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Biomedical subjects

Y Kondoh

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kondoh.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A case of esophageal carcinoma complicated by Crohn's disease].

A case of an esophageal cancer complicated by Crohn's disease is reported. A 76-year-old female was admitted to the Nara National Hospital with symptoms of melena and dysphagia. An esophageal X-ray study revealed a circular, stenotic lesion at the lower intra-thoracic esophagus. Histological examination of a specimen confirmed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A barium enema was then given which showed an irregular stenotic lesion, 28 cm in length, at the terminus of the ileum. Thus, an esophageal blind resection and a resection of the terminal portion of the ileum was jointly performed. A histological examination of the resected ileum confirmed Crohn's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of guanfacine on the levels of cyclic nucleotides in anesthetized rat brain regions].

Effects of an antihypertensive drug, guanfacine, on brain regional cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels were studied in anesthetized rats. Cyclic nucleotides were analyzed in seven brain regions. Guanfacine decreased blood pressure and heart rate 20 min after administration. Yohimbine inhibited these hemodynamic effects of guanfacine. Guanfacine reduced cyclic AMP levels in the hypothalamus. The reducing effect of guanfacine on cyclic AMP was antagonized by yohimbine in the hypothalamus. Guanfacine lowered cyclic GMP in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and hypothalamus. Yohimbine inhibited the effect of guanfacine on cyclic GMP in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and hypothalamus. Prazosin showed no effect on guanfacine induced change of cyclic nucleotides in any brain region. From these results, it is concluded that guanfacine decreased cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in the hypothalamus. In addition, it is suggested that alpha-2 adrenoceptors mainly modulate these changes of cyclic nucleotides.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of methotrexate on local cerebral blood flow in conscious rats.

The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on local cerebral blood flow (I-CBF) was studied with autoradiographic [14C]-iodoantipyrine methods in normal conscious rats. I-CBF was reduced by 30-57% in the rats given MTX (100 mg or 200 mg/body) as compared to that in the saline injected control group, but no dose-dependent effect was observed. The mechanism of I-CBF reduction by MTX was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Concentrations of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and other acute phase reactants in patients with gastric cancer.

The serum levels of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, immunosuppressive acidic glycoprotein, acid soluble glycoproteins, and sialic acid as acute phase reactants (APRs) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a cancer-producing glycoprotein were measured preoperatively in 245 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy and were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy. The patients were classified into four groups: group A had normal leverl of serum CEA and APRs; group B had abnormal CEA levels; group C had normal levels of CEA and one or more abnormal levels of APRs; and group D showed abnormal levels of CEA and one or more abnormal levels of APRs. Groups A and B showed good survival rates, but groups C and D had poor rates. The patients in groups A and C who received immunochemotherapy exhibited significantly better survival rates than those treated with chemotherapy. The pretreatment of levels of CEA and APRs have potential as aids in prognosis and in the selection of suitable immunopotentiators and anticancer drugs for cancer patients.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of a combination assay of CEA, CA-19-9 and TPA in patients with colorectal cancer].

The effectiveness of serum CEA (56 cases), CA-19-9 (53 cases) and TPA (48 cases) in patients with colorectal cancer has been evaluated. The preoperative sensitivity and specificity of CEA and CA 19-9 were found to be almost the same in level but the level of TPA was low. In 20 cases recurrent, the sensitivity of the marker was 66.7% in the liver, 60% in the lung, and 66.7% in the local recurrence of primary foci. In these recurrent cases, serum CEA in initially elevated to 65%, CA 19-9 to 25%, and TPA to only 10%. In diagnostic rate imaging or in our clinical findings, however, the frequency was almost the same as tumor markers.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on an experimental ulcer system induced by cysteamine in rats--dopaminergic mechanism vs pathogenesis of peptic ulceration].

The physiological roles of sympathetic nerve system in the stomach has been thought to be very important in the pathogenesis of peptic ulceration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on gastric acid secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer formation induced by cysteamine injection in rats. Cysteamine was given by subcutaneous injection as 400mg/kg in doses. Dopamine was given by continuous iv infusion as 2, 4 and 8 micrograms/kg/min in doses. Domperidone regarded as antagonists of D2 receptor was given by continuous iv infusion as 2 micrograms/kg/min in doses. As a result of acid output measured during infusion of dopamine alone or dopamine with domperidone in non-vagotomized or vagotomized rats, increasing effects of dopamine on acid output were depended on dopaminergic mechanism, and decreasing effects of dopamine on acid output were depended on dopaminergic mechanism in rami vagus. As a result of duodenal and gastric ulcer index, ulcerogenicity of cysteamine in the stomach was concerned with dopaminergic mechanism more than that of in the duodenum. These results suggested that the pathogenesis of experimental ulcer induced by cysteamine injection was depended on dopamine receptor in the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of advanced cancer of the urinary tract with interleukin-2 (IL-2)].

