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Biomedical subjects

Y Mashima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mashima.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Specular microscopy of posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy.

Corneal endothelial conditions in two children with posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy were studied by specular microscopy. The localized vesicular lesions seen by slit lamp formed demarcated blackout areas where two distinct populations of cells were adjacent. Focal areas of highly pleomorphic cells with increased reflective highlights, which may represent epithelial-like cells, were surrounded by enlarged and pleomorphic endothelial cells (background cells). The average background endothelial cell area was three to four times larger than the control area. The composite cells which appeared to coalesce were also observed among the enlarged background cells.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Clinical study of the pattern electroretinogram in patients with optic nerve damage.

We have recorded both pattern and flash electroretinograms (ERG) in two patients with unilateral optic nerve damage due to optic canal fracture over one year. The pattern ERG from the affected eye was reduced in amplitude by approximately 40% in one patient, 60% in the other, compared with that from their other, normal eyes, while the flash ERG was normal in all eyes. Reduced pattern ERG responses may depend on retrograde degeneration following damage to the optic nerve. The pattern ERG, however, was not totally lost in the eyes with marked optic atrophy. There is a possibility that the pattern ERG contains both contrast and luminance components in various proportions.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1985

[Whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before and after recovery from surgical stress].

This study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms underlying the loss of body nitrogen after trauma. Six patients who underwent abdominal surgery and six for control were studied. The measurement of whole body protein turnover was made on the third and tenth postoperative day during TPN with constant infusion of [15N] glycine according to Picou and Taylor-Roberts. The measurement was also made on six control patients during TPN in non-stressed state. The rates of whole body protein turnover (Q), synthesis (S) and breakdown (B) were calculated from the plateau 15N enrichment of urinary total N, which was analyzed with a mass spectrometer. The values were compared with control and the changes in the individual patients were examined by a paired t-test. Immediately after operation, Q and B were significantly elevated (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively), and reduced with the improvement of N-balance after recovery from stress by 0.95 +/- 0.21 and 0.61 +/- 0.13 g X protein/kg X day, respectively. The changes in Q and B were statistically significant (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.005, respectively). Whereas, no tendency of alteration in S was found throughout the study. It is concluded that protein turnover rate increases in surgical stress, and that the increased protein catabolism rather than the alteration in synthesis could account for the postoperative nitrogen losses.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Changes of whole body protein turnover due to the severity of surgical stress].

This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms underlying the loss of body nitrogen after surgical trauma. Thirteen patients who underwent moderate to severe abdominal surgery and six for control were studied. The measurement of whole body protein turnover was made on the third and tenth postoperative day during isonitrogenous and isocaloric TPN using the constant infusion method of [15N] glycine. Nitrogen balance was improved markedly in 6 patients, who received moderate surgical procedures (group I). However the balance was still negative at the tenth postoperative day in 7 patients, who received severe surgery with some critical complications (group II). A significant increase in whole body protein breakdown on the third postoperative day in groups I and II were found (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.001, respectively). Breakdown was higher in group II than in group I (p less than 0.02). Whole body protein synthesis tended to increase on the third postoperative day in group II, but was within the normal range in group I. In conclusion, the change of whole body protein turnover was different depending upon the severity of stress. Protein synthesis unchanged in moderate stress, but tended to increase in severe stress with a greater increase of breakdown.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of intravenous infusion of a ten percent soybean emulsion on hormones, amino acids and other substrates in blood.

Acute responses in hormone and substrate concentrations to intravenous administration of a fat emulsion were studied in metabolically normal subjects. Eight subjects were infused with either a fat emulsion or an aqueous solution of glycerol for 3 h. Serum triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH butyrate), insulin, thyroid hormones, plasma glucagon, norepinephrine, and amino acids were measured. The infusion of a fat emulsion induced a 30% increase in glucose and a 22% decrease in alanine together with significant elevations of TG (> 10 mM) and FFA (> 1 mM). A small increase in insulin (4 microU/ml) and a reduction in glucagon (40 pg/ml) were observed. Eight-fold increases in glycerol occurred with both the fat emulsion and glycerol infusions. The administration of a fat emulsion resulted in a 4-fold increase in 3-OH butyrate, whereas glycerol infusion reduced its level by 50%. Glycerol infusion produced no measurable effects on the substrates other than glycerol or 3-OH butyrate. No significant changes were observed in thyroid hormones or norepinephrine after either solution was given. The data suggest that acute elevation of FFA by means of intravenous fat emulsions leads to preferential oxidation of FFA and stimulates hepatic ketogenesis with resulting glucose conservation as well as inhibition of alanine production without many alterations in hormonal concentrations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of fat emulsion (intralipid) on essential fatty acid deficiency during total parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients. Part 1. Experimental study].

Experimental studies were performed to confirm the effect of TPN with and without fat emulsion, Intralipid, on fat metabolism in weanling rats and puppies. Long-term fat-free TPN induced essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in weanling rats and the intravenous fat emulsion which accounted for 10% of the total caloric intake could prevent EFA deficiency. In the long-term TPN in growing puppies, fatfree TPN and induced EFA deficiency within two weeks, and Intralipid which accounted for 4% of the total caloric intake (2% as linoleate) satisfied the EFA requirement.

Animals↗