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Biomedical subjects

Y Kondoh

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kondoh.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Regional specialization in synaptic input and output in an identified local nonspiking interneuron of the crayfish revealed by light and electron microscopy.

Lateral inhibition of several mechanosensory interneurons in the crayfish terminal ganglion is mediated by a pair of identified local nonspiking interneurons called local directionally selective (LDS) interneurons. The ultrastructure and synaptic distribution of these interneurons were investigated by using intracellular labeling with horseradish peroxidase for electron microscopy. The LDS interneuron has bilateral, asymmetric arborizations. They are connected by a thick transverse neurite on which no synapses are made. The neurites on the side ipsilateral to the cell body are smooth and receive almost entirely input synapses. On the other hand, the contralateral neurites have prominent numerous swellings or varicosities from which many short fine spines arise, with intermingled input and output synapses. Both synapses, however, are not always associated with varicosities and spines. Presynaptic neurites of the LDS interneuron contain only round agranular synaptic vesicles in the vicinity of synaptic specializations. These morphological findings correlate well with the physiology of this interneuron: it is functionally polarized to receive input on one side (ipsilateral to the cell body) of the ganglion and convey it to the other side.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of N-isopropyl-[125I]p-iodoamphetamine affinity sites in rat brain by autoradiography.

Affinity sites of N-isopropyl-[125I]p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) were studied in rat brain employing in vitro technique of receptor autoradiography. High degrees of IMP accumulation were observed in almost regions of white matter and some of gray matter. Phenethylamine, glutamic acid and serotonin suppressed IMP accumulation in all brain regions, in cerebral cortex and in hypothalamus, respectively. These results indicated that IMP was accumulated mainly due to its physicochemical property of lipophilicity and might have some interactions with neurotransmitter receptors.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1986

[Abdominal arteriovenous fistula due to rupture of aorto-iliac aneurysm with multivarious clinical manifestations. Report of a case with successful repair].

We present a 63-year old man with the arteriovenous fistula caused by the rupture of the aneurysm which extended from the abdominal aorta to the bilateral internal iliac arteries. The clinical manifestations included edema of the left lower extremity, pulmonary embolism, high-output congestive heart failure, origulia, azotemia, liver dysfunction and unstable angina. Because of the variety of the clinical symptoms and the lack of the awareness of this rare complication (arteriovenous fistula), we missed the prompt detection of the entity of the abdominal arteriovenous fistula. We finally succeeded the surgical closure of the fistula and the aortic reconstruction with a woven Dacron bifarcation graft. Problems of diagnosis and operative management are discussed.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1984

Effects of D-glucose anomers on sweetness, taste and gastric acid secretion in man.

Gastric acid outputs were examined in human subjects after lingual applications of d-glucose and its anomers. A dose-dependent increase in the acid output was noted following the application of equilibrated D-glucose consisting of 36% alpha- and 64% beta-anomer. The response was not reproduced after administration of atropin. The magnitude of acid output produced by alpha-anomer was different from that induced by beta-anomer in men who could not differentiate between sweetness of the two anomers. Results indicate that recognition of sweetness in the cortex is unrelated to the gastric response, and suggest that a subcortical mechanism may detect qualitative differences in taste and produce the oral phase of gastric acid secretion via vagus action in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Projection of statocyst sensory neurons associated with crescent hairs in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii girard.

The central projection of statocyst sensory neurons associated with the crescent hairs of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii was investigated. Cobalt fills of statocyst nerves revealed that they entered the brain as the two discrete fiber bundles and terminated in different portions of the brain. One terminates in the ipsilateral half of the brain and the other in the contralateral half. The later was further subdivided into two discrete components. The relationship between the location of statocyst receptors in the different regions of the crescent and their central projection pattern was investigated by the extracellular cobalt marking method. The results showed that the two fiber bundles, which projected to the ipsilateral and contralateral halves of the brain respectively, originated from different regions of the crescent. Ipsilaterally projecting neurons had their origin mainly in the posterior hairs of the sensory crescent whereas contralaterally projecting ones in the anterior hairs of the sensory crescent.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous blastogenesis assay for detection of renal allograft rejection in man.

