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Biomedical subjects

Y Kanazawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kanazawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Two cases of congenital cardiac anomaly associated with esophageal atresia].

Two cases of congenital cardiac anomaly associated with esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula were presented. One case was HLHS, and the other was TAPVR. Esophageal procedures were performed earlier than cardiac procedures in both cases. Primary anastomosis for esophageal atresia just after birth in the latter case. Corrective procedures for cardiac anomalies were performed at 36 days and 35 days after birth, respectively. The HLHS case died perioperatively and the TAPVR case survived the operation and is alive one year postoperatively.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1991

Diabetic retinopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients: the role of gliclazide.

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of human blindness between the ages of 30 and 67 in the industrialized world. Retinopathy has a multifactorial etiology. Standard treatment has aimed at correcting only disturbed glucose metabolism, but this may lead only to the partial amelioration of certain hemobiologic factors. In addition to its metabolic action, gliclazide has been shown to have specific hemobiologic properties; studies with gliclazide in animals and humans have shown significant improvements of platelet abnormalities, stimulation of prostaglandin I2 synthesis, and enhancement of fibrinolytic activity. In humans, open-label studies have shown that gliclazide treatment leads to stabilization of background retinopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetics and, more recently, these beneficial effects have been confirmed in controlled studies lasting up to 37 months in which other sulfonylureas were used. The Japanese Diabetic Retinopathy Program studied the progression of retinopathy over a 5-year period, comparing gliclazide with other sulfonylureas and with placebo. This study showed that, with equivalent metabolic control, there was a trend toward a lower rate of deterioration and a significantly lower incidence of preproliferative retinopathy in the group receiving gliclazide compared with those receiving other sulfonylureas. Overall, the specific hemobiologic actions of gliclazide appear to offset or retard the progression of diabetic retinopathy and may have the advantage of lowering the incidence of preproliferative retinopathy.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of energy metabolism in brain using epimerization of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose by 19F NMR: the effect of anesthesia.

The effect of anesthesia on the epimerization of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose(-6-phosphate) to 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose(-6-phosphate) in mice was demonstrated with 19F NMR spectroscopy of excised tissue specimens from heart, muscle, and brain. Spectra from each of six excised organs confirmed that pretreatment with an anesthetic suppressed the conversion ratio, FDM/(FDG + FDM), in brain at 3 h from 52 +/- 5 to 30 +/- 6% under the dose of 100 mg/kg. We propose potential applications for NMR monitoring of FDG-FDM conversion, including the assessment of regional brain metabolism and the evaluation of various pharmacologic agents.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, HbA1c, and fructosamine for detection of diabetes mellitus.

To evaluate the use of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) levels in screening for diabetes mellitus, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c, fructosamine (FA), and AG in 1620 randomly selected subjects in 11 institutions throughout Japan. Most individuals were receiving diet and/or drug therapy for diabetes. Subjects were separated into four groups based on World Health Organization criteria: nondiabetic control subjects, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), patients with diabetes, and patients with other disorders without IGT. The overlap of AG values between each group was less than that of HbA1c or FA values. AG levels were significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.627), HbA1c (r = -0.629), and FA (r = -0.590) levels. If we took 14 micrograms/ml as the normal lower limit, AG level was highly specific (93.1%), and a decreased AG level indicated diabetes mellitus (84.2% sensitivity). According to the selectivity index (sensitivity value times specificity value), AG determinations were superior to both HbA1c and FA measurements for diabetes screening. When combinations of these tests were used, only AG and HbA1c together were slightly better than AG alone. Thus, together with other advantages of AG, e.g., its wide variance with relatively fair glycemic control and the negligible influence of the sampling conditions, AG level has more potential than HbA1c or FA level as a screening criterion for diabetes.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1991

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: factors influencing the surgical difficulty and outcome.

