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Biomedical subjects

Y Kano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kano.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Subepithelial elastic fibers in the bovine gastric mucosa.

The arrangement of subepithelial elastic fibers in the bovine gastric mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopy, with special reference to the elastic architecture of the cornified papillae. A common feature of their arrangement was that the fibers, derived from the elastic plexus in the deep layer of the lamina propria, extend perpendicularly toward the epithelium giving off the slender branches that end at the epithelial basement membrane. The connecting branches were observed electron microscopically in the form of oxytalan or slender elaunin fibers. The high frequency of fibers was found in the mucosa of the upper part of the ruminal atrium, the ruminal pillars, the reticular cristae and two kinds of cornified unguiculiform and omasal papillae. Each papilla consisted of the core of three-dimensional elastic network and numerous connecting-twigs arising from the superficial points of the network. The mucosae of the ruminal sacs, the floor of the reticular cells and the abomasum except the pyloric part were relatively poor in elastic fibers. These results suggest that the variation in fiber-arrangement may be relevant to the condition of mechanical stress inflicting on the gastric innersurface.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and III in the bovine salivary glands and stomach.

The immunolocalization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes in bovine salivary glands and stomach were first investigated in order to discuss their biologic functions. In parotid glands, CA-II was located in serous acinar cells, whereas CA-III, in the duct segments. In contrast, a strong reaction was shown for both CA-II and CA-III in the duct segments of the submandibular gland, especially CA-III was selectively located in basal cells of the interlobular ductal epithelium; however, these glands essentially lacked CA-I. On the other hand, epithelial cells of the rumen, reticulum and omasum showed cytoplasmic reaction for CA-I, II and III in all layers of the epithelium, except the stratum coroneum. The parietal cells in the abomasal epithelium were more intensely stained for CA-II, but not for CA-I and CA-III. Immunolocalization of CA isozymes in serous cells in the parotid gland indicates their primary function in secreting macromolecules, whereas localization of CA in striated and excretory ducts in the parotid and submandibular gland suggests their traditional function in fluid and electrolytic transport. The biologic function of CA isozymes in the ruminal, reticular and omasal mucosa are postulated to influence the absorption and excretion of volatile fatty acid and NH4; the abomasal parietal cell is considered to be involved in ion transport.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1989

[Germ-line configuration of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in a case of B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

A 20-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever and knee joint pain on March 20, 1986. Physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly. White blood cell count was 32,800 microliters with 74.4% blast cells. Bone marrow was hypercellular with 93.6% blast cells. Blast cells were weakly positive for acid phosphatase and PAS stainings but were negative for peroxidase, sudan black B and esterase stainings. Cell surface marker analysis of blast cells disclosed that they were positive for anti-HLA-DR, CD19, CD24, CD33 and CD38, but were negative for CD10 and CD20. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin of blast cells was negative and TdT activity by immunofluorescent method was positive. Chromosomal analysis of bone marrow samples revealed normal karyotype. Therefore, this case was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2) and achieved complete remission with LVP therapy consisting of 1-asparaginase, vincristine and prednisolone. Gene analysis of blast cells disclosed germ-line configuration of both the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and T cell receptor beta chain gene. We speculated that the phenotype of leukemic cells might precede the genotype in some cases of acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

The ultrastructure of bovine ileal follicle-associated epithelial (FAE) cells during the perinatal period.

The ileal follicle-associated epithelial (FAE) cells in bovine fetuses and neonates were examined by light and electron microscopy. In 7-9 months old fetuses (68, 82 and 86 cm CRL) the dome epithelium was usually a little thinner than elsewhere and contained more intra-epithelial leucocytes. FAE cells were already distinguishable by their being more cuboidal and eosinophilic than the other epithelial cells. The cytoplasm of the FAE cells bulged noticeably into the lumen and contained numerous mitochondria and vacuoles. At 18 hours and 21 hours after birth, the dome epithelium was more columnar and eosinophilic than previously and contained more intra-epithelial leucocytes. The FAE cells showed characteristic bulging of large cytoplasmic processes into the lumen, as seen in the previous stage. In the cytoplasm, moderate numbers of mitochondria, numerous vesicles and microtubules could be seen. Frequently degenerated FAE cells could also be found among normal FAE cells in the epithelium. After this stage the cytoplasmic processes almost disappeared but distribution of the other organelles was similar to that seen at the previous stage except that multivesicular bodies were frequently seen in the apical cytoplasm. These histological results suggest that bovine ileal FAE cells are histologically and functionally mature by birth and that at birth they seem to be able to react against the penetration of pathogenic substances from the extrauterine environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Aclarubicin-combined combination chemotherapy in patients with refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Patients with lymphoma who became refractory or resistant to standard chemotherapy including anthracyclines were treated with aclarubicin-combined chemotherapy including VP-16, ifosfamide, and carboquone in a multicenter study. Twenty-one patients were entered in this study, and 18 of them were evaluable. The median age was 52 years old (range 27-74), and there were 17 male and 3 female patients. The vast majority of patients were diagnosed as having diffuse lymphoma, of which 10 cases had large cell type. Surface markers were measured in 8 patients, of whom 4 had T-cell lymphoma. Remission was attained in 3 of 18 patients (17%) with one complete and lasting remission with T-cell lymphoma. In conclusion, the response rate in this study was poor, but this type of combination chemotherapy might be considered in patients with T-cell lymphoma.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1989

