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Y Homsy

Publications and source records attributed to Y Homsy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Importance of the testicular artery: histo-functional approach and comparison between juvenile and adult rats].

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of spermatic or testicular artery with regard to fertility. 100 male rats Sprague-Dawley, consisted of 50 young rats (aged from 10 to 12 days old) and 50 adult rats were concerned. Unilateral ligation of the testicular artery with delayed controlateral orchiectomy were performed in 20 young rats. Only unilateral orchiectomy was planned in 20 other young rats and the 10 remaining were the absolute control group. Mating was observed for 2 weeks after 14 weeks of life. In adult rats, 20 underwent a bilateral ligation and division of the spermatic artery while 20 others were submitted to unilateral ligation-division associated with controlateral orchiectomy in 20 others. The 10 remaining represented the control group. The mating period was 3 weeks. After sacrificing animals, results were noted with regard to histological features and fertility. Among young rats, 45% were fertile and had normal gonadal tissue. From adult rats, only 10 to 15% were fertile. Atrophic testes were observed in 55% of infertile young rats while acute inflammatory lesions were predominant in most of adults. We conclude that ligation or division of spermatic artery is responsible for histological changes thus occurring in infertility in young and adults rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Functional constipation in children.

PURPOSE: Constipation in children increases the likelihood of urinary incontinence, bladder overactivity, dyscoordinated voiding, a large capacity, poorly emptying bladder, recurrent urinary tract infection and deterioration of vesicoureteral reflux. We present a consensus related to the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of children with bowel dysfunction coexisting with a known disorder of urinary continence or voiding coordination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A panel of international multidisciplinary clinicians working on pediatric continence care was invited to participate in the First International Children's Continence Society Bowel Dysfunction Workshop. The seminar sought to address the interrelationship of bowel dysfunction with disorders of urinary continence or voiding mechanics. RESULTS: Constipation is an end point defined by a constellation of symptoms, including infrequent passage of stool, difficulty passing stool, feces that are either large and hard or in small pieces, abdominal pain, palpable stool in the abdomen, stool in the rectal vault, loading on x-ray or fecal soiling. Assessment was done to identify potential organic causes of constipation, clarify symptoms, and identify altered motor behavior and abdomino/pelvic floor muscle incoordination. Whether the underlying problem was one of stool consistency, poor cognition, motivation or fear on the part of the child, or whether it related to gut motility, rectal sensation, stool retention or disordered emptying mechanics, the definitive therapy begins with rectal emptying of impacted stool followed by maintenance of regular soft stools to eliminate fear of pain with defecation. CONCLUSIONS: Constipation is a challenge to the clinician but with comprehensive assessment and systematic intervention children can achieve independent bowel emptying, which positively impacts bladder function.

Child↗
PubMed2001

In-utero treatment of fetal bladder-outlet obstruction by a ureterocele.

Fetal bladder-outlet obstruction by ureteroceles is usually treated at birth. However, such obstruction may be detrimental to the health of the fetus and so in-utero correction is preferable. We describe the successful cytoscopy guided laser incision, with no complications, of a uterocele that was causing bladder-outlet obstruction in a fetus of 19 weeks and 6 days gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Antenatal detection and management of suprarenal masses.

The indications for, and timing of, surgical intervention for suprarenal masses detected prenatally are unclear. Also, the definitive diagnosis of suprarenal masses using imaging studies is difficult at best. We report 2 cases of antenatally detected suprarenal masses. One case represents an initial cystic mass expanding and becoming solid that had benign pathologic features. The second case was a stable solid mass that, on exploration, was malignant. Management options are discussed.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Phallic construction in a 65-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite.

The authors constructed a functional, sensate phallus for a 65-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite. Although their technique is employed frequently for gender reassignment and posttraumatic reconstruction, the opportunity to perform this procedure to aid an adult patient with ambiguous genitalia is unusual. Of course, having such a patient present for treatment in his seventh decade of life is also unique. After careful consideration of his history, previous failure of medical therapy, and overall excellent medical condition the authors determined that age alone should not be an impediment to phallic construction for this patient. Their decision not to construct a penile urethra, and therefore avoid potential urethral complications, helped to ensure an uneventful postoperative course. Their success in this case has clearly broadened the range of patients that can benefit from phallic construction.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Primary vesicoureteral reflux: review of current concepts.

The well-known association between vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infection is the basis for pathophysiological and therapeutic implications which have dominated the literature on the subject for the last 2 decades. We critically review the following issues: (1) does urinary tract infection cause reflux? (2) does reflux predispose to infection? (3) does reflux predispose to pyelonephritis? (4) does reflux predispose to a renal parenchymal scar? (5) does long-term urinary antibiotic prophylaxis prevent renal damage in patients with reflux? We conclude that none of the reviewed issues have been rigorously proven or validated and that the role of vesicoureteral reflux in urinary tract infections needs to be redefined through well-designed, multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled studies using state of the art renal imaging techniques.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1997

The failed anti-incontinence mechanism: a flap valve or cecal wrap for surgical reconstruction.

