Biomedical subjects

Y Nomoto

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nomoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Urinary albumin fragments as a new clinical parameter for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy.

Urinary albumin fragments (uAF) from patients with NIDDM were analyzed as a possible factor in the early discovery of diabetic nephropathy before emergence of microalbuminuria. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot assay were employed for detection of uAF. Samples from 252 patients with NIDDM, 158 patients with non-diabetic diseases, and 48 healthy volunteers were examined; uAF were detected in 139 (55.2%), 94 (59.5%), only one (2.1%), respectively. In diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, uAF were detected in 48 out of 159 cases (30.2%). Two years after the initial study, 3 of the 17 diabetic patients (17.6%) with normoalbuminuria and uAF showed micro- or macroalbuminuria. It was concluded that detection of uAF might be useful for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

In situ hybridization of interleukin 6 in diabetic nephropathy.

Increased mesangial expansion is one of the most characteristic histological changes in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although the pathogenesis of DN remains unclear, recent studies associate interleukin (IL) 6 with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. To elucidate the expression and localization of IL-6 mRNA in renal tissues of patients with DN, a high-resolution in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide was performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on light microscopy findings: mild (group 1), moderate (group 2), and severe (group 3) mesangial expansion. The relationship between the expression of IL-6 mRNA and the degree of glomerular mesangial expansion in DN was examined. Individual cells positive for IL-6 mRNA were observed in glomeruli. These cells were mesangial cells, glomerular epithelial cells, and Bowman's capsule. The signal intensity was strongest in tissues from group 2 but was weak in those from groups 1 and 3. Most cells in the area of mesangial proliferation were strongly stained for IL-6 mRNA, and few positive cells were found in the Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodular lesion. In the interstitium, some tubules, particularly atrophic tubules, and some infiltrating cells were positively stained for IL-6 mRNA. The interstitial expression of IL-6 mRNA correlated significantly with the degree of interstitial injury and was remarkable in tissues from groups 2 and 3. We conclude that IL-6 mRNA is expressed by glomerular resident cells and interstitial cells in the renal tissue of patients with DN and that its expression may be associated with mesangial proliferation and may be involved in the tissue injury of DN.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Infrared/video ENG recording of positional nystagmus in subjects with peripheral vestibular disease.

We performed simultaneous infrared/video and electronystagmorgraphy (ENG) recordings of eye movements in 417 patients with disequilibrium. Of that number, 54 patients with the following two criteria participated in this study: verified diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disease and the presence of positional nystagmus recorded by ENG and an infrared/ video recording system. Although horizontal nystagmus was the most common, torsional, vertical and oblique nystagmus were also demonstrated in these patients. The most striking finding was the high incidence of oblique nystagmus closely related to a significant right-left difference of the caloric response in benign positional vertigo.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on leukocyte in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

In order to investigate immunological abnormalities induced by polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, we have performed bronchoalveolar lavage in the rats given polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. We have administrated 5.0 mg of polychlorinated biphenyls or 0.5 mg of polychlorinated dibenzofurans to Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally. Four weeks after the administration, mild necrosis of bronchiolar Clara cells and mild edema associated with chronic inflammatory infiltration in the alveoli were seen in both groups. In the peripheral blood, percentage of T-lymphocyte, helper T-cell and suppressor T-cell decreased significantly both in polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans given rats. On the other hand, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, percentage of T-cell increased only in polychlorinated dibenzofurans given rats and percentage of suppressor T-cell increased in both groups. O2- release by alveolar macrophage increased significantly both when stimulated with wheat germ lectin and with phorbol myristate acetate. These results indicate that immunological alternation may be different between peripheral blood and respiratory system as one of the target organs of these chemicals. Further examination is needed for the analysis of immunological abnormalities in the target organs of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans poisoning.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Simultaneous intraluminal irradiation and hyperthermia treatment for esophageal carcinoma].

The combination of radiotherapy and thermotherapy has the greatest antitumor effect when delivered simultaneously. We developed and have clinically used an applicator that enables simultaneous intraluminal irradiation and hyperthermia delivery for the treatment of locally invasive esophageal carcinoma. In a phase 1 study, 40 Gy of external irradiation was delivered followed by simultaneous intraluminal hyperthermia and radiotherapy once weekly for three weeks. Intraluminal hyperthermia was delivered to the mucosal surface at 42 to 44 degrees C for 30 minutes. Intraluminal irradiation (3 Gy) was delivered to a submucosal depth of 5 mm after the first 15 minutes of hyperthermia. This treatment may increase current treatment results for locally invasive esophageal carcinoma, which have otherwise been maximized.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis].