A transient hemolytic reaction and stomatocytosis following vinca alkaloid administration.

We analyzed hemolytic reaction following vinca alkaloid administration in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and malignant lymphoma in the leukemic phase. During the course of chemotherapy in which vinca alkaloids were included, indirect-form dominant hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 21 of the 31 evaluable patients. In 8 patients with hyperbilirubinemia, reticulocytosis coincided with vinca alkaloid administration. Peripheral blood films showed prominent anisocytosis in 4 patients and increased stomatocytes in 10 patients. Red cell membrane studies in patients with hemolysis revealed increased sodium transport and increased activity of Na+, K+-ATPase. These findings were considered to represent the abnormal membrane "leakiness". Thus, vinca alkaloids might induce erythrocytotoxicity, which leads to acquired stomatocytosis with hemolysis in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mammary gland growth and response to hormones in mastomys compared with mice.

Mammary gland growth with or without hormone manipulation was examined in virgin mastomys (Praomys (mastomys) natalensis) and compared with C3H/He mice having a low mammary tumor incidence. Mammary glands of mastomys consisted mostly of duct systems even at 720 days of age, whereas conspicuous formation of normal end-buds and preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodules were seen in the glands of mice after 180 days of age. Mammary glands of mastomys showed a higher response to estrogen or progesterone rather than prolactin, which is much different from other rodents.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Two- and three-dimensional ultrastructure of endothelium and pericyte interdigitations in capillary of human granulation tissue.

Two- and three-dimensional electron microscopic observation in the immature capillary of the human granulation tissue revealed cytoplasmic interdigitations (CID) between the endothelium and the pericyte. These were composed of a cytoplasmic projection and indentation, and there was a gap space without basement membrane-like components between the two cell membranes. Plasmalemmal vesicles were frequently found locating beneath and/or attached to the cell membranes at the indentated side of the interdigitation. Two kinds of cytoplasmic interdigitation, each having a characteristic configuration, were demonstrated. The CID which was composed of a cytoplasmic projection from the endothelium to the pericyte had a dull-shaped cytoplasmic projection, while the CID which was composed of a cytoplasmic projection from the pericyte to the endothelium had a slender and long finger-like configuration.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1989

[Distribution of the muscle coat at the pars pylorica in swine stomach].

Distribution of the muscle layers around the pars pylorica of the swine stomach was examined. In the antrum pyloricum of the pars pylorica, a distinct stratified structure of the tunica muscularis was found and the muscle bundles of the stratum longitudinale showed rectangular crossing over those of the stratum orbicularis. In the canalis pyloricus of the pars pylorica, on the contrary, stratified structure was indistinct. It is because the running direction of the muscle bundles changes continuously from longitudinal to orbicular layers. In the tunica muscularis of the canalis pyloricus, the authors successfully identified two wide streams of muscle bundles, which were supposed to play an important role in the mechanism of closing the ostium pyloricum. One of the streams was such muscle bundles that distributed annularly around the distal end of the canalis pyloricus forming a broad thick plate inside the curvature ventriculi major. The plate was thick at the curvatura ventriculi major, then became thin toward the curvature ventriculi minor, and finally disappeared. The second of the streams was such muscle bundles that distributed annularly in an area from distal to central part of the canalis pyloricus and, turning its direction to the distal end of the curvatura ventriculi minor, ran in the canalis pyloricus obliquely. Finally it entered into the torus pyloricus where it ran brush-wise, inclining distally, to the tip of the torus pyloricus, and ended as a stump-like form. It is clear that these two streams of muscle bundles functions to narrow the lumen of the distal portion of the canalis pyloricus at the phase of either contraction or relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Construction and characterization of the deletion mutant of hupA and hupB genes in Escherichia coli.

