 10 mm) were significantly (p = 0.0387) longer than that in CWR (20.3 +/- 11.3 mm). The amount of bleeding during operation was similar in three groups. The mean value of the amount of postoperative exudation from the thoracic drains in PCYL (615 ml) was only 60 ml more than that in CWR. Bloody sputum was observed for 4.8 days in PCYL and 5.0 days in CWR, whereas 7.1 days in PE. Air leak was observed 33.3% in PCYL, 37.5% in PE, whereas 22.5% in CWR, that continued for 1.7 days (mean value) in PCYL, 1.6 days in PE and 2.0 days in CWR. Decrease (differences between preoperative and postoperative lung functions/volume of the lesions) in FVC and FEV1.0 in PCYL (mean values = 221, 158) and PE (174, 135) were less than that in CWR (339, 204). Laser assist in PSPR revealed advantages in hemostasis comparing with PE, and in parenchyma-sparing comparing with CWR. And no clear difference between PCYL and CWR in bleeding during operation, the amount of postoperative exudation and postoperative air leak. CO2 laser is reported that has higher potential in vaporization or cutting but lower ability in hemostasis comparing with Nd:YAG laser, so authors would express that Nd:YAG laser assist is most safe and effective in parenchyma-sparing lung resection.
Adolescent↗
Homozygous C3 deficiency associated with IgA nephropathy.
A 23-year-old male patient with homozygous C3 deficiency who developed asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria was reported. Renal biopsy disclosed typical IgA nephropathy with deposition of early- and late-complement components except for C3 deposition. C9 and membrane attack complex were detected in the glomeruli despite the absence of C3. It was suggested that there might be some unknown complement activation mechanism which does not require C3 component.
Adult↗
Studies on cardiotonic agents. VI. Synthesis of novel 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives carrying some benzoheterocycles at the 6-position.
Several benzothiazolyl, imidazobenzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothienopyrimidinyl and quinazolinyl 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones were synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs after i.v. administration. Among them, 4-methylamino-7-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-6- pyridazinyl)quinazoline (36) showed potent and long-lasting inotropic activity (relative potency = 2.11, milrinone = 1). The activity of 36 was more potent than indolidan (2) (relative potency = 1.53) which is one of the most potent inotropic agents to date.
Animals↗
Studies on cardiotonic agents. V. Synthesis of 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidine derivatives carrying various 5-membered heterocyclic rings at the 4-position.
A series of 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidines carrying various 5-membered heterocycles at the 4-position was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthesized dogs. The (4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-imidazolindinyl)amino derivatives showed the most potent inotropic activity. Marked loss of activity was observed in the 2,4-dihydro-3-thioxo-3H-1,2,4-triazolyl, the 2,4-dihydro-3-oxo-3H-pyrazolyl and the (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)amino derivatives. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Animals↗