Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Matsuda.
The use of in situ gastroepiploic artery grafts has been reported recently. In the present case, the in situ gastroepiploic artery was too short to graft both the diagonal and the obtuse marginal branches of the coronary arteries in a patient with diffuse coronary artery disease. The free (aorta-coronary) gastroepiploic artery graft was anastomosed to both arteries to form a Y graft.
Guanase was purified from human liver and its specific antibody was raised in rabbits. The enzyme was purified 1200-fold from the crude liver extract; the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 91.50 units/mg. The purified enzyme gave two distinct peaks on high pressure liquid ion exchange chromatography. The materials in both peaks had a molecular weight of 100,000, and were concluded to be isozymes with different pH optima for guanine. The antiserum completely inhibited the activity of the liver enzyme. It formed a single precipitin line with the human liver extract. On immunoblotting, it bound specifically to the one band with guanase activity, but to no other bands of protein. Thus, this antiserum for human liver guanase should be suitable for use in immunohistochemical demonstration of guanase and determination of this enzyme by radioimmunoassay.
This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of the systemic baroreceptor reflex on renal nerve activity (RNA) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) during occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMAO) in anesthetized dogs. Animals were divided into two groups; RVR evaluated group and RNA measured group. For evaluation of changes in RVR, the left kidney was perfused at a constant flow with heparinized blood by using a pulsatile roller pump. Renal perfusion pressure, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured simultaneously. During SMAO, MAP and RVR increased significantly in animals with intact systemic baroreceptors. After combined denervation of the carotid sinus and vagal nerves, a significant enhancement of this RVR response during SMAO occurred and the level of changes in RVR were significantly greater than those in animals with an intact neuraxis. In the RNA measured group, renal sympathetic nerve activity, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured simultaneously before and during SMAO. During SMAO, MAP and RNA increased significantly in animals with intact systemic baroreceptors. These MAP and RNA responses to SMAO were significantly enhanced in animals with combined denervation of the carotid sinus and vagal nerves. These results indicate that SMAO evokes an increase in arterial blood pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal vascular resistance. The reflex increase in renal nerve activity and renal vascular tone during SMAO is modified and minimized by an activation of systemic baroreceptors.
A tissue kallikrein was purified over 1500-fold from the postmicrosomal supernatant of human submaxillary glands. The purified enzyme gave a single band, corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 42,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme cross-reacted with the anti-human urinary kallikrein antiserum. The purified enzyme was characterized in comparison with the purest human urinary kallikrein preparation. Both enzymes hydrolyzed the synthetic substrate, Ac-Phe-Arg-OMe, most effectively. Aprotinin, TLCK, and PMSF suppressed the enzyme activities, while SBTI, LBTI, and alpha 1-antitrypsin had no effect at all. The purified enzyme generated kinin from the natural substrate, kininogen. It was concluded therefore that the purified enzyme is a typical tissue kallikrein.
The protective effects of protein kinase inhibitors and a calmodulin kinase inhibitor (W-7) against ischemic neuronal damage were examined in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Staurosporine, KT5720, and KT5822 were used as inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase, respectively. All test compounds were injected topically into the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. In the gerbil ischemia model, staurosporine (0.1-10 ng) administered 30 min before ischemia prevented neuronal damage in a dose-dependent manner. However, KT5720, KT5822, and W-7 were ineffective, even at a dose of 10 ng. In the rat ischemia model, staurosporine (10 ng) also prevented neuronal damage when administered before ischemic insult, although staurosporine administered 10 or 180 min after recirculation was ineffective. These results suggest the involvement of PKC in CA1 pyramidal cell death after ischemia and that the fate of vulnerable CA1 pyramidal cells through PKC-mediated processes could be determined during the early recirculation period.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to clarify the effects of endothelin on coronary vasculature in the intact rabbit by coronary angiographic examination. DESIGN: By selective coronary angiography bolus injections of various amounts of endothelin (0.01-1 nmol) were given into the right coronary artery of anaesthetised rabbits. The preventive effects of nifedipine on endothelin induced myocardial ischaemia were examined. SUBJECTS: Adult male Japanese white rabbits (2.7-3.5 kg, n = 29) were used for in vivo and in vitro studies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Intracoronary administration of 0.1 nmol endothelin led to the delayed filling of contrast medium into the distal coronary artery and the sustained retention of contrast medium in both large and small coronary arteries, associated with distinct ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF on the electrocardiogram. However, endothelin produced no evident constriction at any site in the large epicardial coronary arteries. Intracoronary administration of glyceryl trinitrate (50 micrograms) or nifedipine (5 micrograms) failed to reverse myocardial ischaemic changes induced by endothelin. Pretreatment with intravenous administration of nifedipine (3 micrograms.kg-1) partially inhibited the endothelin induced vasoconstrictor effect on small coronary arteries and subsequent ischaemic changes. In isolated coronary arterial preparation, endothelin produced long lasting contraction in a dose dependent manner [ED50 = 3.7 (SEM 1.8) nM]. Pretreatment with nifedipine inhibited the maximum contraction induced by endothelin, but did not affect the threshold dose or the half maximal effective dose (ED50). Endothelin (0.1 microM) per se did not produce aggregatory responses of rabbit platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelin induced myocardial ischaemia cannot be ascribed to vasospastic constriction of large coronary arteries nor to platelet thrombi, but diffuse constriction of small coronary arteries occurs in the intact rabbit.
