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Biomedical subjects

Y Itzchak

Publications and source records attributed to Y Itzchak.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of urethral obstruction and diverticulum of the urinary bladder.

In a 28 year old gravida 2 para 1 an ultrasonogram at 35 weeks of gestation revealed a huge cystic abdominal tumor in fetus. Postpartum ultrasound, excretory urography and micturating cystourethrography showed a trabeculated bladder with a large diverticulum and hydronephrosis due to a posterior urethral valve. The prenatal diagnosis of this anomaly and immediate surgical intervention prevented additional severe damage in the newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sonographic demonstration of the right ascending lumbar vein.

The right ascending lumbar vein has not previously been described in the sonographic literature. This vein is an important part of the abdominal prevertebral anastomotic network and appears sonographically as an anechoic tubular structure lying dorsal and parallel to the inferior vena cava. It was detected in 14 of 20 randomly selected patients who underwent routine abdominal sonography and had a mean diameter of 2.0 mm +/- 0.8 SD. In another six patients with abnormal blood flow in the inferior vena cava, dilated lumbar veins were demonstrated.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Continuous sonographic monitoring of IUD extraction during pregnancy: preliminary report.

The significance of the location of intrauterine contraceptive device in relation to the gestational sac on pregnancy outcome was studied in 13 pregnant women after extraction of the device. Of the seven women (group 1) who had the intrauterine contraceptive device removed after initial localization by sonography, two (28.5%) miscarried. In both cases the device was located cephalad or lateral to the gestational sac. In six women (group 2) continuous sonographic scanning was undertaken to visualize the extraction procedure. Traction on an intrauterine device located laterally (two cases) or cephalad (one case) to the gestational sac was followed by distortion of the sac configuration. Gentle intermittent traction on the contraceptive device resulted in successful extraction procedure. These preliminary observations suggest that pregnancies with an intrauterine contraceptive device located laterally or cephalad to the gestational sac are at greater risk during extraction of the device. Sonographic monitoring of the extraction procedure during pregnancy may minimize the hazards of intrauterine contraceptive device failure.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Significance of ultrasound and gallium scanning in detecting intraabdominal abscesses.

The diagnostic value of ultrasound was compared to that of gallium scan in 36 patients with clinically suspected intraabdominal abscessed. Both modalities reached an accuracy of 91.6%. The gallium scan was found to be more sensitive (93.3%) than ultrasound (86.6%), while the specificity rate of ultrasound (95.2%) was superior to that of the gallium scan (90.4%). It is suggested that, in the acutely ill patient, ultrasound should be the method of choice, whereas in the nonacute patient, either method may be used. A positive ultrasound examination and a negative gallium scan can be considered conclusive, whereas a negative ultrasound study or a positive gallium scan needs the complimentary support of the other modality in order to reach a definite conclusion.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Hepatobiliary ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid in neonatal jaundice.

Neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia are disorders of early infancy that represent variable expressions of one entity. Clinical and extensive laboratory evaluation are unsatisfactory in distinguishing between the two diseases. The usefulness of hepatobiliary ultrasonography in the evaluation of neonatal jaundice is described in four infants. Ultrasonic diagnosis was substantiated by laparotomy, liver biopsy or autopsy. The performance of hepatobiliary ultrasonography is recommended in all cases of neonatal jaundice in order to differentiate between extrahepatic biliary obstruction and neonatal hepatitis.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonographic assessment of bladder tumors. I. Tumor detection.

A total of 37 patients with 71 bladder tumors underwent ultrasonographic examination in an attempt to evaluate its accuracy in detection of bladder tumors. Accurate detection depended on the size and location of the neoplasm. Bladder tumors less than 0.5 cm. in diameter, regardless of location, as well as those of any size located in the bladder neck or dome areas were difficult to detect. On the other hand, diagnostic accuracy was 95 per cent for tumors more than 0.5 cm. in size and situated on the posterior or lateral walls of the bladder. Thus, ultrasound is an additional diagnostic tool for detection of bladder tumors and is indicated in those cases in which cystoscopy could not be done or was not conclusive.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonographic assessment of bladder tumors. II. Clinical staging.

