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Biomedical subjects

Y Kurosu

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kurosu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Experimental and clinical studies on 6059-S (author's transl)].

Experimental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on 6059-S, a newly synthesized broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics, were carried out, and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of 6059-S against S. pyogenes, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, recently isolated from patients, 50 strains respectively was compared with that of cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefotiam (CTM) and ticarcillin (TIPC). 6059-S was less active than the other compound against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, but was about 1-5 times more active than other CEZ, CTM, CMZ and CZX against E. coli, and 6059-S had a activity against P. aeruginosa. It was equal or slightly more activity than that of TIPC. Serum concentrations were measured in 14 infants (3 y 3m-12 y) by one shot or intravenous drip infusion with 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg. By one shot intravenous infusion, the peak of serum concentrations of 6059-S with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg were 40.4-44.2 mcg/ml, 79.1-90.8 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after administration respectively, and that's half life were 1.5, 1.4 hours. By intravenous drip infusion, the peak of serum concentration was 89.9 mcg/ml at the end of administration, 13.7 mcg/ml at 5 hours after administration, and half life was 1.5 hours. The urinary recovery rate of 6059-S were 97.4, 67.4% during 6 hours in 2 cases. The cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 6059-S were 2.4-3.6 mcg/ml at 90 minutes after intravenous infusion administration, and the CSF/serum ratio were about 7-8%. Clinical studies of 6059-S was performed in total of 27 cases (25 patients); 8 cases of urinary tract infection, 15 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of peritonitis, 2 cases of purulent meningitis, with the dose of 6059-S 150 mg/kg/day in purulent meningitis, 40-80 mg/kg/day in other disease. That's efficacy rate was 85.2%. Side effect observed in this therapy were 2 cases (exanthema 1, diarrhea 1), and 2 cases of rise of GOT, GPT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical investigations were performed on cefadroxil, and the results were obtained as follows. (1) Sensitivity distribution of cefadroxil. In S. aureus, two peaks were observed with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml: 1.56-3.13 microgram/ml and 12.5-25 microgram/ml, while with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, the distribution was in the range of smaller than or equal to 0.1-25 microgram/ml, and the sensitivity peak was 0.78-1.56 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, sensitivity distribution was in the range of 0.05-1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak was 0.05 microgram/ml. On the other hand, with inoculum size of 10(6)/ml, distribution was 0.0006-1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak was 0.0006-0.012 microgram/ml, thus sensitivity of cefadroxil being 2 tubes higher. In E. coli, with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, strains showed mostly high resistance as more than 100 microgram/ml, whereas with inoculum size of 10(6)/ml sensitivity was distributed between 3.13-50 microgram/ml, and the peak was 12.5-25 microgram/ml. (2) Absorption and excretion of cefadroxil: A dose of cefadroxil 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 cases of children aged from 4 years and 6 months to 11 years and 9 months, and serum levels of the drug were measured. As the results, in the group of 5 mg/kg dosing, the value was 0.94 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 3.55 microgram/ml at 60 minutes, 7.65 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 2.55 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 1.09 microgram/ml at 6 hours. In the group of 10 microgram/ml dosing, value of the drug was 4.18 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 10.70 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 12.75 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 8.05 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 2.33 microgram/ml at 6 hours. In the group of 20 mg/kg dosing, value was 9.93 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 18.43 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 24.70 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 15.50 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 6.45 microgram/ml at 6 hours. Dose response was observed thus distinctly among 3 groups. Recovery ratio of cefadroxil in urine was 76.14% within 6 hours. (3) Clinical trial with cefadroxil: Cefadroxil was applied clinically in 80 cases (76 patients). These included 22 cases of lacunar tonsillitis, 13 cases of pharyngitis, 24 cases of bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 8 cass of urinary tract infection, 5 cases of hemolytic streptococcal infection, 1 case of cellulitis, and 1 case of otitis media. Efficacy was obtained in 72 cases out of 80 cases ratio being thus 90%. Change of organisms was proven in 35 cases, among which disappearance and reduction of organism were observed in 32 cases (91.45). No adverse reaction was noticed throughout all cases. No abnormal value was recognized in laboratory findings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Basic and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a newly introduced antibiotic of the cephamycin series, cefoxitin (CFX), and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Employing clinical isolates, MICs were determined and comparisons made with those of cephalosporins. The MICs of CFX against S. aureus and S. pyogenes slightly inferior to those of the cephalosporins, while the MICs of CFX against Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, Proteus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were considerably superior to those of CER and CET, and slightly superior to those of CEZ. 2. The peak serum concentrations were 34.7 mcg/ml and 67.6 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after an intravenous injection in doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The peak serum concentration was 40.8 mcg/ml at the end of 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion when it was given in a dose of 25 mg/kg. In these cases, the serum half life were 25.8-51.2 minutes, and their urinary recovery were 67-90%. 3. Clinically, CFX was given to the 29 children with a total of 31 of varying bacterial infections: 6 cases of urinary tract infection (U.T.I.), 19 of respiratory tract infection (R.T.I.), 2 of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.), 2 of purulent lymphadenitis and 2 cases of soft tissue dermatological infections. Overall efficacy rate was 83.9% (26 cases). No significant adverse reaction was noted except for 1 case of rash. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 patient and of GPT in 1 patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Fundamental and clinical studies on tobramycin by intravenous drip infusion (author's transl)].