We investigated the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) mRNA in tumor tissues surgically removed from ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All HCC tissues expressed TGF-beta 1 mRNA at different levels, indicating the presence of activated transcription of TGF-beta 1 gene in human HCC tissues in vivo. The level of TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression showed no relationship to main tumor size of plasma alpha-fetoprotein level. Some HCC tissues presenting a relatively low grade of histological differentiation showed the highest levels of TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression.
The high incidence (40.6%) of elevated serum pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was demonstrated in patients with various malignancies. Serum PLA2 was significantly increased in cancer patients compared with healthy sex- and age-matched blood donors (358.4 +/- 168.0 vs. 241.7 +/- 69.0 ng/dl; p less than 0.01). No correlation was observed between serum PLA2 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in these patients. Although patients with advanced and distantly metastatic cancer of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas showed higher PLA2 levels in serum than those with early cancer, patients with other cancers showed no correlation between serum PLA2 and clinical stage. A combined assay of PLA2 and CEA increased the sensitivity of detection of cancers to 60.8%.
The relation between the left atrial systolic pressure waveform and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was observed in 17 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Left atrial pressure and left ventricular pressure were simultaneously recorded from a multisensor catheter before and during angiotensin infusion. Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were 133 +/- 17 and 12.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and increased to 168 +/- 18 (p less than 0.01) and 19.4 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The left atrial systolic pressure curve consisted of two positive waves--a first wave (A) and a second wave (A'). The A and A' wave pressures were 11.6 +/- 2.3 and 10.2 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and 16.5 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.01) and 18.1 +/- 4.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The ratio of A'/A of left atrial systolic pressure was 0.81 +/- 0.27 before angiotensin infusion and 1.08 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.01) during infusion. The ratio of A' to A of left atrial systolic pressure was linearly related to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before and during (p less than 0.01) angiotensin infusion. The amplitude of the A wave exceeded that of the A' wave at normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. However, as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased either at rest or during angiotensin infusion, the amplitude of the A' wave increased and often exceeded that of the A wave. These results suggest that the second (A') wave might be attributed to the increased reflection associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
Two forms of basic arginine ester hydrolyzing enzymes were found in human male urine, and their partial purification was performed using lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) affinity adsorption and Cellulofine GCL-2000 gel chromatography. The forms tentatively called basic human urinary arginine esterase-1 (BHUAE-1) and -2 (BHUAE-2), had respective estimated molecular weights of about 4.5 x 10(4) and 1.8 x 10(4) daltons, with pH optima observed at 9.5 and 10.0. These two new enzymes in the human male urine were different from human renal urokinases.
To solve the problem of delivering drugs to skeletal tissue at high enough local concentrations for desirable therapeutic effects, we report a novel approach using a self-setting hydroxyapatite cement, with cephalexin and norfloxacin as model drugs. After setting, the cement was transformed into hydroxyapatite with affinity for hard bone tissue. Continuous in-vitro drug release profiles from loaded cement pellets (0.9-4.8% by weight) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C followed the Higuchi equation.
To assess the left ventricular (LV) global and regional (anterior, apical, inferior) diastolic filling dynamics in compensated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we measured left ventricular pressure and instantaneous volume from angiography in 7 normal controls (CTL) and 6 DCM patients with sinus rhythm. Global and regional peak filling rate (PER), time constant of LV pressure decline (T; Weiss's method) and LV chamber stiffness (k; Gaasch's method) were calculated. In DCM, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (ml/m2) was larger than in CTL (137 +/- 29 vs. 74 +/- 6, p less than 0.001), and stroke index (ml/m2) was not different from CTL (46 +/- 14 vs. 46 +/- 8, NS), indicating a compensated state of LV. Mitral valve opening pressure (mmHg) tended to increase in DCM compared with CTL (12 +/- 6 vs. 8 +/- 4). Global PFR (ml/sec/m2) (CTL = 216 +/- 47 vs. DCM = 201 +/- 36) and k (CTL = 0.044 +/- 0.023 vs. DCM = 0.029 +/- 0.016) were not different between 2 groups. However, T (msec) was markedly prolonged in DCM compared with CTL (61 +/- 10 vs. 35 +/- 5, p less than 0.001). In CTL, regional PFR (1/sec) showed almost the same values in each region, but in DCM, apical region showed higher PFR than in other regions. Thus, early diastolic filling might play an important role in maintaining the total transmitral flow in DCM despite severe impairment of LV relaxation. This compensation could be related mainly to accelerated regional lengthening of the LV apical region.