Eight patients with advanced cancer of the urinary tract were treated with recombinant interleukin-2(IL-2) at our department between December, 1985 and September, 1987. Patients were given 5 x 10(5)-4 x 10(6) units of IL-2 by intravenous drip infusion daily. One of five patients who received IL-2 for over 28 days showed 62% regression in size of hepatic metastasis of bladder cancer on computed tomography and another showed marked improvement of Performance Status. The upward tendency of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer activity of peripheral blood was observed during treatment. Fever, mental disturbance, hypotension and eosinophilia and others were recognized during administration of IL-2, and cardiac failure and disturbance of renal function were also recognized as severe side effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Determination of zinc pyrithione in cosmetic products by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-labelling.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the determination of zinc pyrithione (Zpt) in commercial cosmetic products. Zpt was pre-labelled with N-dansylaziridine and determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Ingredients in cosmetic products did not interfere in the pre-labelling reaction. The calibration graph for Zpt was linear in the range 1.4-66 ng. The coefficient of variation was 0.9% for 17-ng injections. Using the proposed method, Zpt in commercial cosmetic products was determined with high sensitivity and high selectivity. The proposed method is also applicable to the determination of trace amounts of Zpt adsorbed on human hair.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Neuronal structure and synaptic distribution of a uropod closer motor neuron in the crayfish terminal ganglion.

One of the uropod closer muscles in the crayfish, the adductor exopodite, is innervated by two large identified motor neurons. They were injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase or nickel chloride to reveal the structure and distribution of the input and output synapses using electron microscopy. The development of nickel with rubeanic acid greatly improved the tissue preservation at the ultrastructural level compared with ammonium sulphide. Cell bodies of the motor neurons lying in the ventro-lateral cortex of the ganglion are extensively invaginated by glial cells. Input synapses occur directly upon the primary neurite within the neuropil or upon the major anterior neurite. They are most abundant, however, upon the numerous smaller neurites of the motor neuron. The primary neurite in the dorsal region of the neuropil, upon which no synapses were made, is wrapped with glial cells. Occasionally, these two adductor exopodite motor neurons were found as adjacent postsynaptic profiles at the same synapse when both cells were stained simultaneously in the same preparation. In the present study we could not locate any sites of synaptic output which strictly fulfil the structural criteria of a synapse on the processes of the motor neuron. This result is inconsistent with physiological evidence which suggests that spikeless interactions occur between the two adductor exopodite motor neurons and their synergists. This might be the result of two possible features of the interaction: the sites of synaptic output may be limited to a few restricted branches, and the interaction between these motor neurons may depend largely upon electrical synapses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Proteinase production and pathogenicity of Candida albicans. I. Invasion into chorioallantoic membrane by C. albicans strains of different proteinase activity.

In order to investigate a role of proteinase in the pathogenesis of Candida infections, invasion of C. albicans strains of different proteinase activity into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicks was studied. Eight strains were used after examining the inducible proteinase activity in the culture containing bovine serum albumin as the sole source of nitrogen. Six were proteinase-producing strains (type I) and two were proteinase-deficient ones (type II). Type I strains were subdivided into type Ia strains in which the proteinase activity persisted for a week in the in vitro culture and type Ib ones in which the enzyme activity was lost by the 7th day after inoculation. By inoculation onto CAM, the type I strains could invade the tissue in which secreted proteinase was detected on the periphery of the invading Candida cells by immunohistochemical method. At an early stage of the infection, proteinase secretion was detected on the surface of the yeast cells before their entry into the tissue. The type II strains remained on the surface of the CAM and did not invade the tissue where the secretion of the enzyme was not detected. The mortality rate of the chick embryo was not correlated with the degree of proteinase production of these strains. Two type Ib strains invaded the CAM tissue and elicited some tissue reactions by the host, yielding a low mortality rate of the chick embryos. These results suggested that the secretion of proteinase was an important factor for the invasion of CAM but other factors were also involved for the pathogenicity of C. albicans.

Allantois↗
PubMed1987

Proteinase production and pathogenicity of Candida albicans. II. Virulence for mice of C. albicans strains of different proteinase activity.

We have studied the virulence for mice of Candida albicans strains with different proteinase activity in the culture. The mortality rates for mice infected with the type Ia strains, which secrete proteinase whose activity porsisted for a week in vitro, were higher than those infected with the type Ib strains, which secrete proteinase whose activity declined at 2 or 3 days in vitro and the type II proteinase-deficient strains. This was substantiated by the number of colony-forming units (CFU) recovered from kidneys of mice infected with C. albicans. In the kidney tissues of mice infected with the type Ia strains, extensive invasion by fungal cells and the secretion of proteinase were histologically demonstrated, while in those infected with the type Ib and II strains fungal cells were rarely found. However, the mice infected with the type Ib strain NUM 978 were an exception; the recovery of CFU from the kidney was high, but the animals survived longer. Histologically, Candida cells were not colonized but interspersed in the tissue. Type II strain NUM 584 was found to be moderately virulent when infected at a high dose. These observations indicate that the proteinase plays a role in type Ia strains but that other factors are involved in the type Ib or II strains for the establishment of pathogenicity of C. albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of biological response modifier on thoracic duct lymphocytes in recurrent gastric cancer. Evaluation of OK-432, a hemolytic streptococcus preparation.