Uniformity of the echo return from the bladder wall has been demonstrated in experimental and patient studies. An infiltrating bladder tumor disrupts this uniformity. The studies also showed a sharp bladder wall outline that was less echogenic, probably representing the perivesical fat. Thus, the ultrasonographic estimation of tumor staging as related to the depth of infiltration of the bladder wall. A staging accuracy of nearly 100 per cent was found for deep tumors of the bladder wall or those penetrating extravesical structures. On the other hand, many superficial tumors were overstaged, their staging accuracy being only slightly higher than 55 per cent. However, in view of its accuracy in staging infiltrating tumors, in addition to its other already known advantages, ultrasound seems to be the method of choice in preoperative staging of tumors. We believe that it should be included in the routine protocol and should follow diagnostic cystoscopy in all cases of tumors larger than 0.5 cm.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1981

Sonography of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Twenty children with suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were studied by sonography. The thickened pyloric muscle is seen as an anechoic mass 1.5 cm or more in diameter, with strong central echoes. Of the 16 infants with a pyloric mass of 1.5 cm or more, 15 underwent surgery and the diagnosis was confirmed. In four patients with a pylorus less than 1.5 cm, the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis was excluded and all were discharged without surgery. Real-time scanning is useful in localizing the pylorus and in demonstrating lack of passage of gastric content across the narrowed pyloric canal.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Prolonged opacification of the gallbladder after oral cholecystography: a reevaluation of its clinical significance.

The frequency of prolonged opacification of the gallbladder after oral cholecystography was determined in several conditions that are manifestly or reputedly associated with gallbladder dysfunction: in patients with gallstones, in cases of "biliary colic" with normal cholecystograms, in postvagotomy patients, and in diabetics. These groups were compared with asymptomatic controls and to patients with irritable bowel syndrome. A dietary fat intake of at least 50 g between the first and last films taken was ensured in all subjects. The effect of fat deprivation was separately studied in asymptomatic controls. Prolonged opacification was encountered in approximately two-thirds of patients with gallstones, in two-thirds of patients with "acalculous biliary colic," in two-thirds of healthy subjects deprived of fat, and in about one-third of postvagotomy patients and diabetics. It was not seen in a single patient with irritable bowel syndrome, and it was encountered in only 1 out of 17 controls whose diet included a fat supplement. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.0001).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal hydatid disease.

Experience with the use of ultrasound for investigating hydatid disease of the abdomen is reported. The presence of daughter cysts within the parent cyst gives a pathognomonic sonographic picture, whether the cyst is single or multiple. The presence of single cysts without daughter cysts is still a diagnostic problem, unless calcification is seen. Associated secondary infection changes the picture to one of a nonspecific abscess, and only the presence of additional cysts can give a clue about the etiology.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Interventional therapeutic procedures in radiology.

The changing role of diagnostic radiology in modern medicine is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the ever-increasing use made of diagnostic procedures for therapeutic purposes. Percutaneous catheter introduction, formerly utilized only for diagnostic vascular procedures, has now been adapted for use in the renal and biliary systems. Treatment may be definitive and may replace surgery. Examples include embolization for the control of internal hemorrhage, removal of retained biliary calculi and intravascular foreign bodies, drainage of a fluid-filled cavity, and dilatation of an area of arterial stenosis. Palliative treatment, as part of the management of malignant tumors, includes intraarterial chemotherapy, preoperative embolization and percutaneous relief of inoperable obstructions of the renal or biliary tracts. Illustrative cases are presented and the indications, techniques and complications of these procedures are discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of lateral neck masses by ultrasound and other modalities.

Ultrasound and other modalities were used to evaluate lateral masses in the neck in 26 patients. Accurate diagnosis of solid and fluid-filled masses, both with and without pulsatile components, was achieved through ultrasound studies. Computed tomography was particularly helpful in cases with bone involvement.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1979

Renal capsular tumors: the angiographic features.

Five masses of the renal capsule, which were studied angiographically, demonstrated a typical inward displacement of the renal parenchyma, and prominence and variable displacement of the renal capsular arteries. Benign lesions typically lacked malignant neovascularity and had a sharp interface with the renal parenchyma. The angiographic characterization of renal capsular lesions may help in identification of benign lesions and prevent unnecessary nephrectomy.

Abscess↗