Biomedical subjects

Y Inaba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inaba.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

The production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha in the cerebrospinal fluid at the initial stage of meningitis in children.

Neutrophils in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increase during the initial stage of meningitis. Some cytokines induce the accumulation of such neutrophils, and we and other investigators have revealed transient increases in the levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-csf) and IL-8 in the CSF of patients with meningitis. To explore the coordination of other cytokines with G-csf and IL-8 in the neutrophil accumulation in the CSF, we herein investigated macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), which can induce the infiltration of neutrophils. The modulation of MIP-1alpha levels in the CSF in children with bacterial (n = 10) and aseptic (n = 22) meningitis was examined using an ELISA. MIP-1alpha levels in the CSF were detectable at the stage with symptoms of meningitis: 289.9 +/- 270.7 ng/L in the bacterial meningitis group and 16.1 +/- 12.5 ng/L in the aseptic meningitis group. These levels decreased with the improvement of symptoms. MIP-1alpha was not detectable (<6 ng/L) in all of the control patients without meningitis (n = 19). The MIP-1alpha levels in the CSF showed a significant correlation with the CSF neutrophil counts (r = 0.750, p < 0.0001; n = 80) of meningitis, and the values of MIP-1alpha (log ng/L)/neutrophil counts (log/L) ratio were calculated (1.003 +/- 0.576). The MIP-1alpha levels in the serum were significantly lower than those in the CSF (p = 0.0464). We found MIP-1alpha mRNA in the CSF cells by the reverse transcriptase-PCR method, and high levels of MIP-1alpha protein in the culture media from mononuclear cells in the CSF in vitro. In summary, The MIP-1alpha level increases in the CSF at the symptomatic stage of meningitis in children, and its cellular source is, in part, mononuclear cells which have infiltrated the CSF. We propose that MIP-1alpha, in addition to G-csf and IL-8, plays an important role in the accumulation of neutrophils in the CSF of patients with meningitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus hemagglutinin.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus hemagglutinin (HAin) was readily adsorbed on mouse erythrocytes at 4, 22, or 37 degrees C, but not on goose erythrocytes. The adsorbed HAin could not be eluted from the cells by resuspending in phosphate buffered saline, by incubating at 37 or 50 degrees C, or by incubating in the presence of neuraminidase. The hemagglutinating activity was not dependent on the pH and NaCl molarity tested. The receptor of mouse erythrocytes for the HAin was relatively stable to trypsin, neuraminidase, sodium deoxycholate (DOC), potassium periodate (KIO4), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and formalin treatments. The HAin was inactivated by 2-ME and was gradually inactivated by pepsin, formalin and DTT, but not by beta-glucosidase, trypsin, alpha-amylase, papain, phospholipase C, neuraminidase, KIO4, and ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatments. The HAin was stable at 37 degrees C or lower temperatures, but not at 56 degrees C or higher. The HAin was relatively resistant to ultraviolet irradiation and sonication. In the equilibrium centrifugation of the HAin preparation on a CsCl density gradient, the HAin activity showed a sharp peak at 1.17 g/cm2. In the SDS-PAGE analysis, the structural polypeptide of HAin in the peak fraction seems to be the nucleocapsid (N) polypeptide with molecular weight of 15 kDa.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1997

Measurement of reverse transcriptase of feline immunodeficiency virus by poly A-linked colorimetric assay.

The method of the poly A-linked colorimetric reverse transcriptase assay (PAC-RTA) was developed and evaluated for the measurement of Mg(2+)-dependent reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). PAC-RTA was first evaluated for the detection of RT activity in the culture supernatant of FIV Petaluma strain. The detection limit of RT activity by PAC-RTA was about 10-fold better than that by the conventional non-radioisotopic RT assay kit. Then, PAC-RTA was evaluated for the indication of FIV isolation from cats naturally infected with FIV. FIV was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 9 FIV-seropositive cats. The time course appearance of RT activity measured by PAC-RTA corresponded with the analysis of FIV antigen expression by indirect immunofluorescence. Finally, PAC-RTA evaluated the drug susceptibility of FIV. MYA-1 cells (feline T-lymphoblastoid cells) were infected with FIV and were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents such as azidothymidine (AZT) or dextran sulfate. An inverse relationship between the RT activities and the concentrations of these agents in the culture supernatant was confirmed by PAC-RTA. PAC-RTA is easy to perform without using radioactive materials, and one plate can handle 96 samples at one time. By monitoring the RT activity, this assay is a useful method for FIV studies such as viral replication and drug susceptibility.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effect of heparin on infection of cells by equine arteritis virus.

