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Biomedical subjects

Y Nakae

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nakae.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Optimal conditions for collection of blood samples for assay of alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complex-like substance (MTLS).

We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the specific quantification of alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complex-like substance (MTLS). To exclude artifacts in measured values of MTLS, the conditions for collection of blood samples are critical. In the present study, we have determined the optimal conditions for blood collection and investigated the role of MTLS as a clinical tool for diagnosis in pancreatitis. Results obtained are as follows: (1) MTLS levels of all sera were more than 10-fold higher than the corresponding plasma; (2) MTLS levels of heparinized plasma were the lowest among plasma with three anticoagulants (sodium citrate, sodium EDTA and heparin); (3) some kinds of blood collection tubes containing heparin were not suitable for the sampling; (4) MTLS values of plasma obtained by blood collection tubes containing Trasylol and sodium EDTA were demonstrated more stable and lower than those obtained by heparin tubes; and (5) under these conditions, we can exclude elevation of MTLS values caused by inappropriate blood sampling and find the time course of the elevation reflecting clinical course of a patient with acute pancreatitis and a patient after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The optimal conditions for collection of blood samples were as follows. Blood sampling should be performed by blood collection tubes containing Trasylol (50 microliters/ml blood) and sodium EDTA (1.5 mg/ml blood). The samples were immediately stored at 4 degrees C and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 min. The plasma were stored in plastic tubes at 4 degrees C until assayed.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1996

Plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexlike substance (MTLS) in pancreatic disease.

alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexlike substance (MTLS) was determined in plasma of pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases using a two-step enzyme immunoassay to study the diagnostic and pathophysiological significance of MTLS. Plasma levels of MTLS in acute pancreatitis (mean +/- SD = 265.6 +/- 346.2 ng/ ml, n = 9), calcified chronic pancreatitis (128.6 +/- 257.4, n = 13), and noncalcified chronic pancreatitis (13.5 +/- 12.5, n = 10) were significantly higher than that in controls (3.6 +/- 1.8, n = 81). In other diseases such as gastric cancer, hepatoma, diabetes mellitus, and gallstones, MTLS values were not different from those of control. Plasma MTLS values showed low correlation with serum trypsin, elastase 1, pancreatic amylase, lipase, and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). The elevation of plasma MTLS values in acute pancreatitis suggests that plasma MTLS levels reflect that protease is inappropriately activated in pancreatic acinar cell and released into the circulation and that the determination of MTLS can be useful for diagnosis and pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Breath hydrogen and methane excretion produced by commercial beverages containing dietary fiber.

Soft drinks containing dietary fiber are popular in Japan. There seem to be two types, one containing polydextrose and the other, oligosaccharide. These beverages are claimed to be useful for constipation or obesity, but data are scanty. We examined four such fiber-containing beverages [Fibe-mini Otsuka Pharmaceuticals (Tokyo, Japan), Seni and Oligo Takeda Food Engineering (Osaka, Japan), Oligo CC (Calpis Food Engineering, Tokyo, Japan), and Sapitus 5289 Nakakita Pharmaceuticals (Nagoga, Japan)] for large intestine fermentability by measuring breath hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4). Five healthy subjects (two men, three women, 22-48 years old) participated in the study. Breath H2 and CH4 were measured with a MicroLyzer (Quintron Instruments, Milwaukee, Wis.). Breath H2 increased within 2h of beverage consumption, but CH4 excretion was observed in only two subjects. Orocecal transit time was constant for all beverages. Total H2 plus CH4 excretion (AUC; area under the curve) after lactulose was 1294 +/- 250 ppm x min/g fiber. AUC for Oligo CC was significantly greater than that for Fibe-mini or Sapitus 5289 (P < 0.05). The AUCs of Fibe-mini, Seni and Oligo, Oligo CC, and Sapitus 5289 were 41%, 129%, 174%, and 40%, respectively, that of lactulose. It is concluded that commercial fiber-containing drinks produce H2, and CH4 in some people. Oligosaccharide produces more H2 and CH4 than polydextrose.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of the Jackson-Rees circuit, the pediatric circle, and the MERA F breathing system for pediatric anesthesia.

