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Biomedical subjects

Y Kanazawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kanazawa.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Metabolic pathway of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-talose in mice: trapping in tissue after phosphorylation by galactokinase.

To make clear the metabolic fate of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-talose ([18F]FDT) in animals, the in vivo and in vitro metabolism of non-radioactive 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-talose (FDT) was investigated by 19F-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the 19F-NMR spectral analyses, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-D-talose-1-phosphate (FDT-1-P) was identified as a single metabolite in the organs of tumor-bearing mice after FDT administration (60 mg/kg). In the liver, almost all FDT was converted to FDT-1-P within 10 min after FDT injection and the phosphate form remained unchanged for at least 3 h. FDT was well converted to FDT-1-P by galactokinase in vitro. The FDT-1-P formed, however, failed to convert to a uridylate derivative by treatment with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. The observed low affinity of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase for the FDT-1-P could account for the accumulation mechanism of FDT-1-P in vivo. Similar metabolic studies of [18F]FDT with radio-TLC demonstrated the [18F]FDT-1-P as a single metabolite of [18F]FDT in the mouse liver. These results indicate that [18F]FDT enters a D-galactose metabolic pathway and undergoes a metabolic trapping in the [18F]FDT-1-P form by galactokinase in the tissues such as liver and tumor. Consequently, [18F]FDT is expected to be a new radiopharmaceutical for the measurement of galactokinase activity by positron emission tomography.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis C virus genotype and RNA titer in the progression of type C chronic liver disease.

Hepatitis C virus genotype and the amounts of circulating HCV RNA are the most important factors in determining the efficacy of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. To clarify the correlation of these two factors to the progression of liver disease, we classified 148 Japanese patients with type C chronic liver disease into genotypes and also measured their HCV RNA titers (logarithmic transformed copy number/ml serum) by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found type II in 23 (76.7%) of 30 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 34 (79.1%) of 43 with chronic active hepatitis, 29 (72.5%) of 40 with cirrhosis and 30 (85.7%) of 35 with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of type II among the various stages of chronic liver disease. We also found the RNA titer to be significantly higher in patients with chronic active hepatitis (8.0 +/- 0.8) than in those with chronic persistent hepatitis (7.0 +/- 1.0, p < 0.001), and also those with cirrhosis (7.6 +/- 0.8, p < 0.05) or hepatocellular carcinoma (7.7 +/- 0.8, p < 0.05). When the titers were compared among genotypes, there was no significant difference between type II and III at any stage (type II vs. type III: chronic persistent hepatitis, 7.2 +/- 1.0 vs. 6.7 +/- 0.8; chronic active hepatitis, 8.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.8 +/- 1.0; cirrhosis, 7.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.7; hepatocellular carcinoma, 7.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.5). In conclusion, although genotype affects interferon therapy efficacy, it seems to have little influence on serum RNA levels and the progression of type C chronic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

In vivo 19F NMR comparative study of 5-fluorouracil, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and an FT-uracil coadministration system in mouse tumors.

The suppression of alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) formation from 5-fluorouracil (FU) is an important subject in relation to tumor chemotherapy. This is the first comparative study of FU, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT, a prodrug of FU) and of FT+uracil as a coadministration system (UFT) under an oral dose using the in vivo 19F NMR method. The slow release of FU from FT and the suppression of the catabolism of FU to FBAL in mouse livers and tumors by the coadministration of uracil with FT were demonstrated using consecutive NMR measurements. The applicability of the in vivo 19F NMR method to the drug evaluation in tumors and livers of small animals was successfully tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The reference value of plasma glucose in individuals over 65 years].

The characteristics of plasma glucose in individuals aged over 65 years was investigated by analysis of age dependent changes of fasting and post glucose (75 g) load values in population based studies and some follow-up studies. Institutional differences were surveyed in central laboratory of institutions which joined this study and found that differences were the range of +3.0-3.5% from the mean glucose levels between 100-400 mg/dl. Therefore plasma glucose values around cutoff level should be confirmed by repeated determinations for reaching final diagnosis. The reference interval of plasma glucose does not differ in an age-dependent manner. We may use the reference interval proposed by the Committee of Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus of Japan Diabetes Society for adult individuals. Cases of diabetes diagnosed before 65 years old should be judged by the adult criteria. However, those who were not diabetic before age 65 and were found to be hyperglycemic after that age can be diagnosed classifying as follows: (1) Diabetes should be diagnosed in individuals with a fasting plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl or more and 2 hours after glucose (75 g) of 240 mg/dl or more. Those with some symptoms suggesting diabetes and either 140 mg/dl more or fasting or 240 mg/dl or more 2 hours post 75 g glucose load can also be diagnosed as diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effects of dietary oat, barley, and guar gums on serum and liver lipid concentrations in diet-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats.

