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Biomedical subjects

Y Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishida.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in Japan (1965-1985). A nationwide survey of the number of deaf children with history of maternal rubella attending special schools for the deaf in Japan.

Accurate congenital rubella syndrome surveillance in Japan is of great interest because of the hypothesis that the Japanese rubella virus was less virulent than the strains prevalent in Europe and the Americas 20 years ago. A nationwide survey of deaf children with a history of maternal rubella in special schools for the deaf in Japan yielded a total of 365 deaf school children with congenital rubella syndrome born between 1963 and 1982. The overall average prevalence was 0.31 case per 100,000 population, and the incidence was 0.1-6.1 cases per 100,000 annual live births in Japan. If one considers the decrease in the number of deaf children attending special schools for the deaf because of the recent adoption of the policy of integrating deaf children into ordinary schools, the number of cases of congenital rubella syndrome might actually be much greater than that revealed by this survey and much greater than the 88 cases previously reported in Japan. Among the 365 cases who had deafness, 8.2% were found to have cataract (with and without congenital heart disease), and 11.0% were found to be complicated by congenital heart disease (but without cataract).

Cataract↗
PubMed1986

Interactions among reflex compensatory systems for posthemorrhage hypotension.

The open-loop gains of the carotid sinus, aortic, and cardiopulmonary baroreflex systems defined as the ratio of posthemorrhage hypotension without a reflex to that with the reflex were estimated from experiments with a mild and quick hemorrhage (2 ml/kg body wt in 1-2 s) in 81 pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits. The overall gain when all the nerves were intact was 7.4. After the carotid sinus nerves were sectioned the gain decreased to 3.0. After aortic nerve sectioning, the gain was 2.8, whereas vagotomy decreased it to 3.8. When both the carotid sinus and aortic nerves were cut, the gain was 0.9. When the aortic and vagus nerves were severed, it was 1.8. When the vagus and carotid sinus nerves were cut, it was 1.6. From these gain values the gain of the interacting component between the carotid sinus and aortic reflexes was calculated as 0.4; that between the aortic and cardiopulmonary reflexes was 0.5; and that between the cardiopulmonary and carotid sinus reflexes as 0.1. The gain of the interaction among all of these baroreflex systems was estimated to be 2.1. The results suggest that all these facilitatory interacting components play an important role in restoration of arterial pressure decrease caused by mild hemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Simple screening methods for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies using dried blood spots on filter paper.

Simple methods for the detection of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and/or adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies using dried filter paper blood spots were studied. Enzyme activities in the eluate from dried filter paper blood spots stored for 4 weeks at room conditions were shown to be quite stable. Autoradiographs prepared from dried filter paper blood spots and DE-81 papers soaked with enzyme reaction mixtures containing 14C-hypoxanthine and/or 14C-adenine showed sharp radioactive spots in normal subjects. No activity was evident in the cases of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and/or adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. The methods seem to be suitable for screening.

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase↗
PubMed1986

Temporal and spatial interactions between the carotid sinus and vagally mediated baroreflexes in dogs.

We investigated the temporal and spatial interactions between the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreflex control of arterial pressure in 25 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The carotid sinus baroreceptor region was vascularly isolated to control the intracarotid sinus pressure. A hemorrhage catheter was inserted into the aortic arch. The systemic arterial pressure change after quick mild hemorrhage (2 ml/kg body weight within 1-2 s) was monitored. The open-loop gain of the vagally mediated baroreflex system was estimated from the mean arterial pressure response to the hemorrhage. Three protocols were employed to analyze the interactions. In the first protocol, we determined the effect of different levels of intracarotid sinus pressure on the open-loop gain of the vagally mediated baroreflex system. There was no significant effect. In the second protocol, the open-loop gain of the carotid sinus baroreflex system was determined after vagotomy. In the third protocol, the vagally mediated baroreflex system was activated by the hemorrhage without (spatial interaction) or with (temporal interaction) a delay after changing the intracarotid sinus pressure. The spatial interaction was facilitatory. A temporal interaction was found between the carotid sinus and vagally mediated baroreflex systems, when the delay was less than 30 s.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Embryonal carcinoma (Higuchi, Kato) of the ovary, clinical analysis and recent improvement of treatment using alpha FP as a tumor marker].

