Biomedical subjects

Y Juliano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Juliano.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Chronic effects of azidothymidine and acyclovir on pregnant rats.

1. The antiviral effect of azidothymidine (AZT) can be potentiated by acyclovir (ACV), and this drug association has been used in the management of HIV-infected patients. In the present study we examined the effects of such an association on rat pregnancy. 2. AZT (60 mg/kg b.w.) and ACV (60 mg/kg b.w.) were given to groups of pregnant rats once a day from the 1st to the 20th day of gestation. 3. Maternal body weight gain was severely affected by ACV; this effect was attenuated in rats treated with AZT+ACV and was virtually absent with AZT alone. 4. The abortive action of ACV was markedly diminished in the group treated with the association AZT+ACV. 5. The deleterious effects of ACV on rat pregnancy are presumably due to its extraplacental actions, and these are, at least in part, counteracted by concomitant treatment with AZT.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1995

Neurological outcome in coronary artery surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

INTRODUCTION: The neurological complications of coronary artery surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been extensively studied, but to our knowledge those without CPB (NCPB) have not been defined. PATIENTS & METHODS: We prospectively examined 81 patients, before and up to seven days after surgery, to compare the neurological morbidity between patients subjected to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with and without CPB. We analyzed demographic variables, risk factors and neurological examination including neuropsychological (NPS) tests using chi-square and non-parametric analysis (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis). RESULTS: Forty-eight patients (34M; median age = 62 yrs; median number of grafts = 3 and median total surgery duration = 300 min) operated with CPB and 33 without CPB (23M; median age = 64 yrs; median number of grafts = 2 and median total surgery duration = 240 min) differed only in relation to number of grafts (p = 0.0001) and surgery duration (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: We found no difference in early neurological outcome in patients subjected to CABG with or without CPB.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[CSF total proteins in the prognosis of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The main purpose of this study was to verify the value of CSF total proteins level on the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In order of this, samples of 254 patients with diagnosis of intracranial bleeding were analyzed, with special attention to the rate of CSF total proteins. Statistical tests for evaluation of the results have been accomplished, revealing a close relationship between the total proteins rates increase and death in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, independent of sex and age. The limit score of total proteins level for survive was 3000 mg/100 ml (nephelometric method).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Evoked potentials by median nerve stimulation: comparison of central conduction time defined by different measure points].

After stimulation of the right median nerve in 20 normal adult volunteers interpeak latency N13-N20 and the difference in onset latency of the components N11-N20 are compared. A fractionation of the last measure was made at the onset of the P13-14 complex. The results concur with the ones in the literature, and it has been observed that all points measured could be obtained without significant difference on the C6-FZ and P3-FZ montages.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Related observations for the use of mounting between neck posterior and scalp in evoked potentials by median nerve stimulation].

Somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the median nerve were obtained in a group of normal individuals. The components obtained between 12 and 22 ms were analysed with cephalic and non-cephalic references. It is shown that the P13-14 complex is the major contributor for the amplitude of the N13 component recorded with electrodes between the posterior neck and the scalp. It has not been possible to detect differences in amplitude or latencies for the components N18 and P22 recorded between FZ-non cephalic and C6-FZ. Implications of these findings to clinical interpretations of the responses are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Treatment with prophylactic doses of ferrous sulphate as an intervention measure in the campaign++ against iron deficiency in children cared for in basic health units].

The efficacy of medical prophylaxis in the fight against iron deficiency anemia in 620 children aged from four to thirty-six months, attended in two health units of the municipality of S. Paulo, Brazil, was tested. First, the children's blood was tested for hemoglobin level and electrophoresis. Then they received daily doses of iron sulphate in the form of drops, corresponding to 12 mg/day of elementary iron, over a 30-day period. Afterwards, they were asked to return for re-evaluation. Twenty-five percent of children under 6 months presented hemoglobin levels under 11.0 g/dl. The highest occurrences of anemia were detected among children aged 9 to 11 months (49.5%) and in the age bracket between 12 and 23 months (50.4%). After the established period, only 37.4% of the children with anemia and 52.4% of children who did not present anaemia returned for further evaluation. Of the 299 evaluated, only 157 (52.5%) had taken the medication correctly. Frequency of hemoglobin inferior to 9.5 g/dl dropped from 17.1% at the beginning to 8.1% at the end of the intervention. On the other hand, the percentage of children with hemoglobin above 12.0 g/dl increased from 13.4% to 33.4%. Those children who took their iron supplements correctly registered a significantly higher drop in the number of cases of anemia than that observed in those who had not taken the supplement correctly. The great majority (80.3%) did not present any side effects of medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anemia, Hypochromic↗

PubMed1994

Radioaerosol 99mTc-DTPA characterization produced by some nebulizers.

1. The radioaerosol 99mTc-DTPA produced by jet and ultrasonic nebulizers was characterized by measuring the median mass diameter (MMD) and geometric standard deviation (sigma g) and these characteristics were interpreted in terms of the aerodynamic principles of inertial impactation. 2. Jet nebulizers of the same model, with different outflows (NSA = 0.14 ml/min; NSB = 0.24 ml/min and NSC = 0.40 ml/min) showed different radioaerosol mass distribution, with MMD (NSC) > MMD (NSA). The ultrasonic nebulizer US-1000 from Narcosul, which is operated with an air flow of 2 l/min and frequency of 1.6 MHz, generated radioaerosol with MMD = 2.40 microns, higher than that obtained with most of the jet nebulizers evaluated (NSA = 1.50 microns; NSB1V = 1.40 microns; NSB2V = 1.20 microns and PITT#1 - 0.80 microns), and the ultrasonic nebulizer presented the highest outflow of the nebulized solution (1.15 ml/min). 3. Connecting one or two impactation reservoirs to the NSB jet nebulizer modified the mass distribution, which became significantly narrower for NSB2V when compared to the other two nebulizers. NSB2V presented a mass percentage with a diameter of 3 microns or less and a sufficient outflow for use in ventilation and pulmonary permeability studies. 4. Comparison of the mass collected in the cascade impactor and the total mass generated by the NSB, NSB1V and NSB2V nebulizers showed, on average, 4.5% efficiency in radioaerosol generation with a diameter of less than 16 microns and 3.2% efficiency for a diameter of 3 microns or less.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1994

[The Mini-Mental State Examination in a general population: impact of educational status].