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an established effective method of maintenance dialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure. Because many of these patients refuse to return hemodialysis, it is essential to develop more techniques to overcome the problems inherent in CAPD. There were 143,709 patients currently undergoing dialysis including 7,509 (5.2%) patients on CAPD in Japan. Renal transplantation is uncommon (700-800 per year), and it is likely that CAPD is of more value than in western countries as a dialysis technique. The utilization rate of PD remain still 5.2%. However, there are a lot of advantages in CAPD in such as good QOL, good biocompatibility and good preservation of residual renal function. We should choose CAPD as a first line therapy in ESRD patients.

Female↗

PubMed1995

Wegener's granulomatosis with relapsed bleeding of gastric ulcers: a case report.

We treated a 55-year-old male patient with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) associated with frequent gastric bleeding from multiple ulcerative lesions. Only a few cases of frequent hemorrhaging of peptic ulcers associated with WG have been reported. In our case, a gastric biopsy showed mononuclear cell infiltration in the submucosal area, without granulomas or vasculitis. An endoscopic maneuver, as well as administration of immunosuppressive agents, combined with an H2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor successfully eliminated the gastrointestinal bleeding. In this case, proof that the gastrointestinal involvement was pathologically related to WG could not be demonstrated because neither granulomas nor vasculitis were observed in the insufficient biopsy specimen of the stomach. It is also possible that the uremic state and cytotoxic agents worsened the gastrointestinal involvement. However, immunosuppressive therapy combined with routine antiulcer treatment was very effective in repairing the ulcerative lesions. The gastrointestinal involvement was considered a possible complication of the WG.

Gastroscopy↗

PubMed1994

Fc alpha R expression on polymorphonuclear leukocyte and superoxide generation in IgA nephropathy.

Superoxide (O2-) production and Fc alpha R antigen expression of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) isolated from patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) and healthy volunteers were investigated to establish their biological importance in the immunopathogenesis of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMNL from both patient groups showed increased O2- production when stimulated with N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The increased O2- generation demonstrated a positive correlation with the degree of proteinuria. Aggregated IgA caused enhanced O2- production only in patients with IgAN who also showed a significant correlation with proteinuria. Increased expression of Fc alpha R on circulating PMNL was observed in IgAN patients as determined by flow cytometric analysis. The amount of Fc alpha R on PMNL was positively correlated with O2- generation triggered with IgA aggregates. These results suggest that: 1. Circulating PMNL may potentially be participating in the pathogenesis of glomerular injury in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 2. IgA aggregates/immune complexes may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of IgAN through augmenting the Fc alpha receptor-mediated generation of superoxide anion.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of hydrocortisone and adrenaline on natural killer cell activity.

We have studied the effects of hydrocortisone and adrenaline on natural killer (NK) cell activity and on the distribution of circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in 30 patients undergoing elective partial laminectomy under general anaesthesia. The patients were allocated to receive adrenaline (group 1, n = 11), hydrocortisone and adrenaline (group 2, n = 11) or neither hydrocortisone nor adrenaline (group 3, n = 8). Group 1 and group 2 patients received local adrenaline infiltration during operation to reduce bleeding. The mean dose of adrenaline administered was 2.1 (SD 0.2) microgram kg-1. Group 2 received hydrocortisone 10 mg kg-1 i.v. after premedication. In groups 1 and 2, adrenaline produced an instantaneous increase in NK cell activity accompanied by a selective increase in circulating NK cells. The measurements returned to pre-infiltration levels within 120 min of administration of adrenaline. The effect of adrenaline in causing increased NK cell activity was not blocked by pre-administration of hydrocortisone. There was a significant decrease in the ratio of T-helper/inducer cells (CD4) to T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8) in all patients after induction of anaesthesia. In groups 1 and 3, the CD4/CD8 of anaesthesia. In groups 1 and 3, the CD4/CD8 cell ratio did not change significantly during operation. However, compared with groups 1 and 3, group 2 showed a significantly reduced CD4/CD8 cell ratio during operation. Therefore, these results suggest that even in cases of such severe stress that the immune response was depressed by increased serum cortisol concentrations, adrenaline-induced NK cell activity enhancement was preserved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Tyrosine-specific protein kinase participates in the pathogenesis of acute immune complex alveolitis in rats.