Forty-one cases of embryonal carcinoma were analyzed from a clinico-pathological point of view. The clinical stages of the patients were: 21 cases in stage I, 8 in stage II, 11 in stage III and 1 in stage IV. Survival curves were compared in accordance with clinical stages. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between stages I and III, and a significant difference was demonstrated between stages I and II. Embryonal carcinoma in a narrow sense and yolk sac carcinoma were compared in survival curve but there were no significant differences between the two. Cases were divided into two that were pure embryonal carcinoma and embryonal carcinoma with other constituent mixtures. A comparison of these two showed that the mixed type had a better survival curve than the pure type. Effects of treatment in two different periods were compared patients who were treated in 1971-1979 belong to the 1st period group and those treated in 1979-1985 to the 2nd period group. A comparison of these two showed a much better survival curve in the 2nd period group. This difference can be attributed partly to a VAC combination chemotherapy and its maintenance for two years and partly to improvements in the operating technique such as added omentectomy and or the introduction of a second look operation. By measuring alpha FP over the whole clinical course, alpha FP was shown to be a good tumor marker reflecting the patient's condition and aggravation of the patient's condition frequently occurred around or somewhat after 15 weeks after primary surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[The determination of thymidylate synthetase inhibition for testing fluoropyrimidines--pharmacokinetics and metabolism of carmofur (HCFU) in patients with gynecologic malignancies--Tokai HCFU Study Group for Gynecologic Malignancies].

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of carmofur (HCFU) were studied. Sixty-six patients were administered 100 mg of HCFU orally, and the plasma levels of the HCFU fraction (HCFUf) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) were determined at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. The average half-life of HCFUf and 5-FUra were 1.05 and 1.31 hours, and the average areas under the curves (AUC) of the plasma concentration were 6.51 hr X mcg/ml and 0.46 hr X mcg/ml, respectively. Surgical specimens of the tumors were obtained about three hours after the administration and assayed for HCFUf. 5-FUra fluorodeoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), deoxyuridine-monophosphate (dUMP), total thymidylate synthetase (TS total), and non-FdUMP-bound free enzyme (TS free). The TS inhibition rate (IR) was calculated by the follow method: IR = (TS total-TS free)/TS total X 100 levels of the TS total varied from not-detected (less than 0.10 pmol/g) to 20.5 pmol/g. The average FdUMP: dUMP ratio was 3.44 X 10(3), However, more than 80% inhibitions of TS were observed in nine cases (21.4%). The correlation indicates between TS IR and tissue FdUMP level or FdUMP: dUMP ratio were 0.57 and 0.62 in ovarian malignancies respectively. No significant correlations were observed between TS inhibition and levels of tissue 5-FUra or AUC of 5-FUra.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in Japan.

An epidemiological survey of Lesch-Nyhan (L-N) syndrome in Japan was carried out. In the first survey, questionnaires were mailed to the pediatric departments of the university hospitals, homes for mentally retarded children, and city and county medical associations. This study disclosed 41 patients with L-N syndrome and 48 with suspected L-N syndrome. In the second survey, questionnaires were mailed to the institutes that reported cases or suspected cases of L-N syndrome. In 29 of these cases, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity in the patients' erythrocytes was measured. Three cases were confirmed to be L-N syndrome in this study. Among the other confirmed cases, the activities of HPRT had already been determined in 23 cases. In addition to these cases, 10 cases have been reported in the literature, and 16 cases were considered to be with L-N syndrome from their typical clinical features without any determination of HPRT activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of immunotherapy using the non-specific immunopotentiator OK-432 in malignant ovarian tumors--selecting appropriate cases for immunotherapy].

Immunotherapy for malignant ovarian tumors has been discussed in a number of recent studies. However, the effects of this therapy are produced by an indirect mechanism, and are, therefore, difficult to evaluated. In order to select appropriate cases for immunotherapy using OK-432 against malignant ovarian tumors, clinical and experimental studies were carried out. Clinically patients with ovarian cancer were divided into two groups; OK-432 treated group and no immunotherapy groups. As a parameter of immunoresponse to OK-432, PHA and Su-PS skin tests were performed periodically. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was also measured before and after administration of OK-432. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analysed by using monoclonal antibody and a laser flow cytometer. Finally tumor growth velocity was evaluated in tumor transplanted nude mice. The survival rate was used as an index for evaluation. The survival rate of the OK-432 treated groups was better than the control groups in advanced cases, but a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Among fundamental studies which were carried out to select appropriate cases, Su-PS skin test, the NK response of OK-432 seemed to be actually utilized.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A mutant adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis.

In one case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis, reduced adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity was found. The patient's enzyme had normal affinity for adenine but reduced affinity for substrate phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate. It was much more stable at 60 degrees C than control. It seems that erythrocyte adenine phosphoribosyltransferase obtained from the patient may be a variant enzyme.

Adenine↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic significance of nuclear analysis in invasive carcinoma of cervix patients treated by primary radiation.