To assess the influence of age and education on cognitive performance in our population, 530 adults were interviewed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental Status Examination). Education level, classified as illiterate, elementary and middle (< 8 years) and high (> 8 years), was a significant predictor of performance (p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the total scores were not significantly different among the age-groups, young (< or = 50 years), middle age 51 to 64 years) and elderly (> or = 65 years). The reference cut-off values were taken from the fifth percent lowest score for each group: illiterate, 13; elementary and middle, 18; and high, 26. When compared to 94 patients with cognitive impairment, our cut-off values achieved high sensitivity (82.4% for illiterates; 75.6% for elementary and middle; 80% for high) and specificity (97.5% for illiterate; 96.6% for elementary and middle; 95.6% for high educational level). Education-specific reference values for the MMSE are necessary in interpreting individual test results in populations of low educational level, in order to reduce the false positive results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Blood glucose and insulin response to intravenous glucose by patients with chronic Chagas' disease and alcoholism.

Blood glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose 500 mg/kg in a group of alcoholic chagasic patients (Group I, N = 15) were assessed and compared to those of a group of patients with Chagas' disease without alcoholism (Group II, N = 16), a group of alcoholics without Chagas' disease (Group III, N = 22), and a group of non-alcoholics without Chagas' disease (Group IV, N = 15). Determinations of serum glucose and insulin were done under fasting conditions, 5 and 10 min after the injection of 50% glucose. There was no difference in mean serum glucose levels between groups. Mean serum insulin levels at times 5 and 10 min and for the total integrated response were lower (P < 0.05) in Groups I and II as compared to Group IV; at time 10 min the mean was lower (P < 0.05) in Group III as compared to Group IV. There was a nonsignificant trend for a lower insulinemic response in Group I as compared to Group II. These data suggest denervation of or injury to pancreatic B cell by Chagas' disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Normal values of neural conduction velocity in a group of 101 subjects].

Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were analysed in a group of 101 normal Brazilians. The normal values were obtained considering the group age, the distal and proximal segments of each nerve, the differences in the right and left side for each nerve. A significant decline in the conduction was found for the elderly aged group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Glucose absorption by the interposed colon segment after intestinal resection.

One of the proposed surgical treatments of Short Bowel Syndrome is the interposition of a distal colon segment between two portions of the remnant small intestine. This method proved to reverse the nutritional disorders caused by this morbid entity. Surgical technique consisted in an 80% small bowel resection and the interposition of a 3 cm segment of distal colon between the remaining jejunum and ileum. After 70 days, the animals were reoperated and the interposed and the distal colon were isolated and tied. By using the method of rapid and successive absorptions of a glucose solution through the intestinal lumen, the relations between the absorption curves of the interposed and the normal colon could be drawn. Results show that the interposed colon segment absorbs more glucose (mean = 1.43 +/- 1.16 mg/dl) than the distal colon (mean = 0.37 +/- 0.29 mg/dl) and that its absorption pattern is similar to the small bowel rather than the colon. These results allow the use of this method for further studies in which the interposed colon adaptation is studied with other nutrients and/or under specific conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Effects of whole-body X-irradiation on the peripheral blood of primate Cebus apella.

The effects of ionizing radiation on the peripheral blood elements of primate Cebus apella were examined after a single 25.8 mC/kg (100 R) dose of whole-body X-ray. We determined the number of white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and erythrocytes up to 90 days after exposure of 5 animals. Hemoglobin content and microhematocrit were also determined. Under these experimental conditions, the total number of leukocytes was reduced from 9440/mm3 to 5660/mm3 on day 6, mainly because of a decrease in the lymphocyte population from 5843.2/mm3 to 2349.0/mm3 on day 6. No significant differences were observed in the values of erythrocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, hemoglobin content and microhematocrit. All hematological parameters studied returned to normal values by day 90 after a single irradiation dose of 100 R.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Metabolism and preservation of fresh and stored erythrocytes in blood treated with gentian violet.

1. The metabolism of the erythrocytes in the gentian violet (GV)-treated blood from ten donors was studied weekly from time zero to the 28th day of storage in order to evaluate the efficacy of the use of GV in the chemoprophylaxis of transfusional Chagas' disease. 2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in erythrocytes of GV-treated blood were similar to the control until and including the 21st day, with a significant decrease of approximately 40% in relation to control detected only on the 28th day. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate levels of GV-treated blood significantly decreased from the 21st to the 28th day in relation to the control. However, they were above the minimum accepted for good preservation. pH, partial oxygen pressure (pO2), partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), sodium and potassium levels were similar to the respective controls. 3. The use of gentian violet in the chemoprophylaxis of transfusional Chagas' disease is strongly recommended in endemic areas and/or where no safe serologic tests are available.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗

PubMed1987