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Biomedical subjects

Y K Batra

Publications and source records attributed to Y K Batra.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of different combinations of H2 receptor antagonist with gastrokinetic drugs on gastric fluid pH and volume in children--a comparative study.

In a prospective double-blind randomized study, 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I (ASAI) children (aged 2-8 years) were allocated randomly to receive 1 of the 5 different oral premedicant combination, 2 hours before surgery. Group I (control) received placebo premedication, group II (RM) received ranitidine 2 mg/kg-1 with metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg-1, group III (RD) received ranitidine 2 mg/kg-1 with domperidone 0.3 mg/kg-1, group IV (FM) received famotidine 0.5 mg/kg-1 with metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg-1, and group V (FD) received famotidine 0.5 mg/kg-1 with domperidone 0.3 mg/kg-1. After tracheal intubation, gastric fluid was aspirated and analyzed for pH and total fluid volume. In 9 patients there was no aspirate, hence they were excluded from the study. Eighteen children from the control group and none of the children from other groups had gastric pH < 2.5 and volume > 0.4 ml/kg-1 (p < 0.01). Mean gastric pH (> 5.16) in RM, RD, FM, and FD groups was significantly higher as compared to control group (1.83) (p < 0.01). Mean gastric volume was significantly lower in RM, RD, FM, and FD groups (< 0.24 ml/kg-1) as compared to control group (0.5 ml/kg-1) (p < 0.01). Famotidine was found to be more effective in increasing gastric pH (p < 0.01) and decreasing volume (p < 0.05) as compared to ranitidine. No difference was found between metoclopramide and domperidone in increasing gastric pH and reducing gastric volume.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1996

Effect of epidural buprenorphine and clonidine on vesical functions in women.

Buprenorphine (4 micrograms/kg body weight) and clonidine (3 micrograms/kg body weight) were administered epidurally to investigate their effect on vesical function in 20 American Society of Anaesthesiologists Classification I (ASA I) adult females. Cystometry was performed before and 30 minutes following epidural administration of drugs. Epidural administration of buprenorphine increased the maximum cystometric capacity from 352 +/- 98.5 - 462.8 +/- 167.3 ml (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in detrusor pressure at maximum cystometric capacity, in vesical compliance, maximum flow rate, and in the mean flow rate. Epidural administration of clonidine did not produce any significant change in the above urodynamic parameters. None of the patients in both groups developed retention of urine.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1995

Analgesic and urodynamic effects of epidural meperidine and pentazocine--a comparative study.

Meperidine 1 mg kg-1 and pentazocine 0.3 mg kg-1 were administered epidurally to investigate their effect on vesical function in twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I (ASA-1) adult males. Cystometry was performed before and 45 minutes following epidural administration of meperidine and pentazocine. There was no significant change in maximum cystometric capacity, detrusor pressure at which detrusor reflex occurred and in vesical compliance following epidural administration of meperidine in ten patients and also in ten patients who received epidural pentazocine. The mean onset of analgesia after epidural administration of meperidine was 8 minutes which lasted for more than 360 minutes whereas mean onset of analgesia after epidural administration of pentazocine was 4 minutes which lasted for more than 360 minutes. There was no significant change in heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate after epidural administration of either meperidine or pentazocine. None of the subjects in either of the groups experienced any difficulty in passing urine, frequency or urgency of micturition. Side-effects like nausea, vomiting, pruritus and respiratory depression were not observed. It is concluded that epidural administration of meperidine 1 mg kg-1 or pentazocine 0.3 mg kg-1 produces significant analgesia of faster onset without altering vesical function as documented, both subjectively by voiding symptoms and objectively by cystometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Is atropine alone sufficient in acute severe organophosphorus poisoning?: experience of a North West Indian Hospital.