The outcomes of 151 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated either surgically or conservatively are presented. In terms of long-term survival rate and follow-up results, the patients who underwent total excision had more favorable results than did those treated conservatively. Patient age was the most important clinical factors, with the preoperative level of consciousness being the second most important. A grading system was formulated on the basis of the angiographical factors by using multiregression analysis; the size of the AVM influenced the surgical outcome twice as much as did the location and the pattern of arterial feeding. Thus, a large AVM (greater than or equal to 4 cm) was given 2 points; a small AVM (less than 4 cm) was given 0 points; a deep AVM was given 1 point; a superficial AVM was given 0 points; an AVM supplied by three of more artery systems was given 1 point; and an AVM supplied by one or two artery systems was given 0 points. AVMs were categorized into 5 grades from Grade 0 to 4 by the summation of these points. Predicted Karnofsky scale after surgery was calculated by this grading system and the following equation: predicted Karnofsky scale = 87.2 - 5.6 x Grade. Grade 0 and 1 AVMs showed high rates of total excision (Grade 0, 94%; Grade 1, 82%) and of satisfactory outcome (Grade 0, 90%; Grade 1, 82%) and were classified as "easy" lesions. Grade 2 AVMs are lesions classified as "moderate" and had a total excision rate of 76% and a satisfactory outcome rate of 71%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A study on the disc sensitivity test for cefpirome].

Susceptibilities of 232 strains of 40 bacterial groups to cefpirome (CPR) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zones by the single-disc method under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated a significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of the conventional assay of over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, the delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and the rapid assay (about 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), thus confirming the applicability of the single-disc assay for CPR. Analysis of the data obtained by using CPR disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 26.7-9.2 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay, D = 33.8-12.7 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the delayed assay, D = 21.2-6.7 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5-6 hours rapid assay, and D = 14.8-4.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3-4 hours rapid assay. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution test, as a reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of CPR by the single-disc assay.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1991

Ascorbic acid deficiency decreases specific forms of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes of guinea pigs.

Ascorbic acid (VC) deficiency resulted in a decrease in the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and in the content of cytochrome P-450, as spectrally determined, whereas it caused an increase in the activities of 6 beta-hydroxylases for testosterone and progesterone in liver microsomes of guinea pigs. Western blot analysis of liver microsomes with antibodies to rat P-448-H (P-4501A2), P-450j (P-450IIE), P-450 PB-1 (P-450IIIA), and P-450b (P-450IIB1) showed that VC deficiency decreased the amount of cytochrome P-450 immunochemically related to P-450IA2 and P-450IIE but did not change the amount of the form that was cross-reactive with antibodies to P-450IIB1 and tended to slightly increase (not statistically significantly) the amount of the form of the cytochrome immunochemically related to P-450IIIA. The larger decrease by VC deficiency in the amount of cytochrome P-450 that was cross-reactive to the rat P-450IA2 resulted in a lower capacity of liver microsomes to activate promutagens, such as 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo(4,5-f)quinoline and aflatoxin B1. These results indicate that VC deficiency in guinea pigs differentially affects the content of individual forms of cytochrome P-450.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of chloride binding to the anion transport site by diethylpyrocarbonate modification of Band 3.

The line widths of 35Cl- nuclear magnetic resonances were used to measure chloride binding by Band 3. Since this procedure relates directly to binding, the data obtained may be interpreted more unequivocally than affinities derived from kinetic data which could be related to either translocation or binding. Chloride binding to the active sites in Band 3 was assessed from that portion of the total line width which was sensitive to 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. These sites appeared to be completely inhibited by treatment of erythrocyte membranes with diethylpyrocarbonate. This result is consistent with our previous observation that this reagent inhibits anion transport in resealed erythrocyte ghosts (Izuhara, Okubo & Hamasaki, 1989, Biochemistry 28:4725-4728). Hydroxylamine could not reverse the diethylpyrocarbonate inhibition of chloride binding to Band 3. The pH-dependence of diethylpyrocarbonate reactivity suggests that the modified residues may be those of histidine.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗
PubMed1990

High frequency of aspartic acid at position 57 of HLA-DQ beta-chain in Japanese IDDM patients and nondiabetic subjects.