The number of plaques formed by equine arteritis virus (EAV) and Aujesky's disease virus (ADV) was reduced to 14% and 5% of the untreated control (100%), respectively, by 10 U/ml of heparin, but could not be reduced below to 13 and 4%, respectively, by use of concentration up to 100 U/ml. An inhibitory effect of heparin, at concentration up to 100 U/ml, was not observed on parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3). Heparinase treatment of RK13 cells reduced the number of EAV-, as well as ADV-induced plaques. On the other hand, the number of PIV-3 induced plaques did not decrease after treatment of RK13 cells with heparinase.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Quantitative measurement of antibody inhibiting reverse transcriptase activity in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.

Quantitative measurement of reverse transcriptase-inhibiting (RTI) antibodies in Japanese household cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was performed by poly A-linked colorimetric reverse transcriptase assay (PAC-RTA). Eight FIV-seropositive plasma samples were diluted twofold from 1:10 to 1:160 and incubated with FIV RT. Fifty percent RTI activity (RTI50) was calculated from a dose response PAC-RTA curve. The plasma of FIV-seropositive cats showed different RTI activities against two Japanese isolates and Petaluma strain. Six of eight plasma samples showed RTI activities against the Japanese isolates (subtype B), but only one showed RTI activity against Petaluma strain (subtype A). It is important to use the appropriate strain as a source of RT for detection of RTI antibody in cats.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Hemagglutination with equine arteritis virus.

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) grown on RK13 cell cultures was tested for hemagglutination (HA) with erythrocytes from a variety of species at 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C. HA was observed at all temperatures with erythrocytes from mouse and chicken but not with those of cattle, horse, rabbit, guinea pig, mongolian gerbil, goose or chick embryo. Chickens showed an individual variation in agglutinability of their erythrocytes, requiring selection of birds to obtain erythrocytes for HA. The HA activity was enhanced by treatment of virus materials with Tween 80 followed by treatment with ether. The HA reaction was inhibited by specific antiserum. Higher HA-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers were obtained by the incubation of serum-HA antigen mixture at 4 degrees C for 24 hr. HI antibody titers of individual horse sera showed a significant positive correlation with their neutralizing antibody titers.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Serum levels and in vitro production of IL-5 in children with bronchial asthma].

IL-5 play important roles in inflammatory responses in bronchial asthma, but little is known about serum levels and in vitro production of IL-5 in childhood bronchial asthma. We further examined serum IL-5 levels in children with bronchial asthma and the controls. IL-5 in serum was detected in all of asthmatic and disease-free individuals. Its values during asthma exacerbation were significantly higher than during remission of asthma. Serum IL-5 values did not significantly differ among groups divided by asthma severity. We studied IL-5 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with or without Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) in children with mite allergy. IL-5 concentrations in culture supernatant from after stimulation with Df were significantly higher than those from asthmatic patients without stimulation and from the control subjects. In contrast, IL-5 levels in culture media from the controls were not significantly different between with and without stimulation with Df. Our results suggest that IL-5 may play roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Asthma↗

PubMed1997

Estimated prevalence and incidence of adult Still's disease: findings by a nationwide epidemiological survey in Japan.