Rabbit IgG antibodies against ovalbumin (OA) was injected intravenously into Wistar rats. When the animals were challenged with OA aerosolized by ultrasonic nebulization, acute lung injury occurred as reflected by increased recovery of bronchoalveolar cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung morphology demonstrated cellular infiltration in the alveolar septa and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. When the rats were administered ST-638, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, intraperitoneally prior to nebulization, the number of PMN in BALF decreased in a dose-dependent manner and superoxide anion (O2-)-producing activity in peripheral leukocytes was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the reagent inhibited migration of human peripheral blood neutrophils induced by the chemotactic peptide f-met-leu-phe in vitro. These studies strongly indicate that tyrosine kinase plays an important role in immune complex-triggered neutrophil-related lung disorders, and the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor ST-638 attenuates lung injury by preventing superoxide production and neutrophil migration.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

A sensitive method of non-radioactive in situ hybridization for mRNA localization within human renal biopsy specimens: use of digoxigenin labeled oligonucleotides.

A sensitive method of non-radioactive in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides is described for the detection of mRNA within human renal biopsy specimens. Although non-radioactive in situ hybridization typically has the drawback of low sensitivity, we increased the sensitivity of this method, providing a practical alternative to the use of radiolabelled probes. The four main points are: 1) assessment of the efficiency of labeling, 2) optimization of the probe concentration for hybridization, 3) requirement of deproteinization of tissues with HCl and proteinase K, and 4) the use of a four-layer immunoperoxidase staining system. This technique was found to clearly localize individual mRNA positive cells within cryostat tissue sections. A variety of controls including sense probes, excess unlabeled anti-sense probes, and RNase-treatment demonstrated the specificity of the technique. This improved method is a powerful technique for detecting mRNA within human renal tissue and will be most useful in the study of gene expression in the pathogenesis of renal diseases.

Actins↗

PubMed1994

Nephrotic syndrome associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE): a case report.

We experienced a female nephrotic patient associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Her proteinuria was completely normalized after antibiotic therapy and valve replacement. Immunofluorescence and an electron microscopic study of a renal biopsy specimen showed little evidence of immune complex in the glomeruli. Marked deposition of properdin in the glomeruli and the reduced level of serum complement may indicate involvement of the complement system in the pathogenic mechanism of massive proteinuria in this case.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[A case of lung cancer avoidable right pneumonectomy due to external and intraluminal irradiation therapy].

A 54-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung resected after external and high dose rate intraluminal irradiation (HDRII) therapy is reported. Cancer existed in right lower bronchus, extended to bifurcation of upper broncus and truncus intermedius. The patient received external irradiation of 40 Gy and HDRII of 18 Gy (Iridium192 was used) simultaneously. Effectiveness of irradiation was remarkable, tumor disappeared in chest CT and bronchoscopy. Middle and lower lobectomy and bronchial wedge resection was performed. Histologically, cancer was not existed in second carinal portion, so curative resection was done. The result suggests that HDRII is effective therapy as preoperative adjuvant irradiation.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1994

Brain metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma: comparison of Gd-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced computerized tomography.

Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) frequently metastasizes into the brain, resulting in serious influences upon prognosis. Delayed brain damage caused by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is also problematic. Gadrinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to detect early brain metastasis from SCLC, and its usefulness was compared with contrast computerized tomography (CT). Among 25 SCLC patients, brain metastasis was detected in 11 by MRI and in 10 by CT, although six of them were completely asymptomatic. In the 11 patients, 6.3 and 2.4 lesions were respectively detected on average by MRI and CT. The ability of MRI to detect metastatic lesions of > or = 15 mm diameter did not differ from that of CT, but became different as lesions became smaller (P < 0.002), and MRI had a decided advantage over CT because as many as 30 lesions of < or = 5 mm diameter were detected by MRI, whereas such lesions visualized on CT numbered only one (P < 0.0001). MRI was incomparably superior to CT (P < 0.0004) for subtentorial lesions since 18 lesions were detected on MRI, but only three, measuring > or = 25 mm in diameter, were demonstrated on CT. Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI was determined to be extremely useful in the early diagnosis of SCLC brain metastasis. MRI was thought to reduce delayed brain damage caused by PCI if performed according to an adequate schedule.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1994

[Esophageal duplication with esophago-bronchial fistula].

