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Biomedical subjects

Y Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishio.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Sequential changes of mouse bladder epithelium during induction of invasive carcinomas by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

Invasive carcinoma of the bladder in humans shows aggressive growth with poor prognosis. Little is known about its preceding lesions. Sequential changes of the bladder epithelium following administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHBN) were studied in mice. Female C3H/He mice were divided into 4 groups. Three groups were given 0.05, 0.01, and 0.005% concentrations of BHBN, respectively, in their drinking water, and the control group was given tap water. The mice were killed at regular intervals over a period of 26 weeks, and their bladder epithelium was examined histologically. Dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma were observed sequentially in the groups treated with BHBN, and the incidences of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma were dependent on the dose of BHBN. The data indicate that bladder carcinoma in mice is a good model of invasive bladder carcinoma in humans, although it is not fully compatible with the human model because of the complete absence of metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Significance of carcinoma in situ and dysplasia in association with bladder cancer.

Cystectomy specimens of 118 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder were analyzed by step-sectioning. The carcinoma in situ and dysplasia adjacent to and remote from the visible bladder cancer were correlated with the tumor configuration on cystoscopy, and grade and stage of the disease. Results showed that a combination of papillary and nodular carcinomas in a single bladder was associated with a high incidence of mucosal involvement. Moreover, more than 50 per cent of all grade 3 carcinomas were associated with carcinoma in situ and dysplasia adjacent to and remote from the visible tumors. Carcinoma in situ and dysplasia were not related to the stage of disease. For management of bladder cancer, it appears important to assess the gross configuration of tumors by cystophotography and to determine the grade of tumors by biopsy, because mucosal involvement was found to be correlated closely with the tumor configuration and grade 3 disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Changing modality of the treatment in upper urinary tract calculi. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and transurethro-ureteral lithotripsy].

From March, 1984 to April, 1985, 70 cases of upper urinary tract calculi (73 renal units) were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy or transurethro-ureteral lithotripsy, mainly utilizing ultrasonic lithotrite. While in the early period of treatment, two stage procedure of creation of nephrostomy tract and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed for renal and upper or middle part of the ureteral calculi, one stage procedure, nephrostomy tract formation followed by ultrasonic nephrolithotripsy is commonly used in recent cases. During this period, conventional stone surgery was seen in 6 cases of pyelolithotomy and 2 of ureterolithotomy, while 52 cases of stone surgery were performed during the earlier period (from January, 1983 to February, 1984). Renal and upper or middle part of ureteral calculi were successfully removed in 49 out of 58 cases (84.5%). Most of the patients required 1 or 2 trials of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Middle or lower part of ureteral calculi were removed in transurethro-ureteral approach in 11 of the 12 cases. Hematuria and fever were most common complications after treatment and 3 patients required blood transfusion after 3 or 4 sessions of nephrolithotripsy. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and transurethro-ureteral lithotripsy are now widely used for treatment of upper urinary tract calculi, replacing the conventional surgical treatment. Moreover, very recently, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is available in Japan. To the patients with renal calculi indicative of this treatment, both percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are introduced and either way of treatment can be chosen by the patient himself.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of results of agglutination assays with concanavalin A and carcinogenesis experiments on promoters of bladder cancer.

The promoting effects of various chemicals and dietary constituents on bladder carcinogenesis were examined by means of a short-term assay, in which maintenance of concanavalin A agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells caused by a subcarcinogenic dose of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was used as an indicator. Twenty-seven chemicals were examined as possible promoters. Positive results in this assay were consistent with established promoting effects in the cases of sodium saccharin, saccharin, sodium L-ascorbate, sodium cyclamate, DL-tryptophan, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, L-thioproline and phenacetin. Allopurinol was the only established promoter that gave negative results in the agglutination assay. Thus, this method is useful for rapid evaluation of the specific promoting effect of a chemical on bladder carcinogenesis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of 90 step-sectioned cystectomized specimens of bladder cancer.

