Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Inaba.
Four virus strains with identical antigenic properties were isolated from blood samples of 4 sentinel calves having a fever and leukopenea in cultures of HmLu-1 cells derived from baby hamster lung. The virus was identified as Fukuoka virus, classified as a member of the Kern Canyon serogroup viruses of the family Rhabdoviridae, on the basis of its antigenic properties.
Normal skin specimens from different body sites were estimated for the expression of CA 50 in comparison with CA 19-9 and CEA. Expression of CA 50 and CA 19-9 was observed in the ductal system and a small part of the secretory portion of eccrine units, but never in any other skin components including apocrine units. CEA was expressed on the ductal and a small part of the secretory portion of apocrine units as well as on those of eccrine units. However, the expression pattern and intensity in eccrine units were different from those of CA 50 or CA 19-9. We concluded that CA 50 was strongly expressed in the normal ductal system of eccrine units and hence could be standardized to stain the eccrine ductal portion and that immunohistochemical comparative studies with CA 19-9 or CEA might be a good methodological technique for discriminating an eccrine or apocrine origin for some skin disorders.
Hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived 5- and 27-day-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly (IM) or intranasally (IN) with the temperature-sensitive and thymidine kinase-deficient ZHtsTK- strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), and the nasal swabs and organs of the pigs were periodically collected for virus isolation. No abnormal clinical signs were observed in these pigs, except for a mild febrile response. Viral shedding in the nasal swabs with low titers was detected in the pigs inoculated IN between postinoculation day (PID) 1 and 5, but not in those of the pigs inoculated IM. No contact infection, however, occurred in the cohabiting pigs. Viruses with low titers were isolated only from the muscles and lymph nodes at the site of inoculation in the pigs inoculated IM on PID 2 and 4, but not from any organs of the pigs inoculated IN. To investigate the ability of the ZHtsTK- strain to establish a latent infection in pigs, the pigs inoculated IM or IN with the ZHtsTK- strain were treated with prednisolone. No virus was detected in the trigeminal ganglia or the nasal swabs collected after prednisolone treatment by the cocultivation method. The immunological evaluation demonstrated that immunization of pigs with this strain was effective in preventing clinical signs caused by ADV infection. The duration of virus shedding was markedly shortened in immunized pigs, particularly in those immunized twice and the total quantity of virus recovered from immunized pigs was reduced in comparison with unimmunized pigs.
Twenty four cloned isolates of Aujeszky's disease virus collected from outbreaks of Aujeszky's disease from 1981 through 1989 in Japan were characterized by their restriction endonuclease (RE) cleavage patterns, virulence for mice and thymidine kinase (TK) activity. All of the isolates belonged to Type II of the four types classified by Herrmann et al. (1984). Based on the number and migration rate of the restriction fragments, the isolates were divided into 7 groups with Bam HI, 9 groups with Kpn I, 3 groups with BstE II and 2 groups with Sal I. The results indicate that the RE analysis, especially with Bam HI and Kpn I, provides useful epidemiological information about field isolates of Aujeszky's disease virus. All of the isolates showed virulence for mice ranging from 6.9 to 63.0 (PFU/LD50). It was interesting that the Nagano S87 strain, which had the highest virulence for the mouse, showed unique RE cleavage patterns with four enzymes. On the other hand, ara-T-resistant, TK-negative strain, was avirulent for mice (greater than 10(6.4) PFU/LD50). All of the isolates investigated in this study showed TK activity by the thymidine plaque autoradiography.
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The patient was a 62-year-old male who had Borrmann 4 type gastric cancer. He presented massive ascites due to peritonitis carcinomatosa and the cytology of ascites was class V. He was treated with 3 courses of EAP (etoposide, adriamycin, cisplatin) therapy. Computed tomography showed ascites nearly disappeared. Remarkable improvement was observed by barium meal study and endoscopic examination, and partial remission (PR) was achieved. As for toxicity bone marrow suppression, alopecia and elevation of BUN were observed.