To estimate prevalence and incidence of adult Still's disease in Japan, and to describe the epidemiological features of the patients, a nationwide epidemiological survey was conducted in 1994. The study consisted of two questionnaires which were distributed to the heads of the relevant departments, randomly sampled, in hospitals throughout Japan. Following major epidemiological findings emerged from the study: (a) The total annual number of patients treated for adult Still's disease was estimated as 1,100 in 1993 in Japan. The estimated crude prevalence among those aged 16 years or older were calculated as 0.73 and 1.47 per 100,000 population for males and females, respectively, with the corresponding crude incidence rate of 0.22 and 0.34. (b) The sex ratio (female to male) of the reported patients was 2.1. This female predominance might be specific to Japan, though additional surveys in other countries will be warranted. The mean age of the patients was 38.1 years, and female patients tended to be older than male ones; 50% of the female patients aged 40 years or older, while so did only 28% of the male patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Detection and characterization of hepatic tumors: value of combined helical CT hepatic arteriography and CT during arterial portography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combining helical CT hepatic arteriography (CTA) with helical CT during arterial portography (CTAP) for detecting and characterizing hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1994 to September 1995, combined helical CTA and CTAP were performed in 52 patients (38 men and 14 women, 37-83 years old [mean, 64.1 years old]) with suspected primary or metastatic hepatic tumors before they were evaluated for hepatic resection. Retrospectively, two radiologists reviewed the CTAP images alone and subsequently matched CTA and CTAP images. The radiologists recorded a confidence level on a five-point scale for their evaluation of visible perfusion abnormalities as true lesions, and diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. Using the data sets obtained at the interpretation sessions by the radiologists, we determined sensitivities for CTAP alone and for combined CTA and CTAP in 28 malignant hepatic tumors that were confirmed in 19 patients who underwent definitive surgery. RESULTS: CTA revealed one hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with severe cirrhosis and six adenomatous hyperplasias in another cirrhotic patient that CTAP failed to reveal. In comparison with CTAP alone, the combination of CTA and CTAP allowed significantly more accurate detection of lesions (area under receiver-operating-characteristic curve: 0.889 for CTAP alone versus 0.954 for CTA and CTAP combined, p < .01). The combination of CTA and CTAP also significantly raised the accuracy for characterizing hepatic tumors. Sensitivities for malignant hepatic tumors revealed in the 19 patients who underwent surgery were identical: 93% (26 of 28 tumors) with CTAP alone and with CTA and CTAP combined. CONCLUSION: Although combining CTA and CTAP does not significantly increase sensitivity for detecting hepatic tumors, the combined techniques significantly raise specificity in detecting hepatic tumors and accuracy in characterizing hepatic tumors.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1997

Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: MR imaging versus angiographically assisted helical CT.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare the combination of conventional spin-echo, phase-shift gradient-recalled echo (GRE), and triple-phasic dynamic GRE MR imaging with the combination of helical CT hepatic arteriography (CTA) and CT performed during arterial portography (CTAP) in the preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with cirrhosis underwent MR imaging and angiographically assisted CT imaging. Paired T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images, paired in-phase and out-of-phase GRE images, triple-phasic dynamic GRE images, the combined MR images, and the paired CTA and CTAP images were retrospectively and independently reviewed by three radiologists. Image review was done on a segment-by-segment basis. Of the 280 liver segments, 58 segments contained 79 HCCs that were 0.5-8.0 cm (mean, 2.0 cm) in diameter. The diagnostic value of each pair of images was rated by means of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of combined CTA and CTAP (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [Az] = 0.94) was significantly better than that of spin-echo (Az = 0.86, p < .0001), phase-shift GRE (Az = 0.83, p < .0001), dynamic GRE (Az = 0.85, p < .0001), and all combined (Az = 0.91, p < .001) MR imaging. The relative sensitivity of combined CTA and CTAP (89%) was also significantly (p < .0005) better than that of the combined MR imaging (75%). CONCLUSION: Angiographically assisted helical CT imaging was superior to MR imaging combined with conventional spin-echo, phase-shift GRE, and triple-phasic dynamic GRE techniques in the detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. The noninvasive dedicated combined MR imaging could not obviate invasive angiographically assisted CT imaging. Combined CTA and CTAP is recommended, especially in the preoperative examination of patients with HCC.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Distribution of terbium and increase of calcium concentration in the organs of mice i.v.-administered with terbium chloride.