Insertion and deletion mutations of the hupB and hupA genes, which encode the HU-1 and HU-2 proteins, respectively, of Escherichia coli, have been constructed in vitro and transferred to the hup loci on the bacterial chromosome. The mutations were constructed by inserting a gene encoding chloramphenicol resistance or kanamycin resistance into the coding region of the hupB or hupA gene, respectively. A complete deletion of the hupA gene was constructed by replacing the entire hupA coding region with the kanamycin resistance gene. Cells in which either the hupB or the hupA gene is defective grow normally, but cells in which both of the hup genes are defective exhibit phenotypes different from the wildtype strain. The hupA-hupB double mutants are cold-sensitive, although their growth rate is normal at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, the viability of the hupA-hupB double mutants is severely reduced when the cells are subjected to either cold shock or heat shock, indicating that the hup genes are essential for cell survival under some conditions of stress. The double mutants also exhibit filamentation when grown in the lower range of permissive growth temperature.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Participation of hup gene product in ori2-dependent replication of fertility plasmid F.

The fertility plasmid F'gal was not stably maintained in a hupA-hupB double mutant of Escherichia coli. Moreover, mini-F plasmids pFZY1, pFTC1 and pFTC2 were unable to transform the double mutant, though these plasmids efficiently transformed cells harboring a hupA or hupB single mutation. The composite plasmid pFHS1, which consists of the f5 DNA fragment of F plasmid and the whole DNA of a pSC101 derivative that carries a temperature-sensitive mutation for DNA replication, was not stably maintained in the hup double mutant at 42 degrees C. These findings strongly suggest that HU protein is required for ori2-dependent replication of the F plasmid.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Genetic characterization of the gene hupA encoding the HU-2 protein of Escherichia coli.

The gene hupA encoding the HU-2 (HU-alpha) protein of Escherichia coli was mapped between rpoBC at 90 min and metA at 90.5 min on the K-12 genome by plasmid integration and P1-mediated transduction studies. Genetic studies using plasmid rescue techniques and physical mapping demonstrated that the gene order is rpoBC-hupA-rrnE-metA. The rpoBC is located approximately 10 kb proximal to the hupA gene, and rrnE about 8 kb distal to it. Thus, the direction of hupA gene transcription is clockwise on the E. coli map [Bachmann B.J., Microbiol. Rev. 47 (1983) 180-230].

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Effects of vincristine in combination with methotrexate and other antitumor agents in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in culture.

The effects of vincristine (VCR) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) and other antitumor agents were evaluated by cell growth inhibition assay using a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (MOLT-3). The data were analyzed with the aid of an isobologram using the concept of an envelope of additivity (G. G. Steel and M. J. Peckman, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., 5:85-91, 1979). Simultaneous exposure of VCR and MTX produced subadditive or mutually protective interactions. Sequential exposure to VCR first followed immediately by MTX produced similar interactions. When the interval of VCR exposure first and then MTX was increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibition of cell growth moved from protection and subadditivity to additivity only. The reversed order of exposure to the 2 drugs produced an entirely different picture. Thus, when the interval of MTX exposure first followed by VCR increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibitory effects of the combination changed progressively from the area of subadditivity to the area of supraadditivity. When these data were evaluated using median effect plot analyses (T-C. Chou and P. Talalay. In: New Avenues in Developmental Cancer Chemotherapy, pp. 36-64. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987), strongly synergistic interaction of this sequence at space intervals was confirmed. These data show that the synergistic effects were produced only when MTX was followed 8 or 24 h later by VCR. Other schedules were only additive or even antagonistic. Simultaneous exposure of VCR with daunorubicin, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, or bleomycin also had subadditive and protective effects. VCR, followed by daunorubicin with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive and protective. VCR, followed by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive or additive only. Simultaneous and continuous exposures of VCR with vinblastine or L-asparaginase were only marginally supraadditive.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Characterization and promoter selectivity of Lactobacillus acidophilus RNA polymerase.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been purified from gram-positive Lactobacillus acidophilus and found to be composed of 4 protein subunits, alpha, beta, beta', and sigma, with molecular weights of 40,000, 150,000, 135,000, and 45,000 kD, respectively, estimated on the basis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme exhibits optimal activity in the presence of Mn2+, while Mg2+ shows only a slight effect. The L. acidophilus enzyme transcribes several Escherichia coli promoters examined so far, such as promoters of trp operon, lacUV5, and bla P3 from pBR322, whereas it lacks the ability to recognize bla P1 and tet P2 promoters from pBR322. Thus, the specificity of L. acidophilus RNA polymerase in recognizing the promoters is somehow different from that of the E. coli enzyme. By means of an in vitro transcription assay system for L. acidophilus RNA polymerase, 2 promoters have been identified in the DNA of an L. acidophilus cryptic plasmid (pRNL5). These promoters possess nucleotide sequences in the -10 region similar to the consensus sequence for the E. coli promoters.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Are fluorescent bodies of Y-spermatozoa detectable in common with mammalan species?