The purpose of this study was to compare the Jackson-Rees circuit with the pediatric circle and MERA F breathing system (MERA F system) for pediatric anesthesia from the viewpoint of work of breathing (WOB). Twenty-three children (2-10 yr old) were studied during spontaneous breathing under endotracheal anesthesia with 4 L/min nitrous oxide, 2 L/min oxygen, and 1% end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane. WOB, inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance, dynamic compliance (CDYN), pressure time product (PTP), and arterial blood gasses were measured in the three circuits. The inspiratory WOB was estimated directly by measuring the esophageal pressure-volume loop using the Campbell technique. In a laboratory study, we measured the compliances of the Jackson-Rees circuit, the pediatric circle, the MERA F system, and the adult circuit. WOB differed among the three circuits (MERA F system > pediatric circle > Jackson-Rees circuit). Inspiratory and expiratory resistances, and arterial carbon dioxide tension in the Jackson-Rees circuit were significantly lower than those of both the pediatric circle and MERA F system. The CDYN and PTP in the MERA F system were significantly higher than those in both the Jackson-Rees circuit and the pediatric circle. The MERA F system had significantly higher compliance than the Jackson-Rees circuit and pediatric circle. It is concluded that the Jackson-Rees circuit is most efficient, the pediatric circle is intermediate, and the MERA F system is the least efficient from the viewpoint of WOB during spontaneous breathing for pediatric anesthesia.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1996

Effects of a bradykinin receptor antagonist (HOE140) on taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

The effect of a potent and long-acting bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist (HOE140) on acute pancreatitis induced by retrograde infusion of trypsin and taurocholate into the pancreatic duct was studied in rats. HOE140 was administered subcutaneously immediately before and 3 h after the induction of pancreatitis and the systemic blood pressure, ascites volume, serum amylase, 24-h survival rate, and pathology of the pancreas were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of bradykinin increased significantly 15 min after the induction of pancreatitis and decreased to basal levels at 90 min. HOE140 (0.1 mg/kg) alleviated hypotension developing immediately after the induction of pancreatitis and reduced the ascites volume. The 24-h survival rate in rats treated with 0.1 mg/kg HOE140 (70.3%) was significantly higher than that in controls (35.6%). Treatment with 0.01, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg of HOE140, however, had no beneficial effect on the survival rate. Ascites volume, serum amylase, and pathology of the pancreas at 24 h were not improved by treatment with HOE140. These data suggest that HOE140 may improve the survival rate by maintaining hemodynamics in the early stage of experimental acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Hopkins syndrome: T2-weighted high intensity of anterior horn on spinal MR imaging.

Hopkins syndrome is a poliomyelitis-like illness manifesting flaccid paralysis of an extremity in the recovery stage after an asthmatic attack. A 7-year-old boy who developed acute flaccid paralysis of the left upper extremity 4 days after an asthmatic attack is reported. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed a local high-intensity area in the left anterior horn at the C4 to C6 level. There have been few pathologic or radiologic studies of this syndrome. We suspect that the cause is an anterior horn lesion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Pancreatic stone protein and lactoferrin in human pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis.

Lactoferrin and pancreatic stone protein (PSP) are thought to be closely related to pancreatic stone formation in chronic pancreatitis. However, the results reported so far have not been conclusive. To reevaluate the pathological importance of PSP in chronic pancreatitis, compared to lactoferrin, levels of PSP were determined by applying an immunoassay specific to PSP to pure pancreatic juice taken from a total of 52 patients. The patients consisted of 16 controls, 19 chronic pancreatitis patients (13 noncalcified and 6 calcified), and 17 probable cases of pancreatitis. The monoclonal antibody PSP antagonist used in the study recognizes both forms of the protein, PSP S1 and S2-5, with equal effectiveness. No significant reduction of PSP was observed in either calcified (mean +/- SEM, 111 +/- 30 micrograms/mg and 24 +/- 3 micrograms/mg protein) or noncalcified (305 +/- 133 and 97 +/- 47) chronic pancreatitis patients compared with controls (85 +/- 23 and 34 +/- 16). PSP levels did not decrease, at least not in the complete forms of the protein found in chronic pancreatitis. PSP antibody and assay results indicated that a reduction of PSP S2-5 alone could not be ruled out in chronic pancreatitis either.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Activation of trypsinogen in experimental models of acute pancreatitis in rats.

Trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) concentration and alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complex (alpha 2M-T) activity were measured in two experimental models of acute pancreatitis in rats to evaluate the significance of activation of trypsinogen in acute pancreatitis. TAP concentration and alpha 2M-T activity in serum rose significantly in trypsin-taurocholate-induced hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis, while in cerulein-induced edematous acute pancreatitis they did not rise in spite of a similar increase in immunoreactive trypsin. When rats in trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis were treated by protease inhibitor (FUT-175; nafamostat mesilate; FUT group), alpha 2M-T activity in serum was significantly lower than that in nontreated controls (mean +/- SEM, 20.8 +/- 1.43 U/L in the FUT group vs 79.1 +/- 24.5 in controls; p < 0.01). The survival rate at 24 h was significantly improved in the FUT group compared with the controls (70 vs 43%; p < 0.05). The increase in TAP concentration in the FUT group was similar to that in controls. The TAP concentration in pancreatic tissue at 24 h was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the survival group (7.8 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) than in the lethal group (25.9 +/- 3.7 ng/ml). Activation of trypsinogen and its subsequent enzyme activity play an important role in the evolution of severe acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

The kinetics of enzymes in situ, with special reference to lactate and succinate dehydrogenases.