PURPOSE: On a long-term basis patients with continent urinary diversions may have an acceptable number of complications, such as urinary incontinence. We report on a new surgical technique for treatment of the incompetent anti-incontinence segment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients presented with a large capacity, low pressure reservoir and an incompetent anti-incontinence mechanism. The original anti-incontinence mechanism consisted of an intussuscepted reimplanted appendix (Mitrofanoff) in 2 patients, tapered ileum and reinforced ileocecal valve in 3, and tapered and reimplanted ileal segment in 2. Surgical reconstruction involved 2 stages: stage 1 - lengthening and tubularizing the cecum with the anti-incontinence segment and stage 2 - creation of the flap valve mechanism. Stage 2 required intraoperative modification when abundant peri-reservoir fibrosis, a thin-walled reservoir (cecal wrap) or an excessive thickened mesentery was encountered. RESULTS: After a mean followup of 7 months 6 of 7 patients performed catheterization every 4 hours and were continent. Several patients required a concomitant procedure with the incontinence revision. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a 2-stage technique for correction of a variety of untoward anatomical conditions related to a failed anti-incontinence segment with continent urinary reservoirs. Concomitant repair of other coexisting structural abnormalities related to the continent reservoir may also be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux using teflon injections].

We have reviewed 124 patients with vesicoureteral reflux who were treated by endoscopic injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) in four institutions. Of these patients 71 had bilateral reflux and 53 had unilateral reflux. In all, 195 ureters were treated. Reflux was primary in 94 cases (143 ureters) and secondary in 30 cases (52 ureters). Only 118 ureters (60.5%) showed no more reflux after a single injection. Seventy-seven ureters needed a second or third Teflon injection to control their reflux. In this group, reflux was cured in 46 ureters (23.6%) for a total cure rate by Teflon injection of 84.1%. Thirty-one ureters (15.9%) needed reimplantation (follow-up ranged from 1-4 years). In this study we assessed results in relation to the grade and type of reflux, the injected dose of Teflon and the technique used. The possible causes of failure and the reported complications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Maturation of the external urinary sphincter: a comparative histotopographic study in humans.

The developmental anatomy of the striated urinary sphincter remains controversial and is scantly documented in children. We compared its structure and configuration in the fetus, infant and adult to determine anatomical differences among these groups. We removed 25 postmortem specimens from fetuses, infants and children, which were fixed and stained for histological study. Ages ranged from 14 weeks of gestation to 12 years postpartum. Transverse and mid sagittal sections were obtained from the bladder neck to the membranous urethra in male and the whole urethra in female subjects. At the level of the membranous urethra in male and mid urethra in female subjects the striated muscle fibers completely encircle the urethra and join behind it to form a tail-like structure that runs posteriorly towards the perineal body. This structure is mid sagittal in male and mediolateral in female subjects. At 3 to 4 months of life, at the level of the bulbourethral glands the tail disappears; the striated sphincter becomes horseshoe-shaped and its 2 branches bifurcate posteriorly to envelop these glands. The urethral striated sphincter consists of scantly dispersed muscle fibers in the fetus. In young infants it becomes well defined in both sexes with the presence of a tail-like structure that characterizes this age group. In older subjects this tail disappears and the sphincter assumes a horseshoe or omega-shaped configuration as splitting of the sphincter progresses caudo-cranially with development. We attempt to determine whether the ring configuration of the voluntary sphincter contributes to high voiding pressures that are reported to occur in some newborns and infants.

Child↗
PubMed1993

The abdominoscrotal hydrocele.

While hydrocele is among the commonest inguinal anomalies in children, less than 20 cases have been reported of its extreme form, the abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH). This anomaly consists of a large inguinoscrotal hydrocele which communicates in an hour-glass fashion with a large "intra-abdominal" component. The latter lies deep to the narrow internal inguinal ring, but superficial to the peritoneal cavity proper, which is displaced superiorly and medially. The abdominal component of the ASH thus lies latero- and retroperitoneally, sometimes reaching the lower pole of the kidney. We report five ASH in four children under one year old. All four underwent complete resection of the ASH. If the abdominal portion of the hydrocele can not be delivered through a standard approach, we advocate a properitoneal approach as described for recurrent adult hernias. The external oblique, internal oblique and transversalis muscles are divided horizontally above the level of the internal inguinal ring. The peritoneal cavity is retracted superiorly, separating it from the ASH. By decompressing the scrotal component of the ASH, its abdominal part can be emptied through the narrow communication at the internal ring. In this fashion, the processus vaginalis can be identified and ligated deep to internal ring, and the floor of the inguinal canal is left intact. The pathophysiology of ASH is not clear. A one-way valve effect of the patent processus vaginalis may be one cause of the massive accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the ASH. Complete resection is curative, and the properitoneal approach should be considered.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

"No stent, no diversion" Mathieu hypospadias repair.