Between January 1990 and December 1992, 18 patients with severe organophosphate poisoning (OPP) were admitted to our respiratory intensive care unit (RICU). Suicidal ingestion was the commonest cause of poisoning (15/18). The treatment comprised of atropine in bolus doses. 2-PAM in conventional dose and mechanical ventilation (MV) with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) wherever indicated. The mean dose of atropine on day 1 was 178.9 mg (range 60-480 mg) and then gradually reduced. The mean duration of treatment with atropine was 9.6 days (range 1-24 days). We felt that aggressive atropinization and MV with PEEP is adequate and the role of 2-PAM given in 3 gm dose in 12 h is not clear. There is a need for controlled study to assess the efficacy of atropine and MV alone vs. atropine, 2-PAM in suggested doses and MV in severe OPP patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Nifedipine attenuates the hypertensive response to tracheal intubation in pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Thirty women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) scheduled for Caesarean section under general anaesthesia were studied to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual nifedipine in attenuating the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The patients were randomly given either the contents of a nifedipine capsule 10 mg or placebo sublingually 20 min before induction of anaesthesia. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at various time intervals. There was a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) after pretreatment with nifedipine (P < 0.01). The increase in MAP during laryngoscopy and intubation was higher in the control group compared with nifedipine pretreatment group (P < 0.01). During laryngoscopy and intubation, MAP decreased by 3 mmHg in the nifedipine pretreatment group, while there was an increase of 14 mmHg in the control group. Heart rate increased in both the groups during the laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation (P < 0.01) but the increase was higher in the nifedipine group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Neonatal Apgar scores in both the groups were comparable. These results suggest that sublingual nifedipine is effective in attenuating the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and intubation but not the tachycardiac response in parturients with PIH.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1993

Side-to-side lienorenal shunt without splenectomy in noncirrhotic portal hypertension in children.

Noncirrhotic portal hypertension is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infants, children, and adolescents in India. More than one major bleeding episode, severe hypersplenism, presence of fundal varices, rare blood group, remoteness from the hospital, and patient noncompliance to sclerotherapy formed the main indications for shunt surgery. One hundred four cases of noncirrhotic portal hypertension (age range, 18 months to 20 years) underwent side-to-side lienorenal shunt (SSLR) without splenectomy in a period of 15 years. Splenic veins varying in diameter from 4 to 18 mm and in length from 3 to 4 cm were skeletonized through the root of transverse mesocolon and a shunt of at least 1.5 cm in diameter was constructed. At a mean follow-up of 54 months, 87% of shunts were patent, 13% of shunts were blocked, and 2% were inadequate. Ten percent of the children had rebled, all of whom had a blocked shunt. Growth and development was normal and no patients developed encephalopathy. There was a good correlation between shunt patency on splenoportography and endoscopic disappearance of varices, reduction in the size of spleen and splenic pulp pressure, and improvement of hypersplenism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Serum potassium levels following suxamethonium administration in septic peritonitis patients.

Serum potassium and sodium changes following suxamethonium (1.5 mg/kg) administration were studied in 25 patients with septic peritonitis and 25 with no signs of peritonitis. A highly significant rise (P less than 0.001) in serum potassium (0.1-2.5 mEq/l) above the pre-induction levels was observed following suxamethonium administration in patients with septic peritonitis with maximum rise at 5 min following suxamethonium. This rise in potassium was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in peritonitis patients at 3,5, and 10 min interval. A positive correlation was found between rise of potassium and duration of illness (P less than 0.01). No statistically significant changes were observed in serum sodium levels in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of decreased cerebrospinal fluid proteins on the spread of local anaesthetic drugs in pregnancy.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma protein concentrations were determined in 60 ASA-I female patients, 30 non-pregnant women, who were to undergo lower abdominal or lower limb surgery (group I, controls) and 30 pregnant women at term, who were posted for lower segment caesarean section (group II). All patients received spinal analgesia. Time of onset of analgesia and level of analgesia achieved were compared in two groups. A significant fall (16.6%) was noted in the plasma proteins in pregnant (6.10 +/- 0.6 g/dl) women as compared to non-pregnant patients (7.30 +/- 0.44 g/dl; P less than 0.01). CSF proteins also showed a significant fall (43.2%) in pregnant (25.80 +/- 5.52 mg/dl), as compared to non-pregnant women (45.43 +/- 7.66 mg/dl; P less than 0.001). Dose of local anaesthetic drug required was significantly less (44%) in pregnant (3.21 +/- 0.29 mg/segment) as compared to non-pregnant women (5.73 +/- 0.74 mg/segment; P less than 0.01). Time of onset of block was significantly less in pregnant than in non-pregnant patients after the injection of drug (2.86 +/- 0.42 sec and 3.41 +/- 0.43 sec respectively; P less than 0.01). No correlation was found between plasma proteins and CSF proteins. CSF protein concentration also did not correlate with dose of local anaesthetic drug, or with time of onset of block. It is suggested that fall in CSF protein concentration may be another contributory factor in the reduced dose requirement of local anaesthetic drug for subarachnoid block during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nifedipine attenuates the intraocular pressure response to intubation following succinylcholine.