In attempts to assess the possibility of allograft rejection, serial assays of spontaneous blastogenesis (SB) by uptake of tritium thymidine in 50 microliters whole blood were performed in 72 consecutive renal allograft recipients. Of 79 clinically diagnosed rejection episodes, 65 (82 per cent) had an associated elevation of SB values, and 14 (18 per cent) showed false negative results. In 38 (59 per cent) of 65 episodes in which the elevations of SB values were observed, the elevations preceded the clinical diagnosis by 1-7 days. Although large doses of steroids did not affect the values of SB, false positive elevations which were mainly caused by systemic infections occurred in 12 cases. There was no significant association between severity of rejection crisis and the maximum value of SB in the course. The SB assay requiring only a small amount of blood can be accomplished within 4-5 hours and provides a simple means of assessing and predicting host's immune responsiveness to the histocompatibility antigens.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of PSK on cell-mediated immune status in the patients of stomach cancer].

Among 56 patients with stomach cancer preoperative cell-mediated immunity in relation to clinical staging was studied: eight cases were subjected to a control study in order to evaluate effects of PSK on cell-mediated immune status, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. They were given MMC and FT-207, and 4 of them (the study group) received PSK in addition. Preoperative study showed that WBC count, peripheral lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte tended to show a decrease as the disease progressed, whereas there was no major change in PHA response of lymphocytes. Postoperative study on 4 control patients showed that peripheral lymphocyte and T lymphocyte decreased, and that IgG X FcR+ T cells significantly increased during postoperative period. Four patients in the study group who received PSK, however, did not show these characteristics. It thus appears that PSK is effective in activating cell, while immunity during postoperative period, possibly by counterworking suppressor cells including IgG X FcR+T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Immunosuppressive acidic glycoprotein (IAP) and immunosuppressive substance].

Serum IAP and IS levels were studied in patients with stomach cancer. We found that the serum levels of IAP and IS increased as the disease progressed; their true positive rates as tumor markers were 49.3% and 39.8%, respectively. There was some delicate difference between these glycoproteins and T-cell subpopulation. IAP and IS correlated well with a correlation coefficient of 0.847, their value in clinical oncology are thought to be equivalent. Some difference was found between their substances and ASP, this might indicate the heterogeneous nature of the circulating glycoproteins in varying cancer-bearing status.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Effects of phenobarbital on plasma concentration of phenytoin and mortality of mice treated with phenytoin after electroshock.

THe effects of phenobarbital on the plasma concentration of phenytoin and mortality of the phenytoin-treated mice were mainly studied. The plasma concentration of phenytoin estimated in the live mice after electroshock was significantly higher than that in the dead mice, suggesting that biological activity of phenytoin is dependent on its plasma concentration where individual difference seems to be large. Though the pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital lowered the plasma concentration of phenytoin, all the mice were alive after electroshock with further treatment with phenobarbital and phenytoin. These results suggest that combination of phenobarbital with phenytoin for the treatment of epileptic patients may be feasible.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular and metabolic reserve in Alzheimer's disease.

Vascular and metabolic reserve were analyzed in probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were measured quantitatively with positron emission tomography (PET). Vascular reactivity (VR) was also calculated by comparing the CBF during 5% CO(2) inhalation with the CBF during normal breathing. Vascular transit time (VTT) that was calculated as a ratio of CBV/CBF and VR reflect vasodilating capacity of the small resistance vessels, whereas OEF designates metabolic (oxygen-extraction) reserve in threatening brain ischemia. Significant increase in OEF was seen in the parieto-temporal cortex and both VTT and VR were preserved in AD patients. By constrast, there was no significant increase in OEF whereas VTT was prolonged and VR was markedly depressed in VaD patients. The increase of OEF and preserved VTT and VR seen in AD patients indicate the possible participation of vascular factors in the pathogenesis of AD perhaps at the capillary level.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serial high resolution CT findings in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the radiographic and serial high resolution CT (HRCT) findings in patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/ fibrosis (NSIP). METHOD: We identified 15 patients with biopsy-proven NSIP. Radiography and initial and follow-up CT findings were reviewed. RESULTS: Predominant radiographic findings were bilateral infiltrates distributing in the middle and lower lung zones and decreased lung volumes. At initial CT, predominant patterns were peribronchovascular interstitial thickening (n = 6), parenchymal bands (n = 8), intralobular interstitial thickening (n = 12), and traction bronchiectasis (n = 14). Mixed pattern of ground-glass opacity and consolidation (n = 11) were predominant findings of increased lung opacity. At follow-up CT in 14 cases, the abnormalities had disappeared completely in 3, improved in 9, persisted in 1, and worsened in 1. CONCLUSION: The pulmonary abnormalities observed in NSIP on HRCT can disappear or be diminished in most cases after corticosteroid therapy. Intralobular interstitial thickening and traction bronchiectasis, which have been considered to be indicators of irreversible fibrosis, also show favorable responses.

Adult↗