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Biomedical subjects

Y Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Miyoshi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Experimental studies on the effect of local irradiation on pulmonary metastasis].

The enhancement of pulmonary metastasis by local irradiation of primary tumor was investigated using Lewis lung cancer (3LL) and C57BL mice. One million 3LL cells were implanted at foot pads of mice and 7 days after the tumor-bearing legs were irradiated locally (60 Gy). Seven days after irradiation, mice were sacrificed and pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted. So it was confirmed that the pulmonary metastasis of tumor-irradiation group was enhanced significantly compared with control group and sham radiation group. The tumor-bearing legs were amputated just after, 1 day and 3 days after irradiation and pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted 7 days after irradiation. The pulmonary metastasis of mice whose legs were amputated 3 days after irradiation were enhanced significantly compared with control, though in other 2 groups pulmonary metastasis was not enhanced. So it was speculated that the enhancement of pulmonary metastasis needs remaining of irradiated tumor in bodies of mice for a certain period. It was confirmed by Winn assay that spleen cells of mice bearing irradiated tumors had an enhancing effect on tumor cells. And by Winn assay with pretreatment of cyclophosphamide, it was speculated that the enhancing effect was originated from suppressor T lymphocytes. So it was speculated that an enhancement of pulmonary metastasis by tumor irradiation was resulted from induction of suppressor T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunological response to outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with acute sinusitis.

The immunological response of 30 patients with acute sinusitis was examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed to detect antibodies against outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae. Using this ELISA, we found that 15 patients had slight increases in specific antibody in their convalescent serum. Maxillary sinus secretions from 15 patients had specific antibodies. IgG and IgA antibodies were detected with equal frequency, but IgA antibody was often found in maxillary sinus secretions while it was absent from serum. Thus it appears that patients with acute sinusitis respond systemically and locally with the specific antibody to H. influenzae.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Pathophysiological condition of the nose of asthmatic children with subclinical nasal allergy.

Nasal mucociliary transport time, nasal hypersensitivity to histamine, the number of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial mucous layer of the inferior turbinate, and the amount of histamine in the nasal secretion were measured in the asthmatic children with subclinical nasal allergy (asthma group). These results were compared with those in nasal allergic patients with nasal symptoms (nasal allergy group). Saccharin time did not show any significant difference between the asthma and nasal allergy group. The threshold for nasal hypersensitivity to histamine was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the nasal allergy group. Accumulation of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial mucous layer of the inferior turbinate were observed in both groups. There was a statistical correlation between the number of basophils and the number of eosinophils in the superficial nasal mucosa in the nasal allergy group, but not in the asthma group. These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Significance of lysosomal proteases; cathepsins B and H in maxillary mucosa and nasal polyp with non-atopic chronic inflammation.

Tissue extracts from maxillary mucosa (MM) and nasal polyp (NP) with non-atopic chronic inflammation were applied to DEAE-Sepharose, and hydrolytic activity of lysosomal proteases (cathepsins B and H) was measured by the fluorometric assay. Hydrolytic activity of cathepsins B and H in MM, of which cathepsin B was a major one, was about 3.5 times as high as that in NP. Protein composition resembled in both extracts except for several apparent protein bands with high molecular weight observed in NP. These results suggest that in MM with chronic inflammation, mucosal destruction induced by excess lysosomal granuloproteases overwhelming protease inhibitors would occur, being much related to the formation of its irreversible lesion.

Cathepsin B↗
PubMed1986

[Late results of operative removal of esophageal cancer with special reference to blunt dissection].

From 1973 to 1985, 185 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were admitted. For such advanced cases as those with penetration into the adventitia, multidisciplinary treatment with bypass surgery, irradiation, hyperthermia and immunochemotherapy was preferably performed. For those with limited invasion not beyond the adventitia, esophagectomy was performed as a first choice. For carcinoma of the lower thoracic and abdominal esophagus, blunt dissection of the thoracic esophagus was undertaken associated with reconstruction of the alimentary tract using a gastric tube via the posterior mediastinum. Of the 185 patients 90 (48.6%) underwent esophagectomy and 77 (41.6%) bypass surgery. Five-year survival rates after operative removal were 69.2% in stage 0, 40.1% in stages I + II, 38.9% in stage III, 4.5% in stage IV and 30.4% overall.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Purification and characterization of tissue-type plasminogen activator in maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) was purified from maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation and compared with urokinase. Purification procedure consisted of the extraction from delipidated mucosa with 0.3M potassium acetate buffer (pH 4.2), 66% saturation of ammonium sulfate, zinc chelate-Sepharose, concanavalin A-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatographies. The molecular weight of the TPA was approximately 58,000 +/- 3,000. Its activity was enhanced in the presence of fibrin and was quenched by placental urokinase inhibitor, but not quenched by anti-urokinase antibody. The TPA made no precipitin line against anti-urokinase antibody, while urokinase did. All these findings indicate that the TPA in maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation is immunologically dissimilar to urokinase and in its affinity for fibrin.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on development of biliary carcinoma in forty-seven patients with choledochal cyst--special reference to intestinal metaplasia in the biliary duct.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on 47 consecutive specimens excised for choledochal cyst were performed to clarify possible metaplastic changes of the biliary duct in relation to carcinogenesis. An anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system was observed in all 39 cases examined. Among the 47 patients, 5 (10.6 per cent) had biliary carcinoma. 27.3 per cent mucous gland, 13.0 per cent goblet cell and 9.5 per cent argyrophil cell in 23 children. On the other hand, 81.8 per cent exhibited mucous gland, 41.7 per cent goblet cell and 27.3 per cent argyrophil cell in 24 adults. These metaplastic changes seemed to be an intestinal metaplasia and increased with age. Immunoreactive-gastrin or -somatostatin were evident immunohistochemically in 4 adults. These findings confirmed that intestinal metaplasia may develop in the biliary duct in cases of choledochal cyst. Although direct evidence between intestinal metaplasia and the development of biliary carcinoma was not found, reflux and stasis of pancreatic enzymes in the biliary duct may relate to the development of intestinal metaplasia and be an important factor related to the carcinogenesis of choledochal cyst.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1985

Partial purification and characterization of the tissue plasminogen activator in nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.

