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Biomedical subjects

Y Kamiya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kamiya.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Long-term results after strabismus surgery.

The results of surgery after 4 years' or more postoperative follow-up have been evaluated in a total of 1031 cases (575 esotropia, 456 exotropia). There is a difference in the angle of strabismus 1 month after surgery and 4 years after surgery. Based on these findings, the results of strabismus surgery must be evaluated after a sufficient amount of time has passed. The angle of strabismus to be aimed at, to provide best binocular vision and patient satisfaction, should be in the range of -2 +7 degree for esotropia and +2 -10 degree for exotropia, regardless of the patient's age at surgery.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in pediatric surgery].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in pediatric surgery were performed and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. Plasma and urinary levels of IPM/CS were measured in 9 neonate patients following drip-infusion for 1 hour of IPM/CS (dose of IPM 10 mg/kg for 5 patients, 20 mg/kg for 4 patients). In the 10 mg/kg group, peak plasma levels were observed at the end of infusion or after 1 hour of it. IPM 9.95-14.2 micrograms/ml, CS 7.7-30.1 micrograms/ml. In the 20 mg/kg group, peak levels were found at the end of the infusion, IPM 39.2-41.7 micrograms/ml, CS 48.1-58.8 micrograms/ml. In both groups, plasma levels of IPM/CS decreased rapidly, and plasma half-lives (T 1/2) in the 20 mg/kg group were 0.9-1.2 hours (IPM) and 0.8-1.1 hours (CS). Urinary recovery rates were 17.7-28.7% (10 mg/kg), 21.1-36.9% (20 mg/kg) for IPM and 27.1-43.8% (10 mg/kg) and 21.5-76.5% (20 mg/kg) for CS. 2. Bile levels of IPM/CS were measured in 3 patients with congenital biliary atresia and 1 patient with neonatal hepatitis. Peak levels of IPM/CS in bile were noted 1 hour after the end of infusion, and they were 3.01-12.3 micrograms/ml for IPM, and 2.5-13.1 micrograms/ml for CS. Recovery rates in bile in 7 hours after the end of infusion were 0.03-0.12% (IPM), 0.01-0.12% (CS). 3. IPM/CS was administered to 9 patients as prophylaxis against postoperative infections and to 2 patients with postoperative cholangitis. No infectious complications were observed in patients after the prophylactic use. In 1 patient with cholangitis, clinical effect was good and organisms were eradicated. No clinical or laboratory adverse reactions due to the administration of IPM/CS were noted. It is concluded that IPM/CS is an effective and safe antibiotic in pediatric surgery.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical and experimental studies on the etiology of congenital biliary dilatation (CBD)--with special reference to relationship between elastic fibers in the wall of the bile duct and type of CBD].

The purposes of this study are to clarify the correlation between the morphological differences in congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) and elastic fibers in the wall of the bile duct. Using forty-three patients with CBD and fifty-seven autopsy cases in which history of biliary disease had not demonstrated, histopathological studies have been performed. In addition, experimental models of anomalous choledocho-pancreatico ductal junction were created in twenty-two young sheep and nine neonatal lambs, and the differences in morphological change were studied in two groups. The results are as follows. 1) Elastic fibers were not seen in the wall of the common bile duct of neonate or infant. So it suggests that the ductal wall was extremely weak in this period and increased intraluminal pressure of the biliary system, induced by distal obstruction, caused the cystic dilatation easily. 2) Fusiform dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct was produced in all experimental models. The reason why cystic dilatation was not caused in these models is that elastic fibers were abundant in just ductal wall of neonatal lambs. From these results, aging factors may play an important role in the formation of CBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in pediatric surgery].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on ceftriaxone (CTRX) in pediatric surgery were performed and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. In neonates, serum and urinary levels of CTRX were measured in 4 patients following injection (CTRX 20 mg/kg, intravenous bolus injection). Highest levels in serum were observed at 15 or 30 minutes, 59.4-212.5 micrograms/ml. Serum levels of CTRX then decreased very slowly, and serum half-lives (T 1/2) were 7.9-27.1 hours. Urinary recovery rates were 17.0-54.7% in 12 hours. 2. Bile levels of CTRX were also measured in 8 patients with congenital biliary atresia and a patient with congenital biliary dilatation (CBD). Highest levels of CTRX in bile, 10.2 and 13.2 micrograms/ml, were noted in 2 hours following injection to 2 patients. But in other patients, CTRX was undetectable in bile. Recovery rate in bile in 12 hours in a CBD patient was 0.19%. 3. The CTRX was administered to 7 patients (a case of infected lung cyst, 2 cases of peritonitis and 4 cases as prophylaxis to postoperative infection). Clinical results were good in all cases. No clinical and laboratory adverse reaction due to the administration of CTRX was observed. It is concluded that CTRX is a safe and effective antibiotic in pediatric surgery. However, care has to be practiced in determining dosage and interval of CTRX administration because of its pharmacokinetical characteristics.