Forty patients without eye disease, undergoing elective nonophthalmic surgery, were studied to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual nifedipine in attenuating the intraocular pressure response to succinylcholine administration, laryngoscopy and intubation. The patients were randomly given either nifedipine 10 mg or placebo sublingually 20 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded before and after induction of anaesthesia. The IOP response to succinylcholine administration, laryngoscopy and intubation was significantly less in patients receiving nifedipine (P less than 0.01). The mean maximum rise in IOP above basal level at one minute post-intubation was 7.82 mmHg in the control group compared with 0.15 mmHg in the nifedipine pre-treated group. These results suggest that sublingual nifedipine is effective in attenuating the IOP response after succinylcholine administration, laryngoscopy and intubation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of nifedipine on cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation.

The efficacy of sublingual nifedipine in attenuating the pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation was studied in 40 patients undergoing elective surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5.5 mg kg-1 i.v. and tracheal intubation was facilitated with suxamethonium 1.5 mg kg-1 i.v. Patients were allocated randomly to receive sublingual nifedipine 10 mg or placebo capsules 10 min before induction. Patients receiving placebo capsule showed significant increases in heart rate and arterial pressure associated with tracheal intubation (P less than 0.001). The increases in arterial pressure and rate-pressure product were reduced in nifedipine treated patients (P less than 0.001). Heart rate increased significantly in both groups immediately after intubation.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1988

Hyponatraemia and mental symptoms following vesical ultrasonic lithotripsy.

A patient became confused and restless after vesical ultrasonic lithotripsy performed with distilled water as the irrigant. Serum sodium decreased to 120 mmol/litre from the pre-operative value of 138 mmol/litre. A cystogram revealed intraperitoneal extravasation of contrast. She recovered promptly after intravenous infusion of normal saline and emergency surgery for repair of the damaged bladder wall. This case illustrates that hyponatraemia and mental symptoms similar to those following transurethral resection syndrome also occur with ultrasonic lithotripsy when distilled water is used as the irrigant.

Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materi↗
PubMed1988

Attenuation of pulse rate and blood pressure response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation by clonidine.

Forty healthy patients (ASA class 1) of both sexes, aged between 20 and 45 years, undergoing routine surgical procedures were included in this double-blind randomized study. They were divided into two groups of 20 each. Patients in group A received no pretreatment, while patients in group B received oral clonidine 5 micrograms kg-1 90 min before induction of anesthesia. All patients received thiopentone (5 mgs kg-1) followed by suxamethonium (1.5 mgs kg-1) to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Control patients showed a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure; they were significantly lower in the clonidine treated group immediately after intubation (p less than 0.001). The data suggest that the rise in heart rate and blood pressure associated with laryngoscopy and intubation during a routine induction sequence can be attenuated by the use of oral clonidine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Awareness under anaesthesia due to a defective gas-loaded regulator.

Awareness under anaesthesia occurred in two patients due to a defect in an anaesthesic machine, which caused an inadequate supply of nitrous oxide. A defective fail-safe gas-loaded regulator was found to have caused communication between the pipelines for oxygen and nitrous oxide. This resulted in oxygen flow through the nitrous oxide flowmeter. A simple test to detect this type of defect is suggested.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