An attempt was made to detect the fluorescent bodies (F-body), using Quinacrine mustard (Q-M) staining in the spermatozoa from eight mammalian species (human, bull, boar, dog, rabbit, rat, mouse, and mastomys) as well as in the cock (used as negative control). Sperm suspension, prepared after rinsing by repeated centrifugation with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), was either stained with Q-M for 24 h or treated with protease and then stained with Q-M for 60 min. The final concentration of Q-M in the mixed staining sperm suspension was 0.025 mg/ml. The examination using a reflecting fluorescent microscope revealed that the F-body found in human sperm was also present in the sperm of all the mammals but not in the cock after 24 h of staining. The enzyme-treated specimens showed higher incidences of F-bodies than specimens stained for 24 h without enzymatic digestion. These findings strongly suggest that the F-body is commonly present in the spermatozoa of many mammalian species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Involvement of melatonin in the seasonal changes of the gonadal function and prolactin secretion in female goats.

Ovarian cyclicity in the goat continues under short days (8L: 16D), while it ceases for 150-200 days under long days (16L: 8D). During the anovulatory period under long days, prolactin secretion is enhanced. Experiments were conducted to investigate the role of the pineal gland in the photoperiodic control of the gonadal function and prolactin secretion in the goat. Firstly, the effects of the abolition of the diurnal change in melatonin secretion on the photoperiodic responses of the gonadal axis and prolactin secretion were examined. Female Saanen goats, reared under short days (8L:16D, 22 +/- 2 degrees C) for 5 months, were bilaterally superior cervical ganglionectomized (SCGX) to denervate their pineal gland. One month after surgery, both SCGX and intact control goats were divided into two groups. Animals in group 1 were maintained under short days and those in group 2 were transferred to long days (16L:8D). In group 1, both SCGX and intact goats ovulated periodically and basal plasma levels of prolactin were maintained throughout the day. In intact controls, exposure to long days blocked ovulation and increased prolactin secretion for the first 150-200 days of exposure. The animals became photorefractory after this time; ovulation recurred and prolactin secretion was suppressed. The continuous melatonin secretion appeared simultaneously with the photorefractoriness. Superior cervical ganglionectomy abolished or weakened the suppression of gonadal axis and eliminated the increase in prolactin secretion induced by the exposure to long days in intact animals. Secondly, the effect of melatonin replacement by timed melatonin infusion on prolactin secretion was examined in SCGX goats to establish that the effect of SCGX could be ascribed to the abolition of the diurnal change in melatonin. Ovariectomized SCGX Shiba goats (n = 5) were infused with melatonin (20 micrograms/h, s.c.) daily for 8 h (the long-day-type infusion) and for 16 h (the short-day-type infusion) to mimic the nocturnal profiles of plasma melatonin under long days and short days, respectively. The long-day-type melatonin infusion for 9 days accelerated prolactin secretion, inducing a nocturnal rise in plasma prolactin; this was comparable to that observed in intact controls under long days. On the other hand, by the short-day-type infusion, the plasma prolactin concentrations were maintained at a low level throughout the day as were observed in intact goats under short days. The prevailing photoperiod appeared to have no distinct effect on these prolactin responses to exogenous melatonin, which were indistinguishable under long and short days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A monoclonal antibody, KM10 reactive with human gastrointestinal cancer and its application for immunotherapy.

A monoclonal antibody, KM10 (IgG1) was produced by fusing spleen cells from a human gastric cancer cell (MKN45)-primed BALB/c mouse with the murine myeloma cell line X63-Ag8-653. The antibody reacted strongly with the plasma membrane of human gastrointestinal carcinoma. Sections of the malignant and benign tissues were tested with immunoperoxidase. All of 10 (100%) large intestinal cancers, 26 of 31 (84%) gastric cancers, 5 of 7 (71%) pancreatic cancers and all of 3 (100%) ampullary cancers reacted positively. Moderate or weak reactivity was observed with normal human tissues, hepatoma and carcinomas of mammary, thyroid and adrenal glands. According to a study of the distribution of 125I-labeled KM10 in nude mice bearing human gastric cancer, KM10 selectively localized in tumor tissue rather than normal tissue. Whole body autoradiography also supported such a selective distribution. Destruction of antigenic properties by pronase digestion demonstrated its protein nature and by Western blot analysis, it was identified as a protein with an Mr of 180-200 kd. KM10-adriamycin (ADM) conjugate was prepared via an oxidized dextran bridge and this immunoconjugate retained the binding activity against human gastric cancer. MKN45 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into athymic mice and intravenous treatment was begun when the tumor became measurable. A dose-dependent antitumor activity was observed in vivo with KM10-ADM conjugate, while this conjugate was less toxic than free ADM.

Animals↗