Effects of dietary oat, barley, and guar gums on serum and liver triglyceride or cholesterol concentrations were examined in diet-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a hypertriglyceridemic diet that contained 20% coconut oil, 17.5% fructose, 17.5% sucrose, and 5% cellulose at 4 weeks of age for 14 days. In the gum-supplemented diets, 2% cellulose was replaced by oat gum, barley gum, or guar gum. Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in the control group, whereas serum cholesterol concentration was not increased. All of the gums lowered serum and liver cholesterol concentrations except barley gum which had no significant effect on liver cholesterol. Both oat and barley gums suppressed the elevation of serum and liver triglyceride concentrations but guar gum had no effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Telescience testbed experiments of intracellular recordings in the Xenopus oocyte.

The feasibility of intracellular recordings under constraints for experimental conditions in outer space were tested at a telescience testbed of the National Space Development Agency of Japan. We attempted to study the dose-response relationship of adenosine-induced potential changes in the Xenopus oocyte. The testbed simulated the distance from a ground control room to oocytes in an orbital laboratory; signals were delayed and compressed from one "station" to other. A microelectrode was inserted into the oocyte using remote control on the manipulator and on the xyz-planes of the platform with stereoscopic pictures observed through a head mounted display. When the transfer rate of the visual signals was decreased from 1.5 Mbps to 128 Kbps, insertion of the electrode became almost impossible because of reduced picture quality. Once the electrode was inserted, however, dose-dependent adenosine responses could be observed with little trouble.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Influence of viral quasispecies on effectiveness of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients.

The quasispecies nature of hepatitis C virus genome distribution is most evident in hypervariable regions of the putative envelope 2 domain. Eight patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha were studied as to heterogeneity of the hypervariable regions to clarify the implications of quasispecies. More than 10 recombinant clones generated from polymerase chain reaction-amplified products of the hypervariable regions were sequenced. The sets of clones derived from long-term responders before interferon therapy showed a significantly lower (p < 0.05) degree of sequence complexity of the hypervariable region 1 quasispecies than those from short-term ones or non-responders. The values of nucleotide diversity (the average number of nucleotide differences per site between two randomly chosen sequences) in hypervariable region 1 before interferon therapy were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) for long-term responders (mean, 2.31 x 10(-2)). In some cases, nucleotide diversity decreased remarkably during interferon therapy, whereas the values remained unchanged in other cases. In one interesting case, a short-term response was first noted with the nucleotide diversity decreasing from 13.98 x 10(-2) to 0.21 x 10(-2); namely, the diversity of the quasispecies was significantly reduced, and then a long-term response was observed after an additional course of interferon therapy. Thus, the degree of quasispecies' complexity and diversity of hypervariable region 1 was closely correlated with the responsiveness to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients, and thus may have some influence on interferon efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Malrotation].

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Female↗
PubMed1994

[Dissection of the extracranial vertebral artery: a case report].

Spontaneous dissection of the vertebral artery is not a frequent occurrence in the vertebrobasilar system. The authors show a case with spontaneous dissection of the extracranial vertebral artery, which produced recurrent artery-to-artery embolism. The angiography revealed characteristic intimal flap. The antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy was able to control ischemic attacks and the patient made a good clinical recovery. The angiogram performed two months later showed spontaneous resolution of the artery involved. This case shows the effectiveness of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of artery-to-artery embolism caused by the extracranial vertebral artery dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Malrotation].

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Female↗
PubMed1994

[A pedigree with maternally transmitted diabetes mellitus, deafness and cardiomyopathy].

A pedigree with maternally transmitted diabetes mellitus, deafness, and cardiomyopathy is described. A A-->G mutation at nucleotide pair 3243 in mitochondrial gene was detected by Apa I digestion of PCR amplified genomic DNA from 3 brothers and their mother. The proband, suffering from CHF, showed unique fine granular pattern of hyperechogenic cardiomyopathy as his brother and their mother did. Although he is recently treated with insulin, he was initially NIDDM treated by sulfonylurea. His urinary CPR excretion decreased gradually to as low as less than 10 micrograms/day in these 3 years. The insulin response to oral glucose was decreased in all other family members with the mutation. It is suggested that the defective insulin secretion exists in this family with the mutation and the progressive decrease in insulin secretion might resulted in IDDM in the proband.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between insulin resistance and blood pressure].