The kinetics of two enzyme systems in situ that have been studied with real-time image analysis systems are reviewed in detail. The enzymes are a structurally-bound mitochondrial enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and a soluble cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The image analysis system is used to capture successive images of a tissue section at constant time intervals whilst it is being incubated on a substrate-containing gel film. The increasing absorbances of the final reaction products in each cell are measured in the successive images as a function of incubation time. The absorbances of the formazan reaction products formed by SDH, for example, in sections of liver determined by such means increase linearly during the first minute of incubation, but non-linearly afterwards. The initial velocities of SDH in single hepatocytes in sections incubated on gel substrate films are calculated from the activities during the first 20 s of incubation. In contrast, the activities of LDH measured in various cell types, including hepatocytes, with the gel film technique increase nonlinearly during the first minute of incubation, but linearly for incubation times between 1 and 3 min. The initial velocities (vi) of LDH in single cells can be, calculated, however from the activities during the first interval, 10 s, of the image capturing sequence. Unfortunately, the experimental errors of the initial velocities of LDH determined in this way are relatively high. To overcome this problem, we have found empirically that the equations vi = a1oA and vi = v + a2oA enable reliable initial velocities (vi) of the LDH reaction in single cells of various types to be calculated using the data of the linear activities for incubation times between 1 and 3 min. Dependence of the initial velocities of the SDH and LDH reactions on substrate concentrations gave the Michaelis constants (Km) and maximum velocities (Vmax). The Km values determined in situ for SDH in hepatocytes and for LDH in various cell types with the gel film technique are in the same order of magnitude as the corresponding values determined biochemically. The constants a1, a2 and Km of LDH are characteristic for each cell type and seem to be related to the intracellular localization of the enzyme and to its ligand-binding rather than to the different isozyme compositions in various cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity during femoral neck prosthetic replacement using bone cement.

To assess the blood coagulative and fibrinolytic responses during cemented femoral neck replacement, we measured these parameters in 9 patients, including anti-thrombin III (AT-III), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) before surgery, just before packing bone cement and after the insertion of the prosthesis. We also measured thrombin-anti-thrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), and D-dimer. A significant increase in APTT, and decrease in AT-III and PT were observed before the insertion of bone cement and prosthesis. The value of TAT and D-dimer increased significantly after the insertion of the prosthesis, but there were no significant changes in PIC. The data suggest that blood coagulation is activated after the insertion of bone cement and prosthesis into the femoral shaft, and in addition, the fibrinolysis is also accelerated secondary to the activation of the coagulation. Further investigations are needed to establish whether the activation of the coagulation induced by the cemented replacement exerts a great influence on the appearance of pulmonary thrombosis or circulatory depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of intubating condition under sevoflurane and halothane anesthesia in pediatric patients].

We compared intubating conditions under sevoflurane (group S) and halothane (group H) anesthesia in pediatric patients for otorhinolaryngological surgery. One hundred and six patients were divided randomly into group S (n = 60) and group H (n = 46). Anesthesia was induced with nitrous oxide-oxygen-sevoflurane (GOS, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration; 4.5%) or nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane (GOF, end-tidal halothane concentration; 1.6%). Intubating conditions were assessed according to the intubation score, which consists of the following three factors; mouth opening, visibility of vocal cord and body movement. Each factor is divided into three grades (0, 1, 2); total scores of 0 correspond to excellent. In comparing the groups with respect to anesthetic induction, group S required 180 sec for disappearance of spontaneous breathing and 660 sec for completion of intubation, while, in group H, the above time intervals were 188 and 676 sec, respectively. We achieved significantly better intubating conditions in group H than group S. There were significantly more cases in group S than in group H in which vocal cord visibility was insufficient. Body movement during intubation was observed in 27% and 26% of patients in group S and H, respectively. In conclusion, halothane anesthesia provides better intubating conditions than sevoflurane anesthesia in slow induction for pediatric patients.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Hemodynamic and blood gas changes during femoral neck prosthetic replacement using a cement gun].

