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Biomedical subjects

Y Hosaka

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hosaka.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Schistosoma japonicum egg antigen-specific T cell lines in man. Induction of helper and suppressor T cell lines and clones in vitro in a patient with chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

T cell lines (TCLs) specific for Schistosoma japonicum egg antigen were established from a patient with chronic schistosomiasis japonica to investigate the regulatory mechanism of S.japonicum egg antigen-driven T cell responses in man. All five TCLs tested were CD2+, CD4+, CD8-, and were strongly proliferative only to S. japonicum egg antigen in the absence of exogenous IL-2. All but one TCL produced IL-2-like lymphokines in vitro, indicating their helper T cell functions. One TCL, SjE-3, failed to produce IL-2-like lymphokines. Moreover, this TCL suppressed the specific proliferation of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes to S. japonicum egg antigen. This TCL produced a soluble suppressor factor(s). These functional diversities among established TCLs were also confirmed by cloned T cells. Our observations might suggest that the regulatory system through helper and suppressor T-T interactions somehow involved in T cell responses to the egg antigen in human chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Laboratory and field assessment of molluscicidal activity of B-2 against Oncomelania hupensis, the vector snail of schistosomiasis in China.

Molluscicidal activity of B-2 (sodium 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol; called as Phebrol and registered in WHO as OMS 3012) was evaluated in a laboratory and the field trials were performed in two different localities in Yueyang city, China, for control of Oncomelania hupensis. B-2 was effective against O. hupensis both in the laboratory and in the field. A dosage of 50 g/m2 in 10% granular form or 20 ml/m2 in 25% liquid form of B-2 would be recommendable as a standard mollusciciding dose for control of O. hupensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A case of clivus chordoma showing hemorrhage in the posterior fossa].

We are reporting a rare case of clivus chordoma with fatal hemorrhage in the posterior fossa. A 38-year-old woman afflicted with sudden onset of severe headache and vomiting. On neurological examination, she was mildly lethargic. She had slight dysarthria and nystagmus, but no cranial nerve abnormalities. Craniogram revealed erosive changes in the right petrous bone. CT scan showed a massive intracerebellar hemorrhage and isodense mass in the sphenoid sinus, which were not enhanced by contrast medium. She became comatose and died 3 days later. No operation was performed. Autopsy revealed massive hemorrhage in the posterior fossa and yellowish, gelatinous tumor extending from the right clivus to the sphenoid sinus. Histological examination showed a chordoma. This case demonstrates that the hemorrhage associated with brain tumor, especially in posterior fossa, produces a significant sudden elevation of intracranial pressure and leads clinically to a rapid loss of consciousness and death soon after the onset.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aesthetic camouflage of bilateral cleft lip scars.

Two operative scar lines remain after bilateral cleft lip repair. A method has been devised in which the two scar lines are reduced into one. The characteristics of this method include (1) an inconspicuous scar, (2) elevation of the nasal tip using the prolabium, (3) repair of the whistling deformity, (4) a natural-looking mustache, (5) formation of a pout, and (6) psychological benefits. Good results have been obtained with this method. The disadvantage of this method is the maxillary retardation. However, this does not occur in adults and can be corrected easily in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Wilms tumors: relationship of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy to patient survival.

Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy studies with paraffin-embedded archival tumor specimens were performed by flow cytometry on extracted nuclei from 56 Wilms tumors. Before the era of chemotherapy 9 patients had a 33 per cent survival rate at 5 years. No significant correlation between deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern and survival was seen in this early group of patients. Since 1960, 47 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and received chemotherapy. Deoxyribonucleic acid histograms in this group were normal in 13 tumors, while 23 tumors exhibited a tetraploid pattern (greater than 10 per cent nuclei in the G2 peak) and 11 showed an aneuploid pattern. Survival rates according to deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern showed that 100 per cent of the patients with a normal or aneuploid histogram pattern were alive at 2 and 5 years. Patients with a deoxyribonucleic acid tetraploid pattern had a significantly worse survival of 74 and 69 per cent at 2 and 5 years (p less than 0.02 and less than 0.01), respectively. Tumors with a normal or aneuploid histogram pattern for all stages and a deoxyribonucleic acid tetraploid pattern for pathological stage I or II were associated with a 2 and 5-year survival rate of 100 and 97 per cent, respectively. However, patients with stages III and IV tumors with a deoxyribonucleic acid tetraploid pattern had a significantly worse survival of 25 per cent at 2 and 5 years (p less than 0.0001). Measurement of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy identifies a patient group who are at high risk for treatment failure, that is stages III and IV tumors with a deoxyribonucleic acid tetraploid pattern.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Well differentiated clear cell renal carcinoma: significance of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid patterns studied by flow cytometry.

Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy was determined in 206 samples of well differentiated clear cell renal carcinoma via a previously described technique on paraffin-embedded archival material. Grade 2 tumors had a higher incidence of abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid patterns than grade 1 tumors. Of stage 1 well differentiated clear cell renal tumors 60 per cent had a normal deoxyribonucleic acid histogram pattern, whereas 67 per cent of higher stage tumors had an abnormal pattern. The existence of abnormal nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid histogram patterns in the primary tumor tissue had a significant correlation with subsequent development of metastatic disease, independent of tumor grade and stage. The 10-year actuarial survival rate was 62 per cent for patients with normal deoxyribonucleic acid histograms and 37 per cent for patients with abnormal patterns. These results demonstrate that nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy measured by flow cytometry is an important variable in the classification and determination of prognosis for patients with clear cell renal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Recovery from immunesuppression in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum by treatment of praziquantel.

To learn the possible alteration of immune response, hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) produced in the spleen of Schistosoma japonicum infected mice treated with Praziquantel and untreated group were counted. There was no significant difference in the immunesuppression percentage between the treated and untreated groups 1 and 3 weeks after treatment. In 5 weeks after treatment, however, the immunesuppression percentage in the treated mice was markedly reduced in comparison with that of the untreated group. Recovery from immunesuppression appears to be associated with elimination or impairment of adult worms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

In vitro analysis of T-cell-mediated immunity to intact eggs in murine experimental Schistosoma japonicum infection.

To characterize the mechanisms of induction and regulation of the cell population involved in granuloma formation around eggs of Schistosoma japonicum, we utilized a simple method of in vitro experiments. Lyt1+2-T cells were essential for in vitro responses to the intact S. japonicum eggs, which were assumed to be comparable to in vivo granulomatous responses. T-cell responses seemed to be macrophage-dependent, and responding T cells produced IL-2-like activities in the culture supernatant. Sera taken from chronically infected mice acted as regulatory factors to these T-cell responses as was the case in in vivo granuloma formation. The method used here was simple and highly informative for the studies on pathogenesis of schistosomiasis japonica.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Adrenocortical carcinoma: nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy studied by flow cytometry.

Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy studies with use of paraffin-embedded specimens were performed by flow cytometry on 52 adrenocortical carcinomas. Specimens were prepared by the combined techniques of Hedley and Vindeløv. Clinical course was obtained by chart review and follow-up examination. Nine (17%) tumors had a normal (diploid) DNA pattern, 13 (25%) were DNA tetraploid, and 30 (58%) were DNA aneuploid. The DNA aneuploid group was subdivided: 18 tumors with one stemline and 12 tumors with two stemlines of abnormal DNA cells. For tumors that were resected for cure, the 5-year Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival rates of the five patients with DNA diploid tumors and of the six patients with DNA tetraploid tumors were 80% and 33%, respectively. For 21 patients of whom 12 had one-stemline and nine had two-stemline DNA aneuploid tumors, the survival was 67% and 0%, respectively. Following palliative resection, the 4-year survival rates of the four patients with DNA diploid, seven with DNA tetraploid, five (omitting one with short follow-up) with one-stemline DNA aneuploid, and three with two-stemline DNA aneuploid tumors were 0%, 0%, 0%, and 33%, respectively. Although adrenocortical carcinoma is in general markedly aggressive, the addition of nuclear DNA ploidy studies may help to identify certain groups of patients who have a relatively favorable prognosis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Soft agarose colony formation assay for human renal cell carcinoma: comparison of optical colony counting versus tritiated thymidine incorporation.