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In the mass-screening system for gastric cancer, subjects are primarily examined by contrasted indirect roentgenography and if secondary examination is diagnosed to be necessary, they are examined by contrasted direct roentgenography or gastric fiberscopy. Methods for increasing the efficiency of this system from the standpoint of cost-effectiveness were studied, and the basis for decision of whether or not serological examinations such as of serum pepsinogens and serum anti-Helicobacter-antibodies should be brought in to the system, and in what manner serological examinations should be brought in to the system if proven to be effective were examined. Problems found in the present practiced system and the proposed new system with serological examinations were repetition interval for examinations, selection of high-risk subjects and communication between subjects and the medical staff or among the members of the medical staff. Analysis by receiver operating characteristics curve should be included when serological examinations are indicated. In addition whether the mass-screening system for gastric cancer produces an actual reduction in death by gastric cancer should be confirmed after the system is made more efficient.
Clinical usefulness of arterial redistribution using steel coils to prevent hepatic arterial occlusion and gastric ulcer was compared with the conventional method. Fifty-two patients with liver malignancies were inserted with steel coils into the common hepatic artery after percutaneous hepatic catheterization (CHA-coil) to prevent hepatic arterial occlusion. The tip of the indwelling catheter was fixed to the vascular wall, and the contact area between the catheter and blood into the liver became smaller. Fifty-nine other patients were inserted with steel coils into the right gastric artery (RGA-coil) to prevent gastric ulcer. The CHA-coil succeeded in 84% of the patients, and hepatic arterial occlusion occurred in only 4% of these patients. The RGA-coil succeeded in 88%, and gastric ulcer occurred in 2%. The rates of hepatic arterial occlusion (4%) and gastric ulcer (2%) were much decreased in comparison with 25% and 16%, respectively, in the previous cases undergoing percutaneous hepatic catheterization without such arterial redistribution. In conclusion, these procedures are highly effective to prevent complications of hepatic arterial infusion employing percutaneous hepatic catheterization and to allow continuation of arterial infusion chemotherapy for longer periods.
Three viruses producing a cytopathic effect in cell culture were isolated from dead fetuses extracted from a naturally infected sow, and were found to be serologically identical by neutralization tests. One of the viruses was cloned and named the Sakura strain. The Sakura strain was identified as Getah virus by cross-neutralization tests.
The temperature-sensitive (ts), thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) mutant designated ZHtsTK- strain, of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) was isolated from a virulent strain with the treatments using 5-bromodeoxyuridine and arabinosylthymine. The ZHtsTK- strain was easily distinguished from the other virulent ADV strains by plaque size on HmLu-1 and chicken embryo fibroblast cells and by restriction endonuclease analyses using Bam HI, Sal I and Kpn I. The ZHtsTK- strain was avirulent for mice, guinea pigs and rabbits, and produced neutralizing antibodies to ADV in these animals. The rabbits inoculated with the ZHtsTK- strain did not shed detectable amounts of virus after dexamethasone treatment. The ZHtsTK- strain was also avirulent for 5-day-old piglets and did not cause disease. No virus was detected from the piglets inoculated intramuscularly in the nasal swabs or the tissues examined on postinoculation day 9. These findings presented here suggested that there is a significant correlation between pathogenicity and properties such as ts and TK-, and the combination of ts and TK- properties plays a much larger role in reducing virulence for animals.