Fundamental and clinical studies on tobramycin (TOB) by intravenous drip infusion were carried out, and following results were observed. 1) Serum concentration of TOB. TOB was administered 1.5 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg by intramuscular or intravenous drip infusion method to 16 pediatric patients. In 1.5 mg/kg dose, the mean peak serum concentration were 3.9 mcg/ml at the 1/4 approximately 1/2 hour after administration by intramuscular method, 4.9 mcg/ml at the 1/2 hour after administration by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion, 6.4 mcg/ml at 1 hour by 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion method. The half lives (T 1/2) of TOB in those methods, were 1.48, 1.42, 1.26 hours, respectively. In 3.0 mg/kg dose schedule by 30 or 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion method, the mean peak serum concentrations were 11.5 mcg/ml, 8.0 mcg/ml at the end of infusion, respectively. Those of the T 1/2 were 1.54, 1.24 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters of TOB were following results. The ranges of Vd (apparent volume of distribution), K10 (elimination constant (hr-1)), T 1/2 were 0.20 approximately 0.34 L, 0.63 approximately 1.37 hr-1, 1.20 approximately 2.07 hrs., respectively and there was no significant difference in the serum concentrations and in the pharmacokinetic parameters. 2) Clinical results. Eight patients including 1 purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 4 acute pyelonephritis, 2 bronchopneumonia, 1 septicemia were treated with TOB 1.5 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg twice a day, by intravenous drip infusion for 6 approximately 15 days. Clinical effects were excellent in 3 cases, good in 4 cases and poor in 1 case. Efficacy rate was 87.5%. No side effects were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefroxadine in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefroxadine (CXD) were carried out, and we have obtained the following results. (1) Sensitivity distribution: As for the sensitivity distribution in S. aureus, the peak was within the ranges from 3.13 to 6.25 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml, the distribution was less than or equal to 0.1 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, with the peak at 1.56 to 6.25 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, the sensitivity distribution ranged between less than 0.1 and 1.56 microgram/ml, with the peak at 0.1 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml. In the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, however, the all strains were distributed within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.78 microgram/ml, and the growth of 49 out of 54 strains (91%) was inhibited at less than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml. In E. coli, the sensitivity peak was at 25 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml, and 5 strains (9.3%) were detected with greater than 100 microgram/ml. Of the 5 strains, 1 strain showed cross tolerance with CEX, the remaining 4 strains was at 50 microgram/ml and at 25 microgram/ml in 2 strains each. In the case of inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, the sensitivity distribution was all within the ranges from 0.78 to 12.5 microgram/ml, except for 1 strain at 100 microgram/ml, with the peak being within the ranges from 3.13 to 12.5 microgram/ml. As for the above 100 microgram/ml-strain, it was showing cross tolerance with CEX. (2) Serum concentration: CXD was administered at a dose level of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg between meals to 5 children, and CXD concentration in their serum was measured. In the group of the 10 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 8.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 9.15 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 7.4 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 2.85 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 1.0 microgram/ml and 6 hours value; 0.32 microgram/ml, with half-life of 0.88 hours. In the group of the 20 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 11.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 16.8 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 10.7 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 8.15 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 3.33 microgram/ml, 6 hours value; 1.22 microgram/ml, with half-life of 1.03 hours. A significant interrelation in dose response was observed between the 2 groups. (3) CLINICAL RESULTS: Clinical investigation were held in 29 cases (47 boys and 32 girls). Their diseases comprised of 2 acute pharyngitis, 28 acute purulent tonsillitis, 11 scarlet fever, 3 cervical purulent lymphadenitis, 14 acute bronchitis, 7 acute pneumonia, 11 urinary tract infection and 3 skin soft tissue infection. The drug was effective in 74 out of the 79 cases (93.7%). Causative organism was proved in 60 out of the 79 cases. Fifty-five cases (91.7%) were observed bacterial disappearance or reduction in the 60 cases. Side effects were observed in a total of 3 cases (3.8%), i.e. 2 cases of abnormal values in the laboratory findings (an eosinophilia and/or an elevation of the GPT readings) and 1 case of manifestation of exanthema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Surgical management of portal hypertension.