A study designed to analyze the relationship between blood pressure and insulin resistance was conducted on 353 subjects who received medical health examinations, and who did not have obvious diabetes. Fasting plasma insulin (IRI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and urine sodium concentrations were measured or calculated. After analysis of the correlation's between each value, multiple regression analyses were performed. The results were as follows: 1) hypertensive subjects were significantly higher than non-hypertensives in with age, value of IRI, FPG, WHR, TC and BMI. 2) The values of IRI, WHR, and BMI were correlated each other. 3) After adjusted for age and sex by multiple regression analyses, IRI, WHR, and BMI were shown to have significant relationship to mean blood pressure. From this study, it is concluded that IRI is an indicator for insulin resistance and is related to blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of social factors on metabolic improvement in type II diabetic patients.

Psychological and social factors can profoundly influence a patient's success in adhering to a prescribed self-care regimen. A total of 34 inpatients with type II diabetes who attended the diabetes education program at a single clinic were studied as a retrospective cohort, beginning between 6 and 12 months after discharge. At the start of the study, the patients were classified into two groups, those with good control and those with poor control of diabetes, based on the rate of change of the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) value relative to the value at admission. Data for each patient were collected retrospectively from their medical records. Patients' family function was assessed by the adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve (APGAR) scoring system. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of demographic, medical, and social factors on metabolic improvement. The family APGAR score was higher in the good control group than in the group with poor control.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Do blood glucose levels in the elderly have different metabolic significance than in non-elderly subjects?].

Diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus in elderly people are still controversial. The major questions are whether (1) effects of hyperglycemia in generating diabetic complications are the same as in younger diabetics, (2) too many diabetics might be diagnosed in the elderly by the criteria proposed by WHO and Japan Diabetes Society. To answer these questions, we carried out two studies. Blood glucose data were collected from population-based studies and from voluntary health check-up studies. Fasting blood glucose values were classified by sex and the age (-49, 50-64, 65-years old). Population-based studies showed no age-dependent change in blood glucose. However, data from health check-up studies showed an increase in median values from the group aged 50-64 and the 65 and older group. Two-hour values after glucose tolerance tests were classified by age and the fasting blood glucose (-99, 100-119, 120-139, and 140- mg/dl). The eldest and 140- mg/dl group showed the highest 2-hour values. Effects of hyperglycemia on the appearance of diabetic complications were studied in patients being follow-up in three diabetes clinics. Patients who has a history of one year or less and without any retinopathy on the first visit to the clinic were registered. Data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the appearance of retinopathy was used as the end point. There were no difference in the rate of appearance of retinopathy between the age groups (-49, 50-64 and 65-years old). No age effect on the hyperglycemia-dependent appearance of retinopathy could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Genetic analysis of HLA class II alleles and susceptibility to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects.

Although HLA-DQB1 alleles encoding aspartic acid at position 57 (Asp-57) are protective against Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Caucasians, most Japanese Type 1 diabetic patients carry at least one Asp-57 DQB1 allele. We analysed the DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 genes of 99 Japanese patients and 86 control subjects with polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. We found that (1) the DQA1*0301 allele was significantly increased in Type 1 diabetic patients (RR7.8, pc less than 0.0001); (2) the DRB1*0405 (Dw15) allele, which is a subtype of DR4 haplotype, was significantly increased in DR4-positive patients (RR 12.0, pc less than 0.001); and (3) although the DRw8-DQw8 haplotype was positively associated with Type 1 diabetes, the DRB1*0406-DQw8 haplotype was decreased in the diabetic patients. These data indicate that DRB1 and DQA1 genes also confer susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in Japanese.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Growth activity of bovid herpesvirus 1 in bovine follicular oocytes with cumulus cells.

Bovine follicular oocytes collected from bovine ovaries were exposed to bovid herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). After washings, these oocytes were cultured to mature. As a result BHV-1 could not be removed from the oocytes and could replicate in the oocytes with cumulus cells, but not in the oocytes without the cells. Moreover, the specific fluorescence for BHV-1 was detected in the cumulus cells by a indirect immunofluorescent technique. Therefore these findings suggested BHV-1 could be absorbed in the oocytes but the replication of BHV-1 was done in the cumulus cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A study on the disc sensitivity test for cefodizime].

Susceptibilities of 289 strains of 34 bacterial species to cefodizime (CDZM) were determined using the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the measurement of inhibition zone diameters in the single-disc method under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated a significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of the conventional, overnight assay (about 16 hours incubation), thus the applicability of the single-disc assay for CDZM was established. Analysis of the data obtained using discs containing 30 micrograms of CDZM/disc revealed that the primary regression equation was in the form: D (Diameter, mm) = 32.3-13.5 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay for staphylococci, Enterococcus group and glucose-non-fermentative Gram-negative rods. For other bacteria, the primary regression equation was in the form: D (diameter, mm) = 24.1-8.4 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay. The range of variations in MICs estimated from diameters of inhibition zones in the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution test to estimate experimental errors which may be involved in the determination of MICs of CDZM using the single-disc assay.

Bacteria↗