Use of the Hamburger-Salmon soft agar assay method for in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing of samples of renal cell carcinoma has been somewhat limited by a relatively low proliferation/evaluability rate for this tumor type (approximately 50%). The tritiated thymidine ([ 3H]-TdR) incorporation assay method of Tanigawa et al. (Cancer Res., 42: 2159, 1982) was compared to a standard optical colony counting assay technique. Fifty-seven different primary and five metastatic fresh samples of human renal cell carcinoma were studied. Evaluability rate by the [3H]-TdR assay was 90% (greater than or equal to 300 cpm control). In comparison, evaluability rate by optical colony counting was 43% for this group of tumors. [3H]-TdR incorporation increased with increasing tumor grade and increasing stage. Spindle cell tumors showed significantly higher cpm than other cell types. Twenty-three primary tumors were evaluable by both [3H]-TdR and colony counting methods. The correlation coefficient ("r") for regression lines for drug sensitivity data points (optical counting vs. [3H]-TdR) of these individual experiments ranged from 0.50 to 0.99 with a mean r +/- S.D. of 0.76 +/- 0.15. For all 260 paired drug response observations of 23 tumors exposed to different drugs, the correlation was very good with r = 0.71. Since the [3H]-TdR assay has an evaluability rate of approximately 90% for renal cell carcinoma, gives drug sensitivity information which correlates well with the colony counting endpoint and yields chemotherapy sensitivity information four days after sample accession, the [3H]-TdR assay may be a more useful method for study of human renal cell carcinoma in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing than standard colony counting techniques.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

In vitro secondary generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice with mumps virus and their mumps-specific cytotoxicity among paramyxoviruses.

Murine cells (L929, MC57G, and P815 mastocytoma) defectively infected with the egg-adapted vaccine strain of mumps virus were found to be susceptible to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis. In vitro secondary, but not in vivo primary, generated CTL caused cytolysis of these targets in an H-2-restricted manner. UV-inactivated-mumps virus-coated murine cells were also found to be susceptible to CTL-mediated lysis. Comparisons of murine CTL-mediated lysis by three paramyxoviruses (mumps, Sendai, and Newcastle disease viruses) indicated that no cross-reactivity occurred. The CTL response with mumps virus exhibited specific unresponsiveness patterns, as influenced by the H-2 K/D regions of the mouse strains, that were partially different from those of Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pheochromocytoma: nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid patterns studied by flow cytometry.

Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy studies with paraffin-embedded archival tumor specimen blocks were performed by flow cytometry on extracted nuclei from 75 pheochromocytomas. Clinical details, specifically including histologic findings, biochemical studies, and ultimate fate, were investigated. Preparation of paraffin-embedded tissue specimens was carried out by the technique of Hedley et al. and stained with propidium iodide according to the method of Vindeløv et al. Twenty-three tumors showed a normal DNA histogram, 31 showed significant increase in the 4C (DNA tetraploid) peak, and 21 exhibited a DNA aneuploid peak. To define a subset of patients who had either died as a result of pheochromocytoma or had been followed for a minimum of 10 years, 13 patients were excluded. Of the remaining 62 patients, all of the 18 patients with a normal DNA histogram followed a benign clinical course, including normal fractionated urinary catecholamines. However, eight (31%) of the 26 patients classified DNA tetraploid/polyploid and seven (39%) of the 18 patients exhibiting a DNA aneuploid peak had evidence of malignancy; these two groups had significantly more malignant tumors (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively) than the normal DNA group. Flow cytometric DNA ploidy measurements of isolated nuclei seem to provide useful prognostic information for patients with pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Cell-mediated lysis of heat-inactivated influenza virus-coated murine targets.

The involvement of inoculated virus antigens in the induction of target susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis was investigated using heat-inactivated influenza virus, PR8 strain, and various inhibitors in comparison to the cases for live or ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated influenza and Sendai viruses. Induction of target susceptibility with heated PR8 was not inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D as in the case of u.v.-irradiated Sendai virus, whereas live virus and u.v.-irradiated PR8 were inhibited under conditions which suppress protein synthesis. Induction of target susceptibility with the live and inactivated PR8 tested was suppressed in the presence of chloroquine, contrary to the case of Sendai virus, and was dependent on the cleavage type of influenza virus haemagglutinin. These findings suggest that the viral target antigens recognized by CTL in heated PR8-coated targets came from inoculated virus proteins, whereas those in PR8-infected or u.v.-irradiated PR8-coated targets involved newly synthesized viral proteins. The former viral target antigens seem to be transferred or processed from the endosome, depending on low pH fusion in the endosomes into which they were engulfed. In this point, the induction of viral target antigens with heated PR8 was different from that induced by u.v.-inactivated Sendai virus. Targets made with heated PR8 were recognized by cross-reactive CTL over the HA subtype.

Animals↗