Examination by scanning electron microscopy revealed differences between neuromuscular junctions in the muscle fibers of the zebra finch (bird) and rat. The neuromuscular junctions between the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles of the zebra finch were compared. The junctions of the former, exclusively slow tonic fibers, were small and numerous along the long axis of a single muscle fiber. The synaptic depressions per junction were few. The junctions of the latter, exclusively fast twitch fibers, were large and consisted of more synaptic depressions than the former. Junctional folds were occasionally found in some depressions. The neuromuscular junctions between the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of the rat were also compared. The former consisted almost entirely of fast twitch muscle fibers, whereas the latter consisted of both slow twitch fibers (75%) and fast twitch fibers (25%). The junctions in the extensor digitorum longus muscle were almost all labyrinthine gutters containing exclusively slit-like junctional folds. In the soleus muscle, two types of junctions were observed. One type was similar to that of the extensor digitorum longus muscle; the other was characterized by labyrinthine gutters containing sparse, narrow slit-like and pit-like junctional folds. We suggest from these structural differences of the subneural apparatuses that the junction of the fast twitch muscle is characterized by the subneural apparatus containing numerous slit-like junctional folds, and that of the slow twitch muscle fiber characterized by the apparatus containing sparse, narrow slit-like and pit-like junctional folds.
The present study was performed to examine effects of intra-arterial and intravenous injection of capsaicin on efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (RNA) in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. In animals with intact baroreceptors, intra-arterial injection of capsaicin (4 +/- 1 microgram) produced significant increases in mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) by +43 +/- 8 mmHg and +33 +/- 15 beats/min at 20 s after the injection, respectively. There followed a recovery toward the control so that 60 s after the intra-arterial injection changes in MBP and HR were +8 +/- 5 mmHg and +18 +/- 8 beats/min, respectively. RNA showed a biphasic response, comprising of an initial increase (+52 +/- 28% of the control at 20 s) followed by a decrease by -30 +/- 8% of the control 60 s after the injection. Following bilateral cervical vagotomy the initial increase in RNA did not differ significantly from the value of RNA in animals with intact baroreceptors. However, the later decrease in RNA reversed above the control so that 60 s after the injection change in RNA was +5 +/- 10% of the control. Complete baroreceptor denervation showed a similar response on RNA in the vagotomized animals (+49 +/- 9 and +14 +/- 10% of the control at 20 and 60 s after the injection, respectively). In contrast, intravenous injection of capsaicin (6 +/- 1 microgram/kg) resulted in significant decreases in MBP (-19 +/- 11 mmHg) and HR (-9 +/- 4 beats/min). RNA at 20 s after the injection showed a unidirectional decrease by -16 +/- 7% of the control in animals with intact baroreceptors. These responses reversed above the control after cervical vagotomy. Thus, these data indicate that activation of C-fiber afferents in skeletal muscles by intra-arterial injection of capsaicin results in renal sympathoexcitation, and that the later sympathoinhibition is mediated by combined activation of systemic baroreceptors.
The authors report a case of a distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysm in a 75-year-old female who presented with nausea, vomiting, and severe headache. Computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed a hematoma in the right lateral ventricle and a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right parasellar-Sylvian cistern. Cerebral angiography showed a saccular aneurysm at the right distal anterior choroidal artery. The authors intended to operate at the chronic stage, and carried out conservative management. After 1 month her condition suddenly worsened and she died, although a CT scan showed no remarkable changes. At autopsy, a pulmonary artery thrombosis was considered the cause of death. The aneurysm was identified in the temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle, and was a true aneurysm.
A case of undifferentiated carcinoma arising in the minor salivary gland is reported. Preoperative chemotherapy, surgery and postoperative immunotherapy were performed and good results were obtained for 15 months after surgery. However, metastasis to the lung occurred 18 months after surgery. The histologic diagnosis, clinical findings and origin of this tumor are discussed.
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Preliminary screening for antiviral AIDS drugs has been carried out, using three different in vitro assay systems. Among 105 samples tested, 13 were found to inhibit the growth of HIV in vitro. Eleven of 13 were well-known anti-HIV chemicals, while the remaining two of plant origin were new chemicals whose anti-HIV activities have not been reported elsewhere.