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Biomedical subjects

Y Majima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Majima.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Reversibility of reduced mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis.

Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured before and after treatment in patients with chronic sinusitis. Nasal mucociliary transit time before the study was greater than 36 min in 8 out of 14 patients who were treated with S-carboxymethylcysteine, and in 9 out of 22 patients who were treated by repeated antral lavage. The nasal mucociliary clearance was significantly improved by both treatment regimens. This may indicate that the malfunction of the nasal mucociliary system is not the cause of chronic sinusitis but an effect of chronic inflammation of the respiratory mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasma component of middle ear effusion evaluated by prekallikrein level.

Plasma leakage into middle ear was evaluated by the level of prekallikrein in middle ear effusions (MEE), measured by the fluorometric assay. Plasma leakage into middle ear is a major source of MEE, especially serous effusions. The degree of plasma leakage at the time of sampling is very low in mucoid effusions and varied in serous effusions. Active plasma leakage into middle ear would occur at the early restricted inflammatory phase in the middle ear.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) in hepatocellular carcinoma].

1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) was administered orally to 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at a daily dose of 200 to 600 mg. Twenty three of those patients who received HCFU over 4 weeks without any other therapies were studied for its antitumor effect. Eighteen patients were evaluated for tumor size. The results showed a response rate of 16.7% (3/18) based on the criteria of Koyama et al. Patients with minute hepatoma had an especially good response; the response rate being 40% (2/5), or 60% (3/5) including minor response. Tests showed no aggravation of liver function. HCFU was considered to be useful in the treatment of HCC. However, unexpected adverse neurological effects were encountered in 6 patients. They began with slurred speech, bradypragia and gait disturbance, and finally progressed to unconsciousness in 4 out of 6 patients, in which the clinical picture resembled hepatic encephalopathy. Though reversible, these symptoms necessitate immediate withdrawal of HCFU therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Absorption of various drugs through the rabbit's respiratory mucosa in vitro.

The absorption of doxycycline (DOTC), bekanamycin (AKM), cefazolin (CEZ), penicillin G (PC-G), prednisolone, and human IgG through the rabbit's tracheal mucosa was examined using the double-chamber method. The results indicate that the tracheal mucosa can absorb both small molecules and macromolecules. Passing through the intercellular space, DOTC, a small molecule, was absorbed through the tracheal epithelium by diffusion. Human IgG, a macromolecule, was absorbed by the mechanism of an energy-consuming transport process. This study of the absorption of drugs through the respiratory mucosa could open up new areas in the utilization of intrarespiratory administration of drugs and lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in respiratory allergies.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Clinical examination of the crystalline lens by retrocorneal specular microscopy.

Normal crystalline lenses and a variety of primary and secondary cataracts were photographed with a contact clinical specular microscope having a new W10X long working distance objective. In the normal lens, the anterior and posterior cell pattern and the lens fiber pattern could be seen. In patients with developing cataracts, a variety of abnormal structures was observed; in some cases the detailed morphologic structure of the light scattering objects could be appreciated. In pseudophakic patients, precipitates, leukocytes, and debris were observed on the surface of IOL implants. The methods described enable cellular and morphologic changes occurring with time in the lens and capsule to be studied. The results obtained show the potential usefulness of specular microscopy for evaluation and documentation of retrocorneal pathologic structures at high magnification.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis: related human nasal clearance and in vitro bullfrog palate clearance.

Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic sinusitis using saccharin granule technique. Nasal mucociliary transit time (ST) was significantly slower in the patients with chronic sinusitis compared with that in controls (p less than 0.005). Nasal mucus collected from each nasal cavity was used for in vitro bullfrog palate clearance studies and compared to the in vivo nasal ST. Mucociliary clearance rate (MTR) on frog palate was 12.5 +/- 2.5 mm/min in the mucus from control subjects, 6.1 +/- 1.5 mm/min in the mucus from the patients. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The MTR on frog palate in the patients whose nasal ST was within normal range was significantly slower than that in controls (p less than 0.005), but not significantly different from that in the patients whose nasal ST was over the normal range. These results suggest that the nasal mucous properties which decreased the mucociliary clearance on frog palate did not contribute to the mucociliary clearance of the patients who had a normal one. No significant correlation existed between MTR on frog palate and nasal ST in both control and chronic sinusitis. In chronic sinusitis patients, decelerated nasal ST was recovered significantly by normal saline nebulization compared with the value before the nebulization (p less than 0.01). None of the significant change of ST was observed in control before and after the nebulization.

Adolescent↗