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Biomedical subjects

Y Koide

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koide.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A comparison between ultrasonography and mammography, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography for the detection of breast cancers.

Ultrasound (US) was compared with mammography (MMG), computed tomography (CT), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in its effectiveness to detect breast cancer masses and metastatic axillary nodes. Forty-seven breast cancer patients who all underwent MMG, US, CT, and DSA preoperatively in our institution between 1986 and 1990 were studied. US was able to detect tumors in all cases regardless of tumor size, whereas DSA detected T1-size tumors and MMG detected T2-size tumors in 40% and 64.7% of cases, respectively, being specifically inferior to US. It was found that MMG was least likely to detect papillotubular carcinoma, although microcalcification alone without a tumor mass on MMG improved detectability from 46.2% to 76.9%, according to the histological type. CT was found to be most sensitive to axillary node metastases (81.8%), followed by US (72.7%), but DSA was significantly unfavorable (42.9%). Thus, we concluded that US was superior to MMG, CT, and DSA for detecting breast cancer masses, but that CT was more advantageous than US, while DSA was of little value for evaluating axillary nodal status.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A comparative study on T cell receptor V beta gene usages: spleen cells from the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and its non-diabetic sister strain, the ILI mouse, and infiltrating T cells into pancreata of NOD mice.

We analyzed the usage of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta genes of spleen cells of NOD mice in comparison with those of its non-diabetic sister strain ILI mice which show no insulitis and (ILI x NOD)F1 mice. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method revealed that PCR V beta repertoires of these mice are indistinguishable. This is consistent with our previous observation that ILI mice share the same H-2 class II genes with NOD mice. PCR method also revealed that the V beta transcript of infiltrating T cells into pancreas of NOD mice was not restricted but was rather diverse. The role of TCR repertoire in the development of insulitis was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of two distinct gonadotropins, GTHI and GTHII, from bonito (Katsuwonus plelamis) pituitary glands.

Two distinct glycoproteins homologous to chum salmon GTHI and GTHII were isolated from the pituitary glands of a marine fish, the bonito (Katsuwonus plelamis), and characterized by amino acid sequence analysis in order to obtain additional evidence for duality of teleost GTHs. Glycoproteins were extracted from the pituitary glands, and intact GTHI and GTHII, consisting of two distinct subunits, were purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, rpHPLC on Asahipak C4P-50 in alkaline buffer, and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The association of the subunits was stable in GTHI (39 kD) and unstable in GTHII (30 kD) in acidic conditions. Immunoblotting revealed that antisera against beta subunits of chum salmon GTHs reacted with GTHII, but not with GTHI. In addition, none of the GTHs was stained with antiserum against human TSH beta. Sequence analysis demonstrated that bonito GTHI beta is homologous to salmon GTHI beta with 43% sequence identity, and bonito GTHII beta is homologous to salmon GTHII beta with 67% identity. Sequence identity between bonito GTHI beta and GTHII beta was only 28%. Thus, it is evident that the bonito pituitary gland produces two chemically distinct gonadotropins homologous to chum salmon GTHs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Anatomical study on the right bronchial artery for operation of esophageal cancer through right thoracotomy with special reference to the intercostobronchial arteries].

In view of the operative field of esophageal cancer, anatomical findings of the right bronchial arteries were studied in specimens of 71 cadavers. Intercostobronchial arteries were absent only in 3 cadavers (4.2%; group A). As 22.6% of the cadavers had only one intercostobronchial artery supplied as the right bronchial artery (group B), it was considered to be important to preserve this artery. Cadavers both with the intercostobronchial artery and with the other right bronchial-arteries were observed in 70.4% (group C). Right bronchial arteries deriving from the aorta to course similarly to intercostobronchial arteries were present in small number (group D). Further, right bronchial arteries were classified into three types according to the deriving arteries as follows: (I) intercostobronchial arteries, (II) bronchial arteries deriving from the aorta, (III) other right bronchial arteries deriving from right subclavian artery, right inferior thyroid artery or right interthoracic artery. Considering difficulty of the approach from the operative field with right thoracotomy and the anatomical relationship with neighboring organs, it was thought that preserving the type (I) arteries is easy, the type (III) has a possibility to be preserved, and (II) is hard to be preserved. We concluded that preserving intercostobronchial arteries is important in esophageal cancer surgery approached through right thoracotomy because of small number of cadavers without these arteries and ease of preservation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Anatomic study of the bronchial arteries for operation of esophageal cancer].

In view of the operative field of esophageal cancer, anatomic findings of the bronchial arteries were studied in specimens of 38 cadavers. The number of right and left bronchial arteries were 68 and 61, respectively. The most common branching type was two right and two left arteries, occurring in 36.8% (14/38). Next common type was two right and one left arteries (34.2%). Each specimen had one right intercostobronchial artery and it was considered easy to preserve blood supply to right bronchial artery when cleansing of mediastinal lymphatic chain is performed. But the other 30 right bronchial arteries originating from the aorta coursed, to the area of inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and thus there will be possibility of injury. All of the left bronchial arteries derived from the aorta. The course of 5 left bronchial arteries ran to the area of inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and the one of 41 arteries passed to the area of left tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Therefore, there will be strong possibility of injury to these left bronchial arteries. But the other 19 left bronchial arteries didn't course to any area of lymph nodes, and the arteries can possibly be preserved.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Multimodality treatment of thoracic esophageal carcinoma].