In a case of 51-year-old woman with an esophago-bronchial fistula located in the right B2 bronchus, we found a tubular type of esophageal duplication communicating with the esophagobronchial fistula by examinations of esophagography and endoscopy. It was diagnosed as tubular type I double barreled type of esophageal duplication by Akaboshi's Classification. She successfully underwent resection of the accessory esophagus combined with the fistula and the adjacent pulmonary tissues. Squamous epithelium and smooth muscle tissue were observed in the resected esophageal specimen. Double barreled type of esophageal duplication is one of the rare malformation, and we have found 12 reported cases including our one case in the Japanese literatures. Moreover our case is the first one whose accessory esophagus were combined with an esophagobronchial fistula.

Bronchial Fistula↗

PubMed1994

A multicenter study with once a week or once every two weeks high-dose subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of administering relatively high doses of r-HuEPO subcutaneously once a week or once every 2 weeks in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). DESIGN: Multicenter prospective analysis. The trial was divided into two phases: an initial 8-week phase (once a week dosing) followed by a 12-week maintenance phase (once every 2 weeks dosing). A response was defined as a change in hematocrit (Ht) of 3% or more. Results were analyzed using Sheffe's test, Mantel-Haenszel's test, and Dunnett's test. SETTING: Eleven renal units in Japan providing a CAPD program. PATIENTS: Forty-one CAPD patients with a Ht of 28% or less. RESULTS: After the initial 8 weeks, 13 (81.3%) of 16 patients showed a response to 6000 U (106.9 +/- 20.0 U/kg) subcutaneously (sc), once a week. Eleven (84.6%) of 13 in the 9000 U (166.5 +/- 27.7 U/kg) group and all 12 (100%) in the 12,000 U (210.7 +/- 42.1% U/kg) group also showed responses. At the end of both phases, that is, at 20 weeks, 7 (53.8%) of 13 patients in the 6000 U group with once every 2 weeks dosing, 7 (63.6%) of 11 in the 9000 U group, and 10 (90.9%) of 11 in the 12,000 U group maintained responses with the same dosing interval. There were no significant changes in mean blood pressure during the study period, and only 2 patients developed treatable hypertension with mild headache. CONCLUSION: Administration of relatively high doses of r-HuEPO to CAPD patients once a week or once every 2 weeks is safe and potentially an effective regimen for the correction of renal anemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Epidural block for treatment of intestinal obstruction--clinical and experimental studies.

Seventy patients with intestinal obstruction were managed with usual conservative treatments and epidural anesthesia to block splanchnic and somatic nervous systems, for nine years from 1981 to 1990. Improvement of clinical symptoms and general conditions was accomplished in 48 patients (68.6%). In these 48 patients, 41 patients (58.6%) had complete remission of intestinal obstruction, showing flatus in 8.3 hours on an average, but seven (10.0%) had incomplete remission. For these seven, after improvements of their clinical symptoms, elective radical operations were performed within three weeks. In 22 (31.4%) patients whose symptoms were not improved at all with the epidural block, emergency exploratory celiotomies were performed, 15.4 hours on an average after the initial epidural block. Indications for surgical intervention of intestinal obstruction were decided by the absent movement of gas in the bowel in a series of plain X-rays. The effectiveness of the epidural block on the motility of the obstructed intestinal loop was experimentally confirmed in monkeys. We suggested that the epidural block, accompanied with usual conservative treatments, be recommended as the initial treatment for intestinal obstruction.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1993

Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte subpopulations during dobutamine infusion in man.

We have studied the effects of dobutamine on natural killer (NK) cell activity and the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in 16 patients under general anaesthesia. Patients were allocated to receive either dobutamine (n = 9) or isotonic saline (n = 7) for 30 min. There was a significant decrease in the ratio of T-helper/inducer cells (CD4) to T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8) in all patients after induction of anaesthesia. Dobutamine infusion induced an increase in NK cell activity, accompanied by a selective increase in circulating NK cells. However, compared with preinfusion values, CD4:CD8 cell ratio did not change during and after dobutamine infusion. In the isotonic saline group, NK cell activity and CD4:CD8 cell ratio remained unchanged. These results suggest that dobutamine induced an increase in NK cell activity and alterations in lymphocyte subpopulations.

Adolescent↗