We have analyzed retrospectively our operative morbidity and mortality in patients with portal hypertension treated before 1975 and found that the four type classification of arteriographic findings correlated well with the postoperative clinical outcome of these patients. Then, we established as set of criteria to define operative risk and applied it prospectively to patients treated after 1975. The results obtained so far point toward the usefulness of our selection of patients in reducing operative mortality and morbidity.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1980

[Experimental and clinical studies on cefoperazone (author's transl)].

Experimental and clinical studies were conducted on a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic cefoperazone (CPZ). Antibacterial activity of CPZ against S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp. and P. aeruginosa was compared with that of cefazolin (CEZ), cephalothin (CET), gentamicin (GM) and cefotaxime (CTX). Ordinary cephalosporin C antibiotics, CEZ and CET showed an excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, while CPZ showed a low MIC of 3.13 mcg/ml even 10(6)/ml inoculation. CPZ showed an antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus sp. Its activity was very similar to CTX and superior to CET and CEZ. CPZ showed the greatest activity against P. aeruginosa, i.e., 2 tubes greater than CTX. By intravenous injection, the peak of blood concentration of CPZ treated with 25 mg/kg was 42 mcg/ml (4 cases); in the case of 1 hr. drip infusion, the peak of blood concentration with same dose was 41.25 mcg/ml at the end of drip infusion. By both routes of administration, the half lives were noted to be as long as 101.4 and 84.8 minutes, respectively. The recovery rates (3 cases) in the urine were quite different: 60.8%, 22.6% and 76.8% at 6 hours after administration. The spinal fluid concentration of CPZ was about 5 mcg/ml in the acute stage during the first 5 days and the CSF/serum ratio was above 10%. Clinical evaluation of CPZ was performed in a total of 31 cases; 13 cases of respiratory tract infection, 8 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 cases of enterocolitis, 2 cases of septicemia and 4 cases of purulent meningitis. Of 31 cases, CPZ proved to be markedly effective or effective in 28 cases, an efficacy rate of 90.3%. CPZ was found to e ineffective in 1 case of pyothorax and 2 cases of septicemia. Of the two cases of septicemia, one who had been also suffering from ecthyma gangrenosum suspected to be caused by P. aeruginosa and died within 10 hours of admission. Therefore, it may be better to consider this case an unknown case. Side effects observed during the therapy were 1 case of rash and 1 case of a rise of BUN.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefuroxime in pediatric purulent meningitis (author's transl)].

