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Biomedical subjects

Y Hishikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hishikawa.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Esophageal ulceration induced by intracavitary irradiation for esophageal carcinoma.

Twenty-two patients with esophageal carcinoma had no local recurrence after external and intracavitary radiation treatment, but all developed ulcers in the field of intracavitary irradiation. Ten were linear ulcers that appeared 3-12 months after radiation treatment (mean, 5.3 months); the other 12 were the long circumferential type and appeared 1-8 months after irradiation (mean, 3.7 months). Esophagobronchial fistulae developed in two cases in which deep ulcer had been found between the completion of external irradiation and the beginning of intracavitary irradiation. In these cases with deep ulcer, intracavitary irradiation should not be done. For patients receiving intracavitary radiation, the total dosage should be less than 20 Gy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Central nervous system irradiation for children with leukemia].

Between 1972 and 1981, 247 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with prophylactic CNS irradiation. Cranial irradiation (2400 rad) plus intrathecal methotrexate was the prophylactic CNS therapy of choice. At 5 years, the overall, relapse-free and CNS relapse-free survival rates were 51%, 47% and 79%, respectively. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inferior border of the radiation field, since the anterior and middle cranial fossae were sometimes not included and the second spine was almost always excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of cisplatin in esophageal cancer with hepatic metastasis].

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(CDDP) was given to a patient with esophageal carcinoma who developed liver metastasis after radiotherapy, and partial response was obtained. Nephrotoxicity was observed when the total dose of CDDP reached to 300 mg. CDDP seems to be effective in the treatment of patient with distant metastasis during or after radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Prophylactic central nervous system irradiation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

Documentation on 324 children with leukemia who underwent cranial irradiation between 1972 and 1981 was collected from 15 participating hospitals in the Kansai Cancer therapy Group. Among 182 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, records on 90 children treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (2,400 rads) plus intrathecal methotrexate in 12 hospitals were available for analysis. There was no significant difference in survival between the two prognostic groups based on age and initial WBC count at diagnosis, i.e., overall, relapse-free and CNS relapse-free 5-year survivals in the good and intermediate prognostic groups were 57% vs. 51%, 55%, vs. 49%, and 83% vs. 95%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Life effects of narcolepsy: relationships to geographic origin (North American, Asian or European) and to other patient and illness variables.

A recent questionnaire survey of the life-effects of narcolepsy in 180 patients, 60 each from North American, Asian and European populations, compared to similarly distributed age and sex matched controls, documented multiple and marked effects on work, education, driving, accidents, recreation, personality, memory and other parameters. The data have now been further analysed according to the patients' geographic (culturo-genetic) origin and to a number of other patient and illness variables. The three different geographic populations showed few significant differences for the some 160 life-effects items in the questionnaire. This strongly indicates that these are an integral part of the disease or of the human reactions to it. Most of the few significant population differences appeared cultural in origin (e.g., concerning driving records, personality changes), although a few may possibly reflect genetic differences (e.g., visual problems). Analysis of the pooled data according to respondees' age, sex, age at illness onset, duration of illness and treatment led again to relatively few significant findings. It is concluded that, in general, once the disease has been diagnosed, all the major life effects are present and remain so. The results strongly support the contention that most life-effects are not related to the diagnostic 'tetrad' symptoms themselves but rather to excessive daytime sleepiness, the symptoms most resistant to ant-narcoleptic treatment.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Positive occipital sharp transients in the human sleep EEG.