Current multimodality treatment of thoracic esophageal carcinoma in our institution was described. The rate of superficial carcinomas is increasing in recent years, and they are treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) or with the thoracotomy approach. Treatment is based on precise diagnosis of the depth of cancer invasion and nodal involvement using endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Three-field lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma, including superficial one, was started in 1983 as a standard operation, and its indications have been gradually decreasing for the past 10 years. As a result of accurate, individualized treatment, life table analysis revealed no significant difference between 2- and 3-field lymphadenectomy. Multimodality treatment of advanced cases is mainly composed of 3-field lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy of systemic therapy is regarded as more important than concurrent irradiation of local therapy. Recently powerful chemotherapy is becoming more frequent pre- or postoperatively. Our routine regimen is CDDP and infusional 5-FU with leucovorin as a biochemical modulator.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Gene cloning and characterization of a novel extracellular ribonuclease of Bacillus subtilis.

An extracellular nuclease gene of Bacillus subtilis was cloned in the same organism by detecting the amplified enzyme activity, which was secreted from the transformant cells on an RNA-containing agar medium. An open reading frame encoding 289 amino acids was identified within the cloned fragment. The transcriptional initiation site was determined by nuclease S1 mapping and the promoter region showed similarity to the conserved recognition sequences for the E sigma A and/or E sigma E RNA polymerases. The production of the nuclease by the B. subtilis transformants greatly depends on the liquid medium used. SDS/PAGE analysis of the purified enzyme showed two adjoining bands of molecular mass about 32 kDa, and the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis suggested that the NH2-terminal portion of the nuclease was subjected to a limited proteolysis after or during secretion. The nuclease was uniquely characterized as a Mg(2+)-activated ribonuclease which hydrolyzes RNA apparently nonspecifically into oligonucleotides with 5'-terminal phosphate. The deduced amino acid sequence of this enzyme shows no obvious similarity with other nuclease sequences.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Effect of verapamil on the class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells treated with recombinant human interferon-gamma.

The effects of various compounds which modulated the intracellular signal transduction on the induction of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) were investigated using K562, chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Class I or class II MHC antigens were not expressed in untreated K562 cells and rIFN-gamma (600 units/ml) weakly induced class I antigens on the cells. Among the compounds tested, verapamil but not the calcium ionophore A23187 enhanced the rIFN-gamma-induced class I antigen expression at both the surface molecule and mRNA levels and enhancement by verapamil occurred in a dose-dependent manner at non-toxic concentrations examined (approximately 50 microM). Verapamil alone had no inducible effect on MHC antigen expression. Deprivation of Ca2+ in culture medium by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) could not cause an enhancement of class I antigen induction by rIFN-gamma. Simultaneous exposure of K562 cells to rIFN-gamma (600 units/ml) and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF; 1000 units/ml) in combination with verapamil (50 microM) resulted in a further increase of class I antigens in the cells. The expressions of c-myc oncogene in K562 cells were not changed when the cells were treated with rIFN-gamma (600 units/ml) or verapamil (50 microM), either alone or in combination. These results indicate that verapamil synergistically interacts with rIFN-gamma on the class I antigen induction in K562 cells irrespective of c-myc gene expression and that class I antigen induction in this cell line may not be relevant to calcium influx triggered by IFN-gamma.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1992

Maturational gonadotropin from the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: purification, characterization, localization, and biological activity.

A gonadotropic hormone of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was was purified and chemically characterized. Its biological activity was tested and its localization in the gonadotropic cells of the pituitary demonstrated. An ethanolic extract of 500 pituitaries of adult male and female African catfish was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52. The 31- to 38-kDa fraction was further purified on Sephadex G-75. On rpHPLC over an ODS 120T column two major components appeared as single bands after SDS-PAGE. From the amino acid composition and sequence analysis of these fractions, compared with those of salmon and carp GTH II-alpha and salmon GTH II-beta it was concluded that they represent catfish GTH alpha- and II-beta-subunits. The biological activity of the complete hormone (the 31- to 38-kDa fraction from the G-75 column) was tested on the production of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone by catfish testis in vitro. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the purified beta-subunit. Immunocytochemical study using these showed them to bind specifically to hypophysial gonadotropic cells. To date only one form of GTH has been demonstrated in the African catfish.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A rapid and sensitive method for HLA-DRB1 typing by acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes.

A rapid and accurate detection of HLA class II antigen is essential for transplantation and for the understanding of disease susceptibility. Recent molecular genetic studies have revealed that the number of class II loci and the number of alleles at these loci are greater than had been previously detected. It is, therefore, of great importance to detect these extensive polymorphisms. A great deal of effort has been made on identification of individual HLA class II specificities at the DNA level, called "DNA typing." What seems to be lacking, however, is handling simplicity. Here we accomplished a simple method for HLA-DRB1 typing based on hybridization of acridinium-ester (AE)-labeled DNA probes to amplified DNA. This method is called hybridization protection assay (HPA). By using 13 AE-labeled probes, 20 homozygous B-cell lines and leukocytes from 80 healthy individuals were typed by HPA. The results were completely consistent with those obtained by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism. This method is suitable for mass screening because of its procedural simplicity and swiftness.

Acridines↗
PubMed1992

[The signal transduction mechanism responsible for interferon-gamma-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene expression in T98G cells].

The interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is implicated in the inhibition of intracellular pathogens, e.g. Chlamydia psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii. The intracellular signaling molecules responsible for the induction of IDO gene expression were investigated by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The gene expression was inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Being consistent with this, IFN-gamma induced increased tyrosine phosphorylation and this was inhibited by genistein. The transcription of IDO gene was not inhibited by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, H-7 and staurosporine, or a calmodulin inhibitor, W-7. Irrelevance of PKC in IDO gene expression was supported by the failure of PMA or PMA + A23187 to induce IDO gene expression. These results all suggest that the tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical event in IFN-gamma-inducible IDO gene expression and PKC is not involved in the gene expression.

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic↗