To investigate the biological effects of terbium (Tb), male mice were intravenously administered with TbCl3 at 10, 25, or 50 mg Tb/kg. Time-course and dose-related changes in organ distributions of Tb were determined. More than 95% of the Tb in blood was in plasma, and the concentrations decreased rapidly. Contrary to normal pharmacokinetics, Tb concentrations in plasma were higher in the 10 mg/kg group than in the 50 mg/kg group. The concentrations after injection of 25 mg/kg were between 10 and 50 mg/kg injections. Tb was incorporated mainly in liver, lung, and spleen. In all groups more than 80% of Tb administered were found in these three organs. Disappearance of Tb in these organs was very slow. Tb was also found in kidney, heart and other organs. Coincidentally, it was found that the Ca concentration was increased in organs in which Tb was incorporated. After administration of Tb (50 mg/kg) the Ca concentration, compared to the controls, was 70-fold in spleen, 20-fold in lung, and 6-fold in liver. There were highly positive correlations between Tb and Ca concentrations in organs. Excretion of Tb in urine was 0.15-0.3% and that in feces was 1.7-12.5% for up to 7 days. These results indicate that liver, lung, and spleen are the main target organs of Tb administered intravenously, and that the increase in Ca concentrations is one of the important biological effects of Tb in target organs.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effect of heparin on infection of cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether heparin has any effect on the growth of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). SAMPLE POPULATION: 2 isolates of PRRSV, and as control viruses, 1 isolate of pseudorabies virus (PRV) and 1 isolate of parainfluenza 3 virus (PIV-3). PROCEDURES: Plaque assays, using a continuous cell line (MARC-145) derived from African green monkey kidney cell line (MA104), were performed for determination of inhibitory effect of heparin on PRRSV, PRV, and PIV-3. The effect of various doses of heparin and heparinase on the growth of PRRSV, PRV, and PIV-3 was evaluated and compared. In each experiment, value were expressed as the mean value for duplicate samples. RESULTS: The number of plaques formed by PRRSV and PRV was reduced to 24 to 25 and 15% of the untreated control (100%), respectively, by 1 U of heparin/ml, but could not be reduced below 6 to 7 and 3%, respectively, by use of concentrations up to 50 U/ml. An inhibitory effect of heparin, at a concentration up to 50 U/ml, was not observed on PIV-3. Delaying addition of heparin for 30 minutes after the addition of PRRSV and PRV reduced plaque formation by 48 to 51 and 68%, respectively, compared with 91 to 92 and 95%, respectively, if heparin was added at the time of infection. In addition, most PRRSV added was retained by heparin beads, as was PRV. Heparinase treatment of MARC-145 cells reduced the number of PRRSV-, as well as PRV-induced plaques. On the other hand, the number of PIV-3-induced plaques did not decrease after treatment of MARC-145 cells with heparinase. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of heparin to PRRSV or to the MARC-145 cells before virus inoculation and treatment of the cells with heparinase prevented the virus from infecting the cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A strain of calicivirus isolated from lions with vesicular lesions on tongue and snout.

In December 1992, 17 African lions and 7 Siberian tigers in a Safari park in Japan became sick with characteristic clinical symptoms of acute vesicular formations on tongue and snout. The disease was highly contagious since all of these animals showed similar symptoms within two days after the onset of the first case. Swabs were taken from affected animals in rubbing tongues, snouts and some from rectums. Cytopathic viruses were isolated on CRFK cell culture by virological tests. The physicochemical property of a representative virus strain, named Arthur/L, isolated from a male lion was identified as a member of Caliciviridae. However, seroneutralization test indicated that this virus strain was antigenically distinct from Japanese isolates of feline caliciviruses used for comparison. Viral capsid proteins of the present isolate, Arthur/L, and of a feline calicivirus, strain FC7, were compared in an electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE gel. The major viral capsid polypeptide of them were proved to be significantly different in molecular weight. The polypeptide of FC7 was estimated to be ca. 63 KDa whereas that of Arthur/L consisted of 2 components of ca. 65 and 62 KDa. The viral proteins of these two strains were also proved to be distinct by an immunoblotting test.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Enhancement pattern of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer on CT arteriography].

The enhancement pattern of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer on CT arteriography (CTA) was evaluated in 79 cases with 405 lesions. Sixty-two percent of overall lesions irrespective of size showed ring-like enhancement, and 33% of lesions less than 1 cm in diameter showed homogeneous enhancement. In pathological examination of 59 resected lesions, the enhancement pattern on CTA had a good correlation with the extent of tumor cellularity, necrosis or fibrosis in the lesions. And in 8.5% of resected lesions, the extent of enhancement on CTA was larger than that of perfusion defect on CT arterial portography, which was almost equal to the size in the resected specimen. In such lesions, the enhancement on CTA might include enhancement of normal hepatic parenchyma around the lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

[A case of idiopathic spinal epidural hematoma with a fructuation of the symptoms].