The following results were obtained from the fundamental and clinical studies of cefuroxime, a new synthetic cephalosporin, in pediatric patients with purulent meningitis. This drug was administered to 2 pediatric patients with purulent meningitis at the dose to 50 mg/kg, by intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes and one shot intravenous injection respectively. When spinal fluid levels were determined, about 15 approximately 30% of the drug concentration in blood was found to transfer to spinal fluid at acute stage. Spinal fluid levels were about 4 approximately 7 micrograms/ml. When 4 pediatric patients with purulent meningitis were treated with the drug, the good results were obtained in all of them. The dose given was 200 approximately 300 mg/kg/day and the dosing duration was 14 approximately 22 days. No adverse reaction was noted, nor abnormal laboratory test values were noted.

Cefuroxime↗
PubMed1979

Lymphocyte response to autochthonous human solid tumor cells: relationship to histological types and tumor load.

Mixed lymphocyte--tumor cell cultures were made with materials from patients with various histological types of cancer. In 25 out of 89 patients, positive lymphocyte response to tumor cells was observed. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between the frequency of positive responses and extent of the disease. Patients with neuroblastoma, however, showed more frequent positive responses in cases of widespread disease. The data obtained may have valuable clinical implications, supporting the possibility of immunotherapy of cancer patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical experience with CS-1170 in children (author's transl)].

CS-1170 was tried in children with various infections, and the following results were obtained. Some studies on the drug's pharmacokinetics were also made, and the results were as shown below: 1. The time course of serum concentration following one-shot intravenous injections of 30 mg/kg in 8 patients aged between 3 and 13 was studied. The results were: 53.4 microgram/ml, 23.4 microgram/ml, 6.6 microgram/ml, 1.8 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours after the drug administration, respectively. Urinary recovery rate was 36% to 69.8% by 2 hours after, 10.9% to 70% by 2 to 4 hours after, 0.6% to 5.4% by 4 to 6 hours after the administration, and by 8 hours after the injection 91.3% of the drug was excreted in the urine. 2. Of 13 cases including 8 cases of bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infections, a case each of suppuration in the neck, lymphadenitis and pyothorax, CS-1170 was found to be effective in 10 cases (83.3%), while effectiveness of the drug was undeterminable in one case. 3. No remarkable side effect including allergic symptom such as eruption was observed, though transient elevation of GOT and GPT was noted in one case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefamandole in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, cefamandole (CMD), and following results were obtained. (1) Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CMD were determined after an intravenous administration of CMD 30 mg/kg in 13 children with normal renal function. In 5 of 13 children, mean serum levels after a one shot intravenous injection were 112.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 52.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 23.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.9 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and trace at 4 hours. In other 5 children, mean serum levels after drip infusion for 1 hour were 78 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 59 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 9.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and trace at 4 hours, after the onset of drip infusion. In the remaining 3 children who received CMD by drip infusion for 2 hours, mean serum levels were 24.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 35.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 30.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 5.3 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and 1.5 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after the onset of drip infusion. Urinary recovery rates in 5 children were 154.7%, 98.3%, 93.2%, 111.8% and 66.9%, respectively, during 8 hours. (2) CMD was administered to 40 patients with various infections (acute U.T.I. 8, acute angina lacunaris; 2, acute bronchitis; 5, cervical purulent lymphadenitis; 2, post-measles bronchopneumonia; 3, acute bronchopneumonia; 18, pyothorax; 2, S.S.S. syndrome; 1) by one-shot intravenous injection at a dose of 40-120 mg/kg per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% and bacteriological efficacy rate was 79.2%. (3) As the side effect of CMD, eosinophilia was observed in 1 case, rash and elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case, and proteinuria in 1 case.

Adolescent↗