Bile↗
PubMed1987

Effects of intrahippocampal injections of the cholinergic neurotoxin AF64A on presynaptic cholinergic markers and on passive avoidance response in the rat.

1. The effects of the intrahippocampal injection of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) on the following cholinergic markers were examined. 2. Bilateral injection of 10 nmol of AF64A into the dorsal hippocampus caused a loss of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in the dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus, cortex and striatum. 3. This treatment caused significant decreases in ACh contents in the dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus and cortex, but not in the striatum. 4. The step-down latencies during the test trials of both 10 and 50 nmol AF64A-treated groups were significantly shorter than those of vehicle-treated groups. 5. None of the control animals stepped down to the large box where they had previously received a foot shock, but 40% of the 10 nmol and 60% of the 50 nmol AF64A-treated animals stepped down to the large box within 600 s. 6. These results indicate that AF64A treatment produces biochemical and functional deficits in the cholinergic neurons in the CNS.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in the pediatric surgical field].

Amikacin (AMK) was intravenously administered to pediatric surgical patients, and its pharmacokinetics was studied. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1. The serum levels following administration were similar to those which had been reported by others. Urinary excretion was excellent. 2. The concentration of AMK in pleural effusion of a postoperative premature baby was an effective level higher than MIC's to target organisms. 3. Bile levels of AMK were the highest soon after surgery on patients with biliary atresia, these declined as time passed. The high levels obtained were in the effective range where the levels were higher than MIC's against organisms isolated from bile of patients with biliary tract infections. Biliary excretions were good in cases with good hepato-enteric circulation. 4. Biliary and urinary excretion rates were well correlated.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

Activity, cardiac and respiratory responses of blindfold preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The purposes of the present study were to examine 24-h periods in the life of preterm infants incubated in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) using indices of activity, cardiac and respiratory responses, and to examine the effects of blindfolding incubated infants upon these behavioural indices. Ten healthy preterm infants were individually observed for 2 days a week for a 24-h period, using a continuous video recording system. Each infant was blindfolded with an eye-mask and a black head-cap for approximately equal to 10 h during a night out of the 2 days. Analyses on activity, cardiac and respiratory responses were done for (1) 20 min sampled from every other hour during the 2 days, and (2) for 1 h during the night, both a blindfolded day and unblindfolded, respectively. The results showed that activity was less and respiration rate lower when blindfolded than when unblindfolded. Respiration rate was also found to be stable when blindfolded.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1986

Effect of injection of CCK-8 into the nucleus caudatus on the behavior of rats.

This report deals with the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the regulation of the behavior stimulated by dopaminergic drugs. Bilateral injection of CCK-8 (1 microgram per side) into the nucleus caudatus significantly reduced the locomotor hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine. Stereotyped sniffing and yawning occurred after intrastriatal administration of apomorphine (20 micrograms per side). Injections of CCK-8 into the nucleus caudatus completely inhibited the sniffing, but did not affect the yawning induced by apomorphine. It also had no effect on the basal dopamine (DA) level or the methamphetamine-induced DA level in the striatum. These results suggest that the injection of CCK-8 into the nucleus caudatus selectively inhibited the function of the dopaminergic system in the striatum, and blocked post-synaptic DA receptors.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Free radical chain oxidation and hemolysis of erythrocytes by molecular oxygen and their inhibition by vitamin E.

Erythrocytes of vitamin E-deficient rats and normal rats were oxidized at 37 degrees C by molecular oxygen using a free radical initiator. The erythrocytes were oxidized by a free radical chain mechanism with kinetic chain length considerably larger than 1 and resulted in hemolysis. Vitamin E suppressed both oxidation and hemolysis, but the extent of hemolysis was determined primarily by the extent of oxidation independent of the presence or absence of vitamin E.

Amidines↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of cefotiam in pediatric surgery].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM) in pediatric surgery were performed and the results obtained are summarized below. In neonates without congenital heart disease (CHD), serum levels of CTM were rapidly increased following injection of CTM (20 mg/kg, one shot intravenous administration) and the peak values were found at 15 minutes. Six hours later, CTM almost disappeared from the blood. In the patient with CHD, however, CTM was retained in the serum and the urinary excretion was poor. The CTM was administrated prophylactically to prevent postoperative infections in 10 patients. Eight of 10 had no episodes during postoperative period. Wound infection, however, was found in 2 patients. No clinical and laboratory side effects were caused by CTM.

Cefotaxime↗