Biomedical subjects

Y Nakae

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nakae.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

The diverse Michaelis constants and maximum velocities of lactate dehydrogenase in situ in various types of cell.

The kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase in mouse cardiac muscle fibres, skeletal muscle fibres, gastric parietal cells, parotid gland ductal and acinar cells, oocytes and mouse and human hepatocytes were studied as a function of substrate concentration in sections of unfixed mouse and human tissues incubated at 37 degrees C on lactate agarose gel films. The absorbances of the final reaction products deposited in single cells of various types were measured continuously as a function of incubation time using an image analysis system. The initial velocities (vi) of the dehydrogenase were calculated from two equations deduced previously by us, vi = a1 zero A (equation 1) and vi = v + a2 zero A (equation 2), where v and zero A are, respectively, the gradient (steady-state velocity) and intercept of the linear regression line of absorbance on time for incubation times between 1 and 3 min, and a1 and a2 are constants characteristic for each cell type. Hanes plots using vi calculated from equation 2 gave more consistent estimates of the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) than those employing either steady-state velocity measurements or vi calculated from equation 1. The Km thus found for mouse skeletal muscle fibres (10.4-12.5 mM) and hepatocytes (14.3-16.7 mM) agreed well with values determined previously in biochemical assays. However, the Km for cardiac muscle fibres (13.4 mM) was higher. The Km of the enzyme in gastric parietal cells, parotid gland cells and oocytes was in the range 7.6-9.7 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Trypsin(ogen) content of pancreatic calculi in chronic calcified pancreatitis in man.

Protein analysis of intraductal precipitates and calculi is important to elucidate the mechanism of stone formation in chronic pancreatitis. We revealed human cationic trypsin immunoreactivity in protein extracts of pancreatic stones from 11 of 13 patients with chronic calcified pancreatitis, ranging from 0 to 42.3 ng/micrograms protein. On gel filtration the immunoreactivity eluted as one peak, which is identical to that of human cationic trypsinogen. On immunostaining of pancreatic stone, using an immunogold technic and scanning electron microscopy, the immunoreactivity was observed more densely in the amorphous portion of the center of the stones than in the concentric laminar layer of the periphery. Only negligible activity was detected for elastase 1 or amylase in the stone extracts. These results suggest that the presence of trypsinogen in pancreatic stone is not due to coprecipitation or adsorption of pancreatic enzymes but that trypsinogen is more likely involved in an initial step of intraductal precipitate formation than in a subsequent step of stone formation. However, the absence of trypsinogen in the stones from two of the 13 patients also suggests that trypsinogen is not the sole protein initiating precipitate formation.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Monitoring serum tryptic activity and effect of trypsin inhibitor on rat acute pancreatitis.

The effect of a novel synthetic trypsin inhibitor, 4-(2-succinimidoethylthio)-phenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate methanesulfonate (E3123), on severe acute pancreatitis was studied in trypsin-taurocholate-induced acute experimental pancreatitis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups according to difference of subdivided doses of E3123 with fixing the total dose at 3 mg/kg body weight. Group A: 1.5 mg/kg of E3123 subcutaneously (SC) each at 1 h before and after induction of pancreatitis. Group B: 1 mg/kg SC each at 1 h before, 1 and 3 h after induction. Group C: 1.5 mg/kg SC each at 1 and 3 h after induction. Group D: 1.5 mg/kg SC each at 3 and 5 h after induction of pancreatitis. The survival rate at 24 h was significantly improved in group B (77% in group B, vs. 36% in paired control; p < 0.01) and in group C (70 vs. 38%; p < 0.05), but not in group A or D. Residual tryptic activity of serum alpha 2-macroglobulin trypsin complex (alpha 2M-TRY) was reduced after the injection of E3123 though immunoreactive trypsin remained unchanged in the early phase of pancreatitis. The reduction of alpha 2M-TRY reflected the inhibitory capacity of E3123 in plasma. E3123 showed favorable effects on the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis and the effects were probably based on the inhibition of alpha 2M-TRY activity in serum.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[Early detection of pancreatic cancer by serum markers].

Serum markers such as pancreatic enzymes and tumor markers are useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Among 40 cases of pancreatic cancer, elevated values were observed for immunoreactive elastase (IRE) in 70% and for CA19-9 in 73%. Elevated serum IRE was observed more frequently in head cancer and resectable cancer, whereas elevation in CA19-9 occurred more often in body-tail cancer and unresectable cancer. Elevation of serum IRE and CA19-9 are useful for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer but it is not specific for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we studied the clinical usefulness of a combination assay of various serum markers such as CA19-9, lipase, serum iron, amylase, albumin globulin ratio, tissue polypeptide antigen, immunoreactive trypsin, and CA125 using the logistic regression analysis. This assay showed higher sensitivity and high specificity for pancreatic cancer than CA19-9. This combination assay may be very useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Amylases↗

PubMed1994

Current status of pancreatic stone protein.

Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) has been argued to play a crucial role in intraductal pancreatic stone formation in chronic pancreatitis. PSP was initially reported to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation from human pancreatic juice and to be decreased in pancreatic secretions from patients with chronic pancreatitis. Recent clinical investigations have further demonstrated elevation of PSP in the serum and urine of patients with renal disease as well as pancreatic disease. However, the PSP reduction in pancreatic secretion in chronic pancreatitis remains controversial. Therefore, we review the current concept of PSP.

Calcium-Binding Proteins↗

PubMed1994

[Study of administration of buprenorphine suppository for postoperative pain relief following transvaginal hysterectomy].

Buprenorphine suppository (BSP) has been available as an analgesic agent in Japan since 1990. It has gained considerable popularity in various clinical situations; however, its usefulness for postoperative pain relief has been controversial. The present study is addressed to postoperative pain in fifty-seven women who underwent transvaginal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia with tetracaine and phenylephrine. We examined the analgesic effects of buprenorphine (0.4 mg) suppository. Patients were divided into four groups according to the timing of buprenorphine suppository administration: group A1, preoperative administration of BSP, n = 12; group A2, postoperative administration of BSP, n = 17; group A3, intravenous injection of 0.1 mg of buprenorphine during surgery and postoperative administration of BSP, n = 14; group C, control group, n = 14. All the patients in group C complained of pain within 24 hr. The onset time of pain after surgery was significantly longer in patients in group A1 (372 +/- 220 min) and A3 (481 +/- 161 min) than in control group C (282 +/- 97 min). The percentage of patients who did not complain of pain within 24 hr was the largest in group A3 (36%). However there were no significant differences in age, body weight, effective analgesic time, analgesic level or operation time among the four groups. Nausea and vomiting were observed in all groups: C (36%), A1 (41%), A2 (18%), and A3 (29%). From these results, we conclude that preoperative or intraoperative administration of buprenorphine is useful for control of postoperative pain; the method of administration of buprenorphine suppository needs further study.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Open heart surgery in patient with hyperthyroidism].

A 57-yr-old male with atrial septal defect (ASD) was scheduled for the patch closure operation. The patient had a history of hyperthyroidism due to giant adenoma of the thyroid gland. The patient was controlled under euthyroid state by thiamazole for four years. With this treatment, his thyroid function became normal and he was doing well for over the last seven years. On the morning of the day of operation, thiamazole was given orally to this patient. When the ASD patch closure was performed, the examination of his thyroid gland revealed hypothyroidism, but the operation could be performed without any thyroidal trouble. After the operation thiamazole was given intramuscularly to this patient and from the next day it was continued orally. Thyroid storm did not occur after the operation until discharge. We conclude that in a case of heart disease with hyperthyroidism, it is important to keep the patient's thyroid function under normal for a long time before surgery.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

The effect of behavioural state on general movements in healthy full-term newborns. A polymyographic study.

In a group a eight healthy full-term newborns 6-h polygraphic recordings, which included EMG recording of eight arm muscles, were made to investigate the effect of behavioural state on general movement (GM) organization. Simultaneous video recordings supplied information about the form of the GMs. Additionally the effect of non-nutritive sucking during State 4 was evaluated. Behavioural state had a distinct effect on the makeup of GMs. GMs during State 4 displayed best the fluency and elegance which are characteristic of normal GMs. State-1-GMs were rare, had a short duration and sometimes had an abrupt onset. During State 2 GMs had a fragmented appearance. EMG differences between GMs in State 2 and State 4 were demonstrated in burst duration (longer during State 2) and tonic background activity in the upper arm muscles (lower during State 2). Occasionally State-2-GMs had an abrupt onset. These abrupt GMs were less often preceded by rapid eye movements and heart rate changes than State-2-GMs with a gradual onset. GMs during State 5 were abrupt and vigorous and often had a high frequency tremor superimposed. The EMGs of State-5-GMs revealed a shorter interval between the EMG bursts and a higher EMG burst amplitude in the upper arm muscles than present during State-4-GMs. Non-nutritive sucking during State 4 induced a reduction of movement amplitude, a increase of EMG burst duration and an increase of tonic background activity in the biceps brachii and the extensor carpi muscles.

Behavior↗

PubMed1993

Enzyme immunoassay and characterization of pancreatic stone proteins in human urine.