The Mathieu procedure is a surgical technique for anterior hypospadias repair. The disadvantage of this technique is the prolonged hospital stay associated with postoperative urinary diversion. In an effort to reduce the length of hospital stay the authors carried out a prospective study to determine the usefulness of urethral stents and urinary diversion after Mathieu repair. Seventeen boys (mean age 4.1 years) formed the experimental group, and 19 boys (mean age 4.6 years) served as controls. Urinary diversion and urethral stents were used postoperatively in the control group but not in the experimental group. After a minimum of 6 months of observation the complications noted in both groups were found to be similar. The authors conclude that urinary diversion and urethral stents have no beneficial effects on surgical outcome but do prolong hospital stay.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Congenital urethral fistula with normal anus: a report of two cases.

Congenital rectourethral or anourethral fistulae without imperforate anus in males are rare, representing less than 1% of anorectal malformations. We report our experience with two males with "N type" urethral fistulae. One, a 5-year-old boy, presented with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and passage of urine per anus. Investigations included a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), which demonstrated a fistula from the urethra to the anus. On physical examination, a small perianal opening was noted just outside the anus, which drained a small amount of urine after voiding. The fistula was excised via a perineal approach. The second patient is a 5-year-old boy with a long history of recurrent UTI requiring multiple hospitalizations since the newborn period. Chronic renal failure developed as a complication of repeated urinary tract infections. Investigations showed a single hydronephrotic pelvic kidney and a small bladder. He underwent numerous diagnostic and reconstructive procedures including cystoscopy and augmentation cystoplasty. Recurrent infections continued and an N type anourethral fistula was eventually diagnosed. The fistula was located between the anal canal and the membranous urethra. An anterior perineal approach was also used. Both fistulae were easily located, and reconstructive surgery of the urethra was not required. Postoperative VCUGs in both patients were normal. They have been free of infection with normal urinary continence since resection of the fistula. Congenital N type anourethral fistulae are rare, but should be considered in cases of recurrent urinary tract infections. The diagnosis may be missed by endoscopic procedures, but VCUG should demonstrate the fistulous tract.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[The role of therapeutic laparoscopy in the surgical treatment of intra-abdominal testes in children].

Over a period of four years (September 1986 to September 1990), 32 impalpable testes were found in 24 cryptorchid boys at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal. 11 (34%) of the impalpable testes were intra-abdominal. Of these, 5 testes were hypoplastic and were removed, 3 by a traditional inguinal transperitoneal orchiectomy and 2 by laparoscopy; 2 testicles were brought down by classic orchiopexy whereas two others underwent a Fowler-Stephens procedure. One of these underwent preliminary laparoscopic clipping of the spermatic vessels followed six months later by open surgery to bring the testis down on the vas and deferential artery and its well-developed collateral circulation. One patient underwent a two-stage open orchiopexy and another had unilateral testicular autotransplantation. The literature is reviewed and surgical indications for therapeutic laparoscopy are discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Urinary tract dilatation in utero: classification and clinical applications.

A morphologic classification of in utero urinary tract dilatation is presented. Ninety-two hydronephrotic fetal kidneys diagnosed with ultrasound were graded according to the proposed classification. The findings suggest that grade I dilatation (anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis less than 10 mm) should be considered normal. Grades II and III constitute an intermediate hydronephrosis, requiring postnatal urologic surgery in nearly half the cases. Grade IV (moderate dilatation of the calyces, with easily identified residual renal cortex) and grade V (severe dilatation of the calyces with atrophic cortex) are clearly pathologic and require neonatal corrective surgery. It is hoped that use of this simple and practical classification will facilitate communication and comparison of results in the literature.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1986

Ureteropelvic junction stenosis: antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis, postnatal investigation, and follow-up.

Between January 1981 and October 1984, the diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis was suspected in 39 fetuses after routine obstetrical ultrasound (US) examination. Postnatal investigation revealed that the initial diagnosis had been accurate in 30 cases (77%). There were 35 UPJ stenoses in 30 patients. The degree of dilatation of the renal pelvis (grades III, IV, or V) observed postnatally with sonography as well as the obstructive excretory pattern noted by renal isotope scanning were used as criteria to determine the need for early postnatal pyeloplasty (performed in 25 patients), which relieved the obstruction and, in the majority of patients, improved renal structure and function.

Diuresis↗