For systematic understanding of papillary superficial carcinoma and nonpapillary invasive carcinoma of the bladder 90 cystectomized specimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were analyzed by step-section. From gross and microscopic observations bladder cancer was classified into 3 types: type 1--multiple papillary superficial carcinomas with or without small areas of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, type 2--multiple coexistent papillary and nonpapillary carcinomas with widespread dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, and type 3--solitary nonpapillary invasive carcinoma without dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Actuarial 5-year survival rates for types 1 to 3 were 97, 50 and 17 per cent, respectively. Although this classification is somewhat overlapping and there is a bias that basic data are obtained from the cystectomized specimens, we believe that such an analysis is necessary for considering the histogenesis and progression of human bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Chemotherapy by bronchial arterial infusion for pulmonary metastases of renal cell carcinoma.

Bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases of renal cell carcinoma were treated by repeated bronchial arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as mitomycin C, carboquone, doxorubicin and nitrosourea. Of 12 patients treated 2 had a complete response, 3 had a partial response, 2 had no change and 5 had progression of the disease. The over-all response rate was 42 per cent. Since metastatic renal cell carcinoma is unresponsive to ordinary treatment bronchial arterial infusion alone or in combination with an operation appears promising.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland with osteoclast-like giant cells--a case report].

A case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland with osteoclast-like giant cells resembling those of a giant cell tumor of the bone is presented. A 79-year-old female had noticed swelling on the left frontal neck. Histological examination of frontal-neck tumor revealed undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland. The patient was treated with a Cobalt 60 unit and received a total tumor dose of 2800 rad. However, because of a rapid increase in size of the tumor and its metastasis, the patient died about 2 months after admission. An autopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor differed from the usual undifferentiated carcinoma of the giant cell type in having osteoclast-like giant cells with many small, uniform, benign appearing nuclei. It is proposed that the osteoclast-like giant cell is reactive rather than neoplastic in nature because of the benign appearance, phagocytotic activity and some ultrastructural features.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Adenocarcinoma of urachus. Report of 7 cases and review of literature.

Seven cases of adenocarcinoma of the urachus treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, over a nineteen-year period are reported. One hundred fifty-five cases reported in English literature and 140 cases in Japanese literature were analyzed with respect to the modalities of treatment, mean remission times, and sites of recurrence or metastases. From this review and experience on the 7 cases reported here, extended radical total cystectomy with well-designed radio- and chemotherapy was proposed for the treatment of this disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

L-Isoleucine and L-leucine are promoters of bladder cancer in rats.

We developed a short term assay for screening promoters of bladder cancer. This assay, in which maintenance of concanavalin A-agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells induced by subcarcinogenic treatment with bladder carcinogen is measured, suggested the possible promoting effects of L-isoleucine, L-leucine, D-tryptophan, and L-valin. Long term in vivo carcinogenesis experiments were carried out on L-isoleucine and L-leucine and it was shown that both were, in fact, promoters of bladder cancer in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Radiation therapy for prostatic cancer.

From 1962 to 1980, 124 patients were hospitalized for treatment of prostatic cancer. Of these, a total of 115 underwent radiation therapy. Thirty-five patients were classified as stages I and II, 12 as stage III, and 77 as stage IV. The five-year survival rate for patients in stages I and II was 72% in the radiation therapy group and 33% in the nonradiation therapy group. In stages III and IV, there was no difference in survival rate between the radiation and nonradiation therapy groups. Histological examination of prostate tissues of patients treated by radiation therapy revealed various degrees of change in the cancer cells, ranging from degeneration to disappearance. The degree of change was not related to the stage of the disease. Also, no histological differences in prostate specimens from patients who received 4,000-5,000 rads versus 5,000-6,000 rads was observed. Rectal examination indicated that radiation therapy was effective in 93% of the patients in stages I and II, 75% in the stage III, and 71% in the stage IV. The rates of reactivation were 28% for stages I and II, 12% for stage III, and 43% for stage IV.

Humans↗