An enzyme immunoassay of pancreatic stone protein (PSP) in human urine was developed. Mean analytical recovery of pure PSP-S2-5 added to urine was 102.3% (SD 5.9%), and the precision of the assay was 2.0-2.7% within an assay and 2.5-2.9% between assays. In healthy volunteers (age 20-55 years), the mean value of the PSP concentration, expressed as ratios to urine creatinine, was 129 +/- 88 (mean +/- SD) micrograms/g without any differences for sex. Urine PSP correlated with urine N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) (r = 0.354). The molecular forms of immunoreactive PSP in urine were characterized by using cation exchange chromatography (Mono S), SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequence, and enzyme immunoassay analysis. The urine PSP, eluted at the position corresponding to PSP-S2-5 on cation exchange chromatography, was converted to PSP-S1 by trypsin digestion. The difference in mobility on SDS-PAGE between urine PSP and PSP-S2-5 seems to be due to a glycosylated undecapeptide (N-terminal 1-11). The proposed method offers a sensitive, specific, and reproducible tool for laboratory analysis of human urine PSP levels.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed1993

Estimating the initial reaction velocity of a soluble dehydrogenase in situ.

The initial reaction velocities (vi) of lactate dehydrogenase in single hepatocytes were determined, by microdensitometry or computer-assisted image analysis, in sections of unfixed mouse liver incubated at 37 degrees C on substrate-containing agarose gel films. They were found to fit the equations vi = 2.82 degrees A and vi = vi + 2 degrees A, where vi and degrees A are, respectively, the gradients (or steady-state linear velocities) and the intercepts on the absorbance axis of the linear regression lines of the absorbance (A) on incubation time plots for incubation times between 1 and 3 min. Both equations were independent of section thickness between 4 and 14 microns. The observed and calculated values of vi agreed within 11.5% (n = 71). The validity of the equations for vi was confirmed by showing that the calculated vi was proportional to the thickness of the section and hence the amount of enzyme present. Thus, vi can be determined from measurements of either degrees A alone or vi and degrees A.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Kinetic analysis of lactate dehydrogenase in situ in mouse liver determined with a quantitative histochemical technique.

The kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase in situ were studied in sections of unfixed liver of the male mouse using a quantitative histochemical technique. The sections were incubated on substrate-containing gel films. The absorbance of the final reaction products deposited in a single hepatocyte was measured continuously during the incubation as a function of incubation time using a scanning microdensitometer. The absorbance increased non-linearly during the first minute of incubation, but linearly for at least the next 3 min afterwards. The initial velocity (vi) of the dehydrogenase was calculated from two equations proposed previously by us, vi = 2.82 degrees A and vi = vi + 2 degrees A, where vi and degrees A are, respectively, the gradient and intercept of the linear regression line of absorbance on time for incubation times between 1 and 3 min. The dependence of vi on lactate concentration gave the following mean kinetic constants. For periportal hepatocytes, the apparent Km = 14 mM and Vmax = 80 mumoles hydrogen equivalents formed cm-3 hepatocyte cytoplasm min-1. For pericentral hepatocytes, Km = 12 mM and Vmax = 87 mumoles hydrogen equivalents cm-3 min-1. The Km values are very similar to those determined previously from biochemical assays. The concentrations of the enzyme in single hepatocytes calculated from the Vmax values are in good agreement with those obtained by another method. These data substantiate the validity of our equations.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Longitudinal changes of plasma pancreatic enzymes and hormones in experimental pancreatolithiasis in dogs.

Plasma pancreatic enzymes and hormones were longitudinally observed after producing partial obstruction of the major pancreatic duct in dogs to study an initial state of chronic pancreatitis or pancreatolithiasis. Fasting plasma immunoreactive cationic trypsin was elevated during the first six months and then decreased in a subgroup with pancreatic calculi, marked fibrosis, or duct dilatation when compared with the corresponding opposite at the end of the 12-month period. Similar but less prominent changes were found in fasting plasma immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (IRPP). Plasma amylase, glucose, or immunoreactive insulin or glucagon (IRG) show no significant variation. Plasma IRG and IRPP responses to intravenous insulin were reduced in the subgroups with marked pancreatic changes towards the end of the 12-month period. These results suggest that plasma pancreatic enzymes and hormones remain elevated as long as pancreatic damage is mild and then start to decline as the damage progresses in chronic pancreatitis or pancreatolithiasis.

Amylases↗

PubMed1993

Serum pancreatic stone protein in pancreatic diseases.

Serum pancreatic stone protein (PSP) was determined in sera of pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases using enzyme immunoassay specific to human PSP to study the diagnostic and pathophysiological significance of PSP. Serum PSP in acute pancreatitis (mean +/- SD = 1075.4 +/- 2849.1 ng/mL, n = 33) was significantly higher than that in controls (78.6 +/- 31.8 ng/mL, n = 37, p < 0.01), chronic pancreatitis (156.8 +/- 82.8 ng/mL, n = 32, p < 0.05), and pancreatic cancer (148.468.8 ng/mL, n = 26, p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between noncalcified and calcified chronic pancreatitis. Serum PSP levels were significantly higher in chronic renal failure under hemodialysis (1796.0 +/- 1492.9 ng/mL) than in other diseases such as peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, gallstone, and diabetes mellitus. Low but significant correlation was obtained between serum PSP and serum immunoreactive trypsin (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). Increased serum PSP levels in acute pancreatitis and chronic renal failure suggest that serum PSP levels reflect reflex from pancreatic secretion, release from damaged pancreatic acinar cells, or retention in circulation, and can be useful for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but not chronic calcified pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Morphometric development of the human auditory system: ventral cochlear nucleus.