Pseudorabies virus hemagglutinin was readily adsorbed on mouse erythrocytes at 4, 22, or 37 degrees C, but not on cattle erythrocytes. The adsorbed hemagglutinin could not be eluted from the cells by resuspending in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), by incubating at 37 or 50 degrees C, or by incubating in the presence of neuraminidase. The receptor on mouse erythrocytes for the hemagglutinin was inactivated by trypsin, but not by neuraminidase, sodium deoxycholate (DOC), potassium periodate (KIO4), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and formalin. The hemagglutinin was inactivated by trypsin, alpha-amylase, pepsin, DOC, KIO4, and ethylendiamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), but not by papain, beta-glucosidase, phospholipase C, neuraminidase, DTT, 2-ME, Tween-80, ethylether, chloroform, trichloro-trifluoroethane, beta-propiolactone and formalin, suggesting that the hemagglutinin active component involved glycoproteins. The hemagglutinin was stable at 37 degrees C for lower temperatures but not at 60 degrees C or higher. The hemagglutinin activity was resistant to ultraviolet irradiation, while the infectivity was very susceptible. The hemagglutinin and the infectivity were readily sedimented by ultracentrifugation at 48,000 x g for 3 hr. In rate zonal centrifugation of the preparation on a sucrose density gradient, the hemagglutination (HA) activity showed a sharp peak at 1.22 g/ml coinciding with the peak of infectivity. The HA activity in the peak fraction seemed to be structually associated with virus particles. After fractionation of the virus by Nonidet P-40, the HA activity was found only in the fraction of the envelope material, indicating that the hemagglutinin is situated in the viral envelop.
A clinical trial with the collaboration of 15 department of urology was performed to determine the usefulness of terodiline hydrochloride in 99 patients whose chief complaints were of pollakisuria or incontinence due to neurogenic bladder, psychogenic disease or chronic cystitis. The patients were orally given 24 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The final global improvement rate was 88.5% and the effective rates on subjective symptoms were; 66.2% for diurnal urinary frequency, 68.0% for nocturnal urinary frequency, 68.8% for urinary incontinence and 78.3% for nocturnal enuresis. Even for the cases having mild bladder outlet obstructive disease, the clinical effective rates were good. Mild side effects were observed in 10 patients, which were dry mouth and others. The results obtained from this trial suggest that terodiline hydrochloride may be useful for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence caused by detrusor instability.
Fourteen cases of plantar epidermoid cyst were studied immunohistochemically and five of them were also studied electron microscopically for the presence of human papillomavirus. In eleven cases, the test results were positive for papillomavirus antigens, and in five of them, papillomaviruslike particles were observed by electron microscopy. Histological examination showed most of the cysts to contain intracytoplasmic eosinophilic bodies in cells of the cyst wall as well as the vacuolar structures in the keratinous mass within the cavity. These findings suggest an etiologic association between the papillomavirus and plantar epidermoid cysts. The "cystic papilloma" produced in rabbits by the Shope papillomavirus has been clearly demonstrated. We propose that human papillomaviruses play an important role in the genesis of plantar epidermoid cysts. This is the first report on the possible existence of a cystic papilloma in humans.
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus grown in primary chicken kidney cell cultures was tested for hemagglutination (HA) with erythrocytes of a variety of species at 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, and 37 degrees C. HA was observed at all temperatures with mouse erythrocytes but not with cattle, sheep, goat, swine, rabbit, guinea pig, chicken, and goose erythrocytes. A strain variation between mice in the agglutinability of their erythrocytes necessitated selection of mice to obtain erythrocytes. The HA reaction was inhibited by specific antiserum. Some factors involved in the HA and HA-inhibition (HI) were investigated and standard HA and HI tests were established. HI antibody titers of individual chicken sera had a significant positive correlation with their neutralizing antibody titers.
Slow-reacting, complement-requiring hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody was detected in sera from pigs infected with pseudorabies virus; approximately 16 hemolytic units of complement were necessary for the detection of such antibody. Higher HI antibody titers were obtained when antigen and serum were allowed to incubate before addition of complement than when all three components were incubated at the same time. A HI test was developed in which antigen-serum mixtures were incubated at 4 degrees C for 48 h and then with complement at 37 degrees C for 1 h; this gave an improved sensitivity over the previous incubation without complement.
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A total of 23 cases of human papillomavirus-associated epidermoid cysts, including one presented here, have been reported in Japan. A review of the literature revealed that the appearance of eosinophilic intracellular substances and that of vacuolar substances in the horny layer of cysts characterize these cases. High detection of human papillomavirus, the pathological features in these cases, and the observation of our case from the onset in which verrucous lesions had preceded a cyst may favor the possibility that HPV would directly produce cysts in these cases.