We investigated hemodynamic and blood gas changes in eight patients undergoing femoral neck prosthetic replacement. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output and blood gas before packing bone cement with a cement gun and 5, 10, and 15 min after the insertion of the prosthesis. Significant increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure, and arterial PCO2 were observed, but there were no significant changes in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, or arterial PaO2. These pulmonary circulatory and blood gas alterations suggested that pulmonary embolism or pulmonary vasospasm had been brought about by the insertion of the prosthesis, but this did not result in systemic changes in the patients in this study. In conclusion, it is recommended to monitor circulatory and respiratory changes closely to detect pulmonary embolism during femoral neck prosthetic replacement using a cement gun.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of preoperative treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin in patients undergoing hemodilutional autologous transfusion].

This study evaluated whether a combination of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and hemodilutional autologous transfusion could reduce homologous blood transfusion in 37 patients who underwent elective urological surgery. A single dose of 6000 IU rHuEPO was administered 2 weeks before operation to patients whose preoperative hemoglobin was less than 12.0 g.dl-1 (8.5-12.0 g.dl-1) (EPO group, n = 15) and compared these with control subjects whose preoperative hemoglobin was more than 12.0 g.dl-1 (non-EPO group, n = 22). Both hemoglobin and hematocrit levels after administration of rHuEPO in the EPO group increased significantly to the same levels as in those in the non-EPO group and remained at these levels. The mean volume of donated autologous blood was 980 g in the EPO group and 110 g in the non-EPO group. The mean surgical blood loss was 1330 g in the EPO group and 1120 g in the non-EPO group. No homologous blood transfusion was required in 80 percent of the cases in both groups: however, homologous transfusions were added to 3 cases in the EPO group and 4 cases in the non-EPO group whose surgical blood loss was over 2500 g. We conclude that the combination of preoperative rHuEPO treatment and hemodilutional autologous transfusion can reduce homologous transfusion during surgery in anemic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Serum trypsin].

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Humans↗
PubMed1994

Immunological characterization of pancreatic stone protein in human urine.

In order to study the mechanism and origin of urine pancreatic stone protein (PSP), PSP was analyzed in the urine and sera from healthy subjects, patients with renal disease, and intensive care patients by Mono S chromatography and Western blotting. The elution patterns could be classified into three types. In control urine, a single peak of immunoreactive PSP (peak I) was identified at the position of PSP-S2-5 (type A). In three of seven patients with renal disease, another peak of urine immunoreactive PSP (peak II) was recognized at the position slower than that corresponding to that of PSP-S1 (type B). In urine from one patient with diabetic nephropathy, a third peak of immunoreactive PSP (peak III) was eluted between peaks I and II (type C). In Western blotting, the bands in urine from patients with renal disease and of those in ICU mainly appeared at the positions of high-molecular-weight types of PSP and PSP-S2-5, respectively. These results suggest that the kidney can be another major source of urine PSP in addition to the pancreas.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1994

The initial reaction velocities of lactate dehydrogenase in various cell types.

The initial reaction velocities (vi) of lactate dehydrogenase in hepatocytes, cardiac muscle fibres, skeletal (gastrocnemius) muscle fibres, gastric parietal cells, ductal epithelial and acinar cells of the parotid gland, and oocytes were determined, by computer-assisted image analysis, in unfixed sections of these tissues incubated at 37 degrees C on substrate-containing agarose gel films. They were found to fit the equations vi = a1 zero A (equation 1) and vi-v = a2 zero A (equation 2) reported previously for mouse hepatocytes (Nakae & Stoward, 1993a, b), where v and zero A are, respectively, the gradients (or steady-state velocities) and the intercepts on the absorbance axis of the linear regression lines of the absorbance (A) of the final reaction product on incubation times between 1 and 3 min, and a1 and a2 are constants. Both equations 1 and 2 fitted the observed vi closely for mouse (a1 = 2.7, a2 = 2.2) and human (a1 = 3.0, a2 = 1.9) hepatocytes. However, equation 2 fitted the observed vi better than equation 1 for mouse cardiac muscle fibres (a1 = 1.5), skeletal muscle fibres (a2 = 1.2), gastric parietal cells (a2 = 1.7), acinar (a2 = 1.4) and striated ductal (a2 = 2.2) epithelial cells of the parotid gland, and oocytes (a2 = 1.6). The values of vi calculated from the two equations agreed with the observed vi to within about 11%. They ranged from 105 mumole hydrogen equivalents/cm3 cell/min units in hepatocytes to 24 units in parotid acinar cells, but for other cell types they were between 46 and 61 units. These are all considerably higher than values reported previously.

Animals↗