In 9 patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma treated with intracutaneous injections of a hemolytic streptococcal preparation of OK-432 (PIC), the T/B cell ratio, the number of IgG-Fc receptor positive (T gamma) cells, the degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin-A (Con-A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and the activity of natural killer cells (NK) in the thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were measured. In thoracic duct lymph, the T cell to B cell ratio was higher than that found in peripheral blood. The proportion of T gamma cells and the natural killer cell activity was found to be considerably lower in TDL than PBL, though there was a higher degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to Con-A and PHA in TDL. After the administration of PIC, there was no significant difference in T/B cell ratios and T gamma cell proportion between TDL and PBL, though the lymphocytic blastoid transformation in response to Con-A and PHA decreased in TDL but not in PBL. PIC administration appeared to augument natural killer cell activity in both TDL and PBL.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effects of oral administration of streptococcal preparation OK-432 on thoracic duct lymphocytes.

One KE of streptococcal preparation OK-432 (PIC) was given orally to 6-week old male Wistar-Imamichi rats twice weekly, and control animals received comparable volumes of saline alone. Samples of thoracic duct lymph and posterior vena caval blood were collected prior to and 4 and 8 weeks following PIC. The T cell count of thoracic duct lymphocytes was about three times greater than that of venous blood specimens, and increased significantly in animals following PIC. Controls showed only a slight increase followed by a decrease, so that by 8 weeks of treatment with PIC, the thoracic duct T cell count revealed a significantly greater number in the PIC group than in the controls. In addition, after 8 weeks the per cent T cell subpopulation in thoracic duct lymph increased significantly in the treated group, but it declined in the control group. Concerning T cell subsets in thoracic duct lymphocytes, the percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells showed a significant elevation in the control group after 4 weeks compared with the treated group. No other blood or lymph variables reached statistical significance in this respect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Hemolytic streptococcus preparation OK-432; beneficial adjuvant therapy in recurrent gastric carcinoma.

The administration of a hemolytic streptococcus preparation, OK-432, is thought to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer patients through a stimulatory effect on the immune system. In order to evaluate any beneficial effect of such an administration, a group of patients with recurrent gastric cancer was studied. This group was randomly subdivided into 3 groups: 1) Intradermal group (ID Group), 42 patients given an intradermal injections of OK-432. 2) Intramuscular group (IM Group), 40 patients given an intramuscular injections of OK-432. 3) Control group (C Group), 39 patients not given injections. Each group was studied in regards to the length of survival, the host immune response and the incidence of side effects. When compared to the IM and C Groups, the ID Group showed improved survival. Accompanying this improved survival, the ID Group also had greater white cell and lymphocyte counts, a greater number of T cells, and a more dramatic skin reaction to the extracted cell wall polysaccharide of hemolytic streptococcus Su-strain (Su-PS). The ID Group, following OK-432 injection, had a 4.8% incidence of fever and a 52.4% incidence of local abscess formation at the injection site. 90% of the IM Group developed fever but abscess formation was absent in all patients. From these results, it was concluded that in the patients tested, intradermal injection of OK-432 appears to be clinically superior to intramuscular injection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Distribution and ultrastructure of synapses on a premotor local nonspiking interneuron of the crayfish.

Many premotor local nonspiking interneurons are involved in the control of the uropod movements of a crayfish. One of these interneurons was impaled intracellularly, characterized physiologically, and then labeled by intracellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection to examine the distribution and ultrastructure of synapses. Depolarization of this interneuron by a current injection excited the closer motoneurons of the uropod and inhibited its opener motoneurons, but hyperpolarization had no effect. Input and output synapses are distributed all over the major branches and the finer neurites except for the main neurite (7-10 micron in diameter), which runs near the dorsal surface of the neuropil. Both types of synapse are located on the same neurite and are often intermingled in close proximity, often less than 1 micron apart. Presynaptic terminals of the interneuron contain round, clear vesicles that are densely packed in fine branches and spines. The number of synaptic vesicles associated with a particular output synapse was estimated to be about 2,000. No dense-cored granules are observed in the labeled neurites. Our results support the proposal that synaptic transmission in this class of interneurons of the crayfish can sometimes be restricted to a very small region of the branches and that, therefore, different regions of the interneuron can function independently.

Animals↗