The HLA-DQ beta-chain (DQB1) genes of 72 Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 85 control subjects were studied with polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) amplification and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. DQW4 (DQBBlank) and DQw9 (DQB3.3) were increased in IDDM patients compared with the control subjects, and DQB1.2, DQB1.9, and DQw7 (DQB3.1) were decreased. Thirty-five (48.6%) IDDM patients had both alleles carrying an aspartic acid at position 57 of the DQ beta-chain (Asp 57), 35 (48.6%) were Asp 57/non-Asp 57 heterozygous, and 2 (2.8%) had non-Asp 57 alleles only. Of 85 control subjects, the respective values for these three genotypes were 49 (57.6%), 29 (34.1%), and 7 (8.2%), respectively. The high frequency of Asp 57 alleles in both IDDM and control subjects contrasts with data for Whites. Therefore, the Asp 57 hypothesis that the presence of an aspartic acid at position 57 of DQ beta-chain provides protection against developing IDDM is not tenable for Japanese IDDM patients. The DRB1 gene, particularly position 57 of the DR beta-chain, may contribute to IDDM susceptibility in Japanese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Rabbit brain glucose transporter responds to insulin when expressed in insulin-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the expression vector containing rabbit brain HepG2-type glucose transporter cDNA resulted in a dramatic over-expression (approximately 10-fold) of glucose transporter as assessed by either immunoblotting with antipeptide antibody against rabbit brain glucose transporter or photoaffinity labeling with [3H]cytochalasin B. 2-Deoxyglucose uptake was also increased 4-fold in the transfected cells, while no increase in transport activity or transporter amount was observed in cells that were transfected with the expression vector alone without glucose transporter cDNA. Significantly, insulin (10(-7) M) increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in both control and transfected cells, but the increased amount of the transported 2-deoxyglucose by insulin in the transfected cells was 4.2-fold greater than that in control cells, indicating that the expressed rabbit brain HepG2-type glucose transporter responded to insulin. In addition, we have recently demonstrated that the HepG2-type glucose transporter exists in rat adipocytes and responds to insulin in a fashion similar to a majority of other types of glucose transporters (Oka, Y., Asano, T., Shibasaki, Y., Kasuga, M., Kanazawa, Y., and Takaku, F. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13432-13439). In contrast, insulin did not stimulate glucose transport activity in HepG2 cells or IM-9 lymphocytes that have a significant amount of the HepG2-type glucose transporter. Thus, the results in this study further support the notion that insulin regulation of glucose transport activity depends on a tissue-specific signaling mechanism.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1989

Plasma insulin levels in Japanese and Japanese-American men with type 2 diabetes may be related to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.

Sixty-eight second-generation Japanese-American (Nisei) men 45-74 years old and 26 Tokyo Japanese men 40-72 years old with type 2 diabetes were given 75 g glucose by mouth, and their venous blood levels of glucose and insulin were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Blood glucose levels were similar for the two groups but the Nisei had higher levels of insulin at all time points (P less than 0.006). The Nisei men had a higher mean body mass index (P less than 0.001) and the Tokyo men had had diabetes for a longer duration (P less than 0.001). Data were also compared following selection of a subgroup of Nisei men (n = 39) with a diabetes duration of 2-25 years, making this group more similar to the Tokyo men with respect to this variable. The Nisei still had significantly higher plasma insulin levels. Because of a significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlation between plasma insulin and body mass index in Nisei, but not in Tokyo men, data comparing the Nisei subgroup and Tokyo men were re-examined by analysis of covariance. With an adjustment for body mass index in the analysis, all differences in plasma insulin, except for the fasting insulin level, were no longer significant between the Nisei and Tokyo men, suggesting that body mass index was responsible for these differences.

Aged↗