The characteristics of positive occipital sharp transients (POSTs) in the human sleep EEG were studied, and their characteristics were compared with those of lambda waves appearing in the occipital EEG during the waking state. The following findings were obtained: 1) POSTs were observed in 57% of 189 subjects examined during sleep. The incidence of the subjects showing POSTs was highest in the group of subjects aged 21-30 years. 2) The incidence of the subjects showing POSTs tended to be high among the subjects with a high alpha wave index. 3) The wave form and topography of POSTs had striking similarities to those of lambda waves. 4) The frequency of POSTs was highest during the initial 30 minutes' period of NREM sleep after the sleep onset in both nocturnal and diurnal sleep. 5) The frequency and amplitude of POSTs were not modified by changing the background illumination in the recording room. 6) No significant relation was found between the frequency of POSTs and dream experience during NREM sleep.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Radiation therapy of carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts was treated in 25 patients by radiation therapy between 1974 and 1981. Seventeen patients were men and eight were women, and the average age was 59.2 years. Cobalt-60 beam or 10 MV x ray was used for radiation therapy, with the total dose ranging from 10 Gy to 60 Gy. Twenty-one patients received 40 Gy or more. Twenty-two patients underwent surgical procedures such as percutaneous transhepatic drainage or T-tube drainage before radiation therapy. Total bilirubin level decreased after radiation therapy in 21 patients. Side effects included loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, general fatigue, and duodenal ulcer. The mean survival of all patients was 9.2 months after completion of radiation therapy. The longest survival has been for 6.5 years, and the patient is alive and well as of this writing. Radiation therapy proved effective in treatment of carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts in terms of palliation and prognosis.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Major depressive episode and low dose dexamethasone suppression test.

The authors studied the validity of a low dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in identifying depression. Nine patients who met the criteria of major depressive episode (MDE) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, another nine psychiatric patients and one normal subject underwent the DST. At least one of the two blood samples obtained either at 8 a.m. or at 2 p.m. from each of the nine patients with MDE showed a cortisol concentration of over 5.0 micrograms/dl, while the cortisol concentration in the other 10 subjects was uniformly suppressed under this level. All the patients with MDE could be identified by nonsuppression of the cortisol secretion at 8 a.m. or at 2 p.m. An "early escape" phenomenon in depressed patients reported by Carroll et al. (1976) was absent in a 0.5 mg DST, and the blood samples at 8 p.m. were less useful for identifying the depressive patient. The reason why the one point sampling method used by previous investigators was insufficient to identify the depressed patient was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Life effects of narcolepsy in 180 patients from North America, Asia and Europe compared to matched controls.

A questionnaire survey has been made of the life effects of narcolepsy in 180 patients, 60 each from North American, Asian and European populations, with 180 similarly distributed age and sex matched controls. Life-effects were attributed by the patients to the primary symptoms of excessive daytime drowsiness, sleep attacks, cataplexy, vivid hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis, and also to other frequent symptoms such as visual problems (blurring, diplopia) and memory impairment. Occupational problems were prevalent (over 75%) and included statistically significant deleterious effects upon performance, promotion, earning capacity, fear of or actual job loss and increased disability insurance. Driving was greatly affected and patients fell asleep at the wheel more frequently (66%), had near or actual accidents from drowsiness or falling asleep at the wheel (67%), and could experience cataplexy (29%) or sleep paralysis (12%) while driving. Work or home accidents attributed to sleepiness or sleep (49%) or related to smoking (49%) were much more common in patients. There were also deleterious effects on education, recreation and personality related to disease. Narcolepsy can produce a variety of life-effects probably more serious and pervasive than, for instance, those of epilepsy, therefore emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Accidents↗
PubMed1980

Therapeutic effects of tracheostomy in two cases of hypersomnia with respiratory disturbance during sleep.

Recently the association of hypersomnia and respiratory insufficiency without lesion in the respiratory organ has attracted attention of many investigators. Obese patients with such a condition have been called the Pickwickian syndrome. In this report, two non-obese patients with a similar condition were presented, one with micrognathia and frequent apneic episodes during sleep, and the other with laryngeal stenosis due to paralysis of the bilateral laryngeal nerves and chronic laryngitis. Tracheostomy had a prompt and long-lasting therapeutic effect to make their sleep stable and also to relieve their excessive daytime sleepiness. These findings suggest that the obstruction or stenosis of the upper airway during sleep disturbed their nocturnal sleep, and that their excessive daytime sleepiness was a phenomenon compensating for their disturbed nocturnal sleep.

Adult↗