A levoatrial cardinal vein is a rare congenital anomaly of the systemic veins. It is frequently associated with left-side obstructive anomalies. We report a case of tetralogy of Fallot with a levoatrial cardinal vein. The innominate vein was absent and two left upper pulmonary veins connected to this vein. There were no left-side obstructive anomalies.

Angiography↗

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Head and neck carcinoma: detection of extraorgan spread with MR imaging and CT.

A retrospective analysis of the Magnetic resonance (MR) and CT findings in 18 untreated carcinomas of the oral cavity (7), oropharynx (2), hypopharynx (7), and larynx (2) was performed to assess the accuracy in evaluating extraorgan tumor spread and nodal involvement. Surgical and pathologic correlation was available for 13 primary tumors and nodal status was analyzed in 18. Nine primary tumors had extraorgan extension. MR had a tendency to be superior to CT in predicting tumor invasion of the cartilage and muscle. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for extraorgan spread of primary tumors were 89%, 100% and 92%, respectively, for MR and 78%, 75% and 77% for CT. Accuracy for nodal classification (83%) and carotid invasion (94%) of MR was equal to that of CT. CT was more sensitive than MR for demonstrating necrosis within the nodes and vice versa for detecting retropharyngeal nodes. MR imaging is a useful radiologic modality in evaluating extraorgan tumor spread and nodal levels of the head and neck carcinomas.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genome analysis of adenovirus type 4 strains isolated from acute conjunctivitis in Japan.

Strains of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) isolated from patients with acute conjunctivitis were studied by DNA restriction analysis. The strains were isolated between July and December 1990 in Japan. All 63 isolates of Ad4 were identified as the genome type Ad4a. This study showed that the same Ad4 genome type, Ad4a, caused acute viral conjunctivitis, even in different areas of Japan.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin resistance in patients with cancer: relationships with tumor site, tumor stage, body-weight loss, acute-phase response, and energy expenditure.

We examined peripheral insulin sensitivity in 32 patients with cancer (17 with stomach cancer, 7 with colorectal cancer, and 8 with lung cancer) and 6 normal control subjects by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The relationships between insulin resistance and tumor factors (type and stage), malnutrition, and inflammatory reaction were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity often was reduced in patients with cancer; however, the amount of glucose metabolized was not related to tumor site or stage. The decreased glucose uptake was negatively correlated with the acute-phase response but was not correlated with body-weight loss, serum albumin, or resting energy expenditure. Our results suggest that insulin resistance in cancer patients was not induced by malnutrition. Although the qualitative presence of tumor might be the major factor inducing insulin resistance, other factors such as inflammatory reactions might be involved in the development of insulin resistance.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cartilage and labrum degeneration in the dysplastic hip generally originates in the anterosuperior weight-bearing area: an arthroscopic observation.

To clarify the intra-articular pathology of dysplastic osteoarthritis, we conducted 120 hip arthroscopies. Hips were classified radiologically into four stages: 41 prearthritic stage, 42 early-stage, 34 advanced-stage, and 3 end-stage. As the radiological stage progressed, articular cartilage degeneration became more extensive and severe. In the prearthritic and early stages, cartilage degeneration generally originated in the anterosuperior portion of the weight-bearing area of the femoral head and acetabulum. Cartilage degeneration of the acetabulum usually preceded that of the femoral head. Most detaching tears of the acetabular labrum originated in the anterosuperior area, too. In conclusion, cartilage and labrum degeneration in the dysplastic hip generally originates in the anterosuperior portion of weight-bearing area.

Acetabulum↗