The value of microspectrophotometric analysis was studied for the assessment of prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with primary radiation therapy. Cellular nuclear desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content and nuclear size were measured in smears taken before, during and immediately after radiation therapy. Additional determination of DNA content/nuclear size ratio was made. Changing patterns of DNA distribution, nuclear size and their ratio were classified into Type I, II, III, and IV, according to the mode of their shifts in the course of radiation therapy. The results showed diploid (47%), polyploid (23%) and aneuploid (30%) DNA distribution in pre-treated carcinomas. Particularly, the results showed a distinct correlation between the type of histograms and patient outcome. Patients with Type II histograms (initial shift to the right and posterior shift to the left) showed a better survival rate and no recurrences compared with other types. On the other hand, patients with Type III histograms (initial shift to the left and posterior shift to the right) had poor prognosis and were predominant among dead cases with radioresistant tumors. These results suggested the potential usefulness of cytophotometric analysis for assessing prognosis in advanced cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human myoglobin using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and patients with various diseases.

A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human myoglobin (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated polystyrene ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the polystyrene ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to human sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in various diseases was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative responsiveness of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control system to quick mild hemorrhage and infusion in conscious rabbits.

The responsiveness of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control system to hemorrhage and infusion was investigated. Two catheters, one for pressure measurement and the other for inducing hemorrhage and infusion, were chronically implanted in 19 rabbits. A few days after the operation, each animal was quickly bled and transfused (2 ml/kg body weight) at intervals of 5 min while it was conscious. The hemorrhage-infusion experiment was repeated 16 times in each animal. The 16 strings of data were pooled for each animal. The overall open-loop gains (G) of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control system were estimated from the individually pooled responses to hemorrhage and infusion. There was no significant difference between the G-values, i.e., 7.2 +/- 1.2 by hemorrhage and 7.1 +/- 1.2 by infusion (mean +/- SD), as evaluated by the paired t-test (p greater than 0.5). Thus, the responsiveness of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control system to quick mild hemorrhage and to infusion appears to be similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Skeletal muscle pathology of mannosidosis in two siblings with spastic paraplegia.

Deficiency of alpha-D-mannosidase was found in two siblings with muscle weakness and spastic paraplegia. A biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle was studied by light and electron microscopy. Cryostat sections showed mild fiber size variation but no necrosis. Semithin Epon sections revealed many vacuoles in the muscle cells and fibroblasts. Electron microscopy showed that the vacuoles, presumably lysosomal, had a single limiting membrane and contained finely granular or granulo-reticular material, membranous structures, and electron-dense ovoids. The vacuoles were identical with those in lymphocytes and other cells of patients with mannosidosis. Disorganization of sarcomere alignment and widening of intermyofibrillar spaces were also observed. Deficiency of alpha-D-mannosidase is considered to cause slowly progressing degeneration of muscle fibers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Biphasic contraction of isolated guinea pig tracheal chains by superoxide radical.

The effects of free radicals on the isolated tracheal chains from guinea pigs were examined in in vitro experiments. When isolated tracheal chains were exposed to the hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase system, biphasic contraction was observed. This contraction was prevented by adding superoxide dismutase. However, catalase, mannitol, and indomethacin were ineffective in preventing the contraction due to free radicals. The uric acid plus uricase system had no effect on tracheal muscle tension. These results suggest that superoxide radical contracts tracheal chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Severe impairment in adenine metabolism with a partial deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.

Among three unrelated patients with recurrent 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis, two completely lacked adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in both erythrocytes and proliferative T cells. The third patient possessed significant enzyme activities in both hemolysates and T-cell extracts at levels comparable to heterozygotes for complete APRT deficiency. Despite significant APRT activities in cell extracts, cultured T cells from the third patient were at least 100-fold more resistant than normal T cells to an adenine analog, 6-methylpurine, whose cytotoxicity is dependent on APRT. These data indicate that APRT activity in T cells from the third patient is positive in cell extracts, but apparently not operating in viable cells. Although the cells from the patients with complete APRT deficiency were as resistant to 6-methylpurine as the cells from the third patient, the cells from the heterozygotes for complete APRT deficiency were almost as sensitive as normal T cells. Therefore, adenine metabolism in the third patient but not in the heterozygotes seems to be as severely impaired as in the patients with complete APRT deficiency, which is quite consistent with the clinical manifestations in these individuals.

Adenine↗
PubMed1985

Antigen analyses of serotypes of streptococcus mutans using a monoclonal antibody elaborated against serotype g polysaccharide antigen.

A hybridoma (F4B) which produced a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for serotype g carbohydrate antigen (RRg) of Streptococcus mutans 6715 was obtained. The F4B mAb cross-reacted with purified carbohydrate antigens of serotype d (RRd) and serotype h (TCAh). In immunodiffusion tests, F4B mAb produced a stable precipitin band with RRg, while the band developed between the mAb and RRd/TCAh in the cold disappeared when incubated at room temperature. The immunoprecipitin reaction between F4B mAb and RRg was strongly inhibited upon addition of lactose.

Animals↗