The development of the human cochlear nucleus was studied in serial sections of the brain of 12 fetuses at 12-40 weeks of gestation, an infant at 2 months of age and an adult of 63 years using an electronic planimeter with a computer. Morphometric analysis of the development of the ventral cochlear nucleus showed that its development accelerates after 18 weeks of gestation in terms of columnar volume, columnar length, neuronal number and neuronal size.

Auditory Pathways↗

PubMed1993

Structural study of the N-linked oligosaccharides of hepatocyte growth factor by two-dimensional sugar mapping.

The structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides on recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rh-HGF) expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were studied by two-dimensional sugar mapping. The oligosaccharides released from the glycopeptides by peptide: N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) treatment were tagged with 2-aminopyridine at the reducing ends. The alpha-chain was linked by biantennary, triantennary, and tetraantennary oligosaccharides, but the dominant oligosaccharides linking the beta-chain were biantennary (> 85%). There was no significant difference in oligosaccharide structures between the two glycosylation sites on each chain, that is, Asn263 and Asn371 on the alpha-chain, and Asn535 and Asn622 on the beta-chain. The linkage of sialic acid to the non-reducing terminal galactose was identified as NeuAc alpha(2-3) by 1H-NMR spectrometry. The structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides from rat HGF were also studied. Triantennary oligosaccharides were obtained from the alpha-chain and a biantennary oligosaccharide was obtained from the beta-chain. This result indicates that the alpha-chain is also linked by higher branched oligosaccharides than the beta-chain in rat HGF.

Aminopyridines↗

PubMed1993

Effect of a new synthetic trypsin inhibitor on taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

The effect of a novel synthetic trypsin inhibitor, 4-sulfamoylphenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate methanesulfonate (ONO-3307), on severe acute pancreatitis was studied by changing its timing, frequency, and dose in trypsin-taurocholate-induced acute experimental pancreatitis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups according to difference of ONO-3307 administration: group A, 2 mg/0.5 ml of ONO-3307 s.c. 1 h before and after induction of pancreatitis; group B, 2 mg/0.5 ml s.c. 1 and 3 h after; group C, 4 mg/1 ml s.c. 1 h before; group D, 4 mg/1 ml s.c. 1 h after. The survival rate at 24 h was significantly improved in group A (75% in A vs. 17% in control; p < 0.01) and in group B (57 vs. 29%; p < 0.05), but not in group C or D. Amylase and immunoreactive trypsin in serum and ascites of the treated were significantly lower than those of controls in both groups A and B. The survival rates were improved dose dependently when ONO-3307 was administered 1 h before and after induction of pancreatitis. ONO-3307 showed favorable effects on the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis when given in divided doses to maintain the effective serum levels.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Stereotypical lower-limb movements of a child with Arnold-Chiari malformation.

A one-year-old boy with Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with hydrocephalus and meningocele presented with characteristic stereotypical alternating movements of the lower limbs. The movements were not considered to be epileptic, but to derive from a locomotion pattern-generator in the spinal cord. Persistence of the stereotypical movements implied some deficit of the upper-motor pathways, although the lesion responsible could not be determined.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗

PubMed1993

The effect of somatostatin analogue octreotide on amylase secretion from mouse pancreatic acini.

To clarify whether somatostatin has an inhibitory effect on pancreatic acinar cells, we studied the effect of a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, octreotide, on amylase secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic acini. Octreotide (100 nM) had no inhibitory effects on amylase secretion stimulated by secretin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), while reducing the increase of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). On the other hand, octreotide inhibited synergistic amylase secretion induced by secretin or VIP in combination with cholecystokinin (CCK). Octreotide also reduced synergistic amylase secretion by secretin or VIP in combination with calcium ionophore A23187. CCK and A23187 did not alter the increase of cAMP induced by secretin and the inhibitory effect of octreotide on cAMP production. Octreotide did not significantly inhibit amylase secretion stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) alone, but reduced synergistic amylase secretion by dbcAMP+A23187. Results obtained above reveal that octreotide has a direct inhibitory effect on amylase secretion from mouse pancreatic acini and probably affects stimulus secretion coupling at a point distal to the production of cAMP, besides inhibiting adenylate cyclase.

Amylases↗