We reported a 9-year-old girl with idiopathic spinal epidural hematoma. She complained of her back and neck pain only during night for a few days, followed by days with no symptoms (a few days remission of her symptoms). This episode repeated, and she was suspected to have a psychogenic reaction. However, 28 days later after the first symptoms appeared, paralysis of lower extremities, anesthesia and urinary bladder dysfunction (neurogenic bladder) appeared. Spinal MRI showed a spinal epidural hematoma at the C 5-Th 2 level. An emergency operation of laminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma was done, and she has recovered gradually. We diagnosed her as having idiopathic spinal epidural hematoma. Excerbations of symptoms during nights were thought to be due to an elevation of venous pressure by lying, and transient remissions were due to intermittent small hemorrhages.

Child↗

PubMed1996

The isolation of Akabane virus (Iriki strain) from calves in Taiwan.

Nonsuppurative encephalitis in calves aged 4-12 months, cow abortion and fetal deformities were endemic in dairy farms in Taiwan in recent years. A virological investigation emphasizing on Arthpodborn virus (Arbovirus) was conducted. Total of 11 strains of Akabane virus were isolated from endemic districts between June and July of 1992. Among them, seven viruses were isolated from blood samples of 15 calves showing nervous signs. Another 4 Akabane viruses were isolated from clinically healthy calves from three of six dairy farms investigated. All the six investigated farms had a recent history of abortion and fetal deformities. The isolates caused prominent cytopathic effects in HmLu-1 cells and could reach a high virus titers (5 x 10(6) TCID50/ml). As demonstrated by a cross neutralization test, the isolates had identical antigenicity to Iriki strain of Akabane virus, but were antigenically more distant to JaGar-39 and OBE-1 strain of Akabane virus. This is the first report on the isolation of Akabane virus in Taiwan, and also the second report on the isolation of Iriki virus in the world.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Large outbreak of swine influenza in southern Japan caused by reassortant (H1N2) influenza viruses: its epizootic background and characterization of the causative viruses.

In the winter of 1989 and the spring of 1990, there were large outbreaks of respiratory disease in two swine herds in Nagasaki Prefecture, southern Japan. Serological surveillance indicated that the majority of swine possessed antibodies to swine influenza virus H1 haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of early H3N2 influenza virus strains. Eight viruses were isolated from swine that showed typical clinical symptoms of influenza. The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of these isolates were closely related to those of swine H1N1 and early human H3N2 viruses, respectively. At least two types of haemagglutinin antigens, distinguished by two monoclonal antibodies, were involved in the outbreaks. Evolutionary analyses indicated that the haemagglutinin gene of the H1N2 reassortants was closely related to those of a recent swine lineage (A/sw/HK/1/74 and A/sw/Ehime/1/80 viruses). However, the neuraminidase genes of the H1N2 reassortants were similar to those of swine N2 viruses which in turn are related to early human H3N2 viruses. A comparison of partial nucleotide sequences revealed that the six other genes of A/sw/Nagasaki/1/89 were derived from those of swine H1N1 virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Association between family history and gastric carcinoma among young adults.

The relationship between family history of gastric carcinoma and gastric carcinoma in Japanese under 40 years of age was analyzed. The subjects were 108 gastric carcinoma patients (86% were diffuse type) at 9 hospitals in the Kanto area of Japan. Firstly, incidence of gastric carcinoma among the parents of the subjects were compared with that in the general population. Observed/expected (O/E) ratios (P-value) were 1.8 (0.06) for all subjects, 1.3 (0.62) for male subjects, 2.1 (0.04) for female subjects, 0.5 (0.41) for early carcinoma, 2.6 (P<0.01) for advanced carcinoma, 2.3 (0.22) for intestinal-type carcinoma and 1.7 (0.13) for diffuse-type carcinoma. Association between gastric carcinoma and parents' history of gastric carcinoma was strong among women and regarding advanced carcinoma, and the difference in O/E ratios between early and advanced carcinoma was remarkable. Secondly, factors related to advanced-stage gastric carcinoma were analyzed. Histological type (diffuse and intestinal types) was not related, but family history of gastric carcinoma among parents and grandparents was related to advanced stage, and the relationship was independent of other factors. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 3.3 (1.1-9.9). Family history may be related to stage of gastric carcinoma through its relationship to the manner or speed of the tumor's progression. We hypothesis that some genetic factor exists which is involved both in progression from early to advanced stage and in occurrence of gastric carcinoma.

Adolescent↗