Tissue plasminogen activator was partially purified from the inferior turbinate and nasal polyp, and its biochemical properties were investigated. Similar TPA peak positions were seen in the gel filtration chromatography of both tissues, and the molecular weight was approximately 65,000, which was comparable to TPA of pig heart (55,000-60,000). Activity of TPA from inferior turbinate was higher than that from nasal polyp. TPA from both tissues was completely inhibited by trans-aminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid, dithiothreitol, and diisopropylfluorophosphate and had similar inhibition profiles to TPA from pig heart. All these findings indicate that TPA from both tissues is undoubtedly a plasminogen-activating enzyme and serine-type protease and would be biochemically identical.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1985

Rheological properties of middle ear effusion and their role on mucociliary clearance.

The viscoelastic properties of freshly harvested middle ear effusion (MEE) from children were determined by an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer and compared with transportability of MEE on mucus-depleted frog palate. The elastic modulus (G') at 1 Hz of MEE from 43 untreated ear was ranged from 1.9 to 1,790 dyn/cm2 and the mean value was 28.4 dyn/cm2. The dynamic viscosity (eta') at 1 Hz of the same samples was ranged from 0.2 to 146 poise with the mean value of 3.4 poise. A maximum value of transport was obtained at G' of about 20 dyn/cm2, and below this value there was a significant positive correlation between the transport rate and log G'. Above 20 dyn/cm2, the negative correlation between the transport rate and log G' was significant. A similar significant correlation between the transport rate and log eta' was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The significance of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.

Concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-AChyT), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I-alpha-I), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) was measured in 27 serous middle ear effusions (MEEs) from 24 adult patients. The presence of protease-inhibitor complex was analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Mean concentration of alpha 1-AT was 361 +/- 90.0 mg/dl and was higher than that of other inhibitors: alpha 1-AChyT, 80.6 +/- 40.7; I-alpha-I, 21.3 +/- 21.5; alpha 2-M, 59.5 +/- 57.1. Molar concentration of alpha 2-M was the lowest. Most of alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-AChyT in MEEs were unsaturated; free inhibitors. Alpha-1-AT could be saturated by trypsin and elastase immediately, and only alpha 2-M could be saturated by papain (classical thiol protease). Serous MEEs have high anti-trypsin activity attributed to mainly free alpha 1-AT. Since level of alpha 2-M was very low, lysosomal thiol proteases could be one of the major proteases inducing proteolytic damage to middle ear mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reversibility of reduced mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis.

Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured before and after treatment in patients with chronic sinusitis. Nasal mucociliary transit time before the study was greater than 36 min in 8 out of 14 patients who were treated with S-carboxymethylcysteine, and in 9 out of 22 patients who were treated by repeated antral lavage. The nasal mucociliary clearance was significantly improved by both treatment regimens. This may indicate that the malfunction of the nasal mucociliary system is not the cause of chronic sinusitis but an effect of chronic inflammation of the respiratory mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasma component of middle ear effusion evaluated by prekallikrein level.

Plasma leakage into middle ear was evaluated by the level of prekallikrein in middle ear effusions (MEE), measured by the fluorometric assay. Plasma leakage into middle ear is a major source of MEE, especially serous effusions. The degree of plasma leakage at the time of sampling is very low in mucoid effusions and varied in serous effusions. Active plasma leakage into middle ear would occur at the early restricted inflammatory phase in the middle ear.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

Purification of glandular kallikrein in maxillary mucosa from humans suffering from chronic inflammation.

Glandular kallikrein was purified from human maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation and its biochemical properties were characterized. The purification procedure consisted of extraction with 3 mol/l KCl, saturation of ammonium sulfate (66%), DEAE-Sepharose, arginine-Sepharose and Sephadex G-150 chromatographies. Maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation contains considerable activity of glandular kallikrein, which is a serine protease with limited proteolytic activity and its biochemical properties resemble those of pancreatic kallikrein.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Combination chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and other anticancer agents for patients with advanced esophageal cancer].

Combination chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and other anticancer agents was performed in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. From July 1982 to September 1984, 16 patients were entered into this study and divided into two regimens. In regimen I, 5 patients were treated with a daily dose of 20 mg CDDP and 10 mg Peplomycin for five consecutive days and 10 mg Mitomycin C on the first day. This course was repeated 2 or 3 times every 4 weeks. As for evaluation, 1 PR (20%) and 4 NC (80%) were observed. In regimen II, nine patients were treated with daily doses of 25 mg CDDP and 2 mg Vindesine for 5 consecutive days, a course which was repeated every 4 weeks. As for evaluation, 1 CR (9%), 1 PR (9%), 4 MR (36%), 2NC (18%), and 3 PD (27%) were observed. Major side effects were renal failure, bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, which were mostly transient. However, more severe bone marrow suppression was observed in regimen I composed with regimen II.

Adult↗