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Biomedical subjects

Y Hishikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hishikawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Appropriate use of benzodiazepines in insomnia: clinical update.

Insomnia and anxiety are frequently experienced not only by healthy persons, but in their more intense expressions, by patients suffering from a variety of medical and psychiatric disorders. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (1990) lists 88 types of sleep disorders. Thirty-three of these are related to insomnia and belong to the categories of intrinsic sleep disorders, extrinsic sleep disorders, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, and sleep disorders associated with medical or psychiatric disorders. Benzodiazepines are frequently used for the treatment of insomnia. For optimal treatment of insomnia, exact diagnosis, correct understanding of the biology, and appropriate use of the drugs are essential.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1990

Vitamin B12 treatment for sleep-wake rhythm disorders.

Vitamin B12 (VB12) was administered to two patients suffering for many years from different sleep-wake rhythm disorders. One patient was a 15-year-old blind girl suffering from a free-running sleep-wake rhythm (hypernychthemeral syndrome) with a period of about 25 h. In spite of repeated trials to entrain her sleep-wake cycle to the environmental 24-h rhythm, her free-running rhythm persisted for about 13 years. When she was 14 years old, administration of VB12 per os was started at the daily dose of 1.5 mg t.i.d. Shortly thereafter, her sleep-wake rhythm was entrained to the environmental 24-h rhythm, and her 24-h sleep-wake rhythm was maintained while she was on the medication. Within 2 months of the withholding of VB12, her free-running sleep-wake rhythm reappeared. The VB12 level in the serum was within the normal range both before and after treatment. The other patient was a 55-year-old man suffering from delayed sleep phase syndrome since 18 years of age. After administration of VB12 at the daily doses of 1.5 mg, his sleep-wake rhythm disorder was improved. The good therapeutic effect lasted for more than 6 months while he was on the medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Tolerance dosage of normal tissues by radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the group of patients].

Normal tissues have sigmoid dose-response relationships. These relationships are reliably detectable in some clinical and many experimental situations through the aspect of radiobiology. By the way, when the group of patients are treated by radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, the tolerance dosage of normal tissues in the group is not explained by biological aspect alone. Human tolerance which means the will of patient for the tolerance to the treatment, is the new concept. The compliance to take medicine is the second important problem, when the tolerance dosage of normal tissues in the group of patients treated with combined therapy are discussed. When these new concepts to the normal tolerance dosage, which are human tolerance and compliance, will be scored in the future, these factors will be discussed again about their importance.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Effects of stimulating the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat on neuronal activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.

The effect of stimulating the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) on the activity of single relay neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) was studied in rats anesthetized with urethane. The position of stimulating electrodes was confirmed on histological sections processed with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry which could delineate the DRN clearly. During repetitive stimulation of the DRN at 200 Hz for several to 10 seconds no consistent change in firing was observed, but between several and several tens of seconds after the cessation of stimulation spontaneous firing of LGNd neurons was suppressed. In many cases the suppression proceeded concomitantly with augmentation of slow waves in the cortical EEG. The suppression was mimicked by ionophoresis of serotonin, and antagonized by a serotonergic antagonist, methysergide. In addition, in animals in which DRN stimulation became ineffective after it was evoked many times, the suppression could be restored by intraperitoneal administration of a serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan. Compilation of peristimulus time histograms revealed that a brief DRN stimulation (5 shocks at 1000 Hz) could also elicit the suppression lasting from 60 to 100 ms or longer after the shocks. These results suggest that serotonin released from terminals of DRN neurons exerts long-latency and long-lasting inhibition of LGNd relay neurons. Along with brainstem noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, the serotonergic projection from the DRN acts to control excitation levels of the forebrain.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1989

A case of anorexia nervosa associated with epileptic seizures showing favorable responses to sodium valproate and clonazepam.

We reported the case of a 13-year-old anorectic girl with epileptic seizures who showed marked favorable responses to sodium valproate and clonazepam. These two anticonvulsants were effective not only for controlling her epileptic seizures, but also against anorexia nervosa itself. The mechanism of their action to anorexia nervosa is unknown, but repeated EEGs and a trial of sodium valproate with or without clonazepam may be useful in evaluating the diverse pathologies of anorexia nervosa which seems to be a heterogeneous clinical entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Small, superficial esophageal carcinoma treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation only.

Six patients with small, superficial carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with 18-24 Gy of high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation only. All patients were examined with an endoscope within 1 month after therapy, and the tumor in all six had disappeared. However, erosion induced by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation was seen in five of the patients. Five of the patients have experienced no local recurrence; endoscopic biopsy showed local recurrence in the remaining patient 7 months after radiation therapy. All patients have survived 6-16 months. Esophageal ulceration induced by intracavitary irradiation occurred in three of the six patients; however, the ulcers have been healing with conservative treatment. This new method of using only high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation appears to be effective in the patient with small, superficial esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Phasic EEG activities associated with rapid eye movements during REM sleep in man.

Human cortical potentials associated with rapid eye movements (REMs) during REM sleep were recorded in 6 normal young adults by using the averaging technique. The potentials were compared with those recorded during voluntary saccades in the waking state in a dark or an illuminated room. A positive potential of relatively long duration with peak latency of about 200 msec and a wide spread bilateral distribution and of highest amplitude in the mid-parietal area appeared only during REM sleep. It is suggested that this positive potential is phasic EEG activity appearing in association with REMs during REM sleep in man. Comparison of this positive potential with P300s induced by task-irrelevant visual stimuli disclosed that they resemble each other. The possibility was discussed that this positive potential occurring in association with REMs during REM sleep is indeed a P300 appearing in response to visual images in dream.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

External beam radiotherapy alone or combined with high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation in the treatment of cancer of the esophagus: autopsy findings in 35 cases.

Autopsy findings of 35 patients, treated with radiotherapy for an esophageal carcinoma, were reviewed. A residual tumor was seen at autopsy in 7 of 16 patients treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation following external irradiation, in 13 of 14 patients treated with external irradiation of 50 Gy or more, and in all 5 patients treated with external irradiation of less than 50 Gy. Incidence on lymph node metastasis, at autopsy, did not differ between the combined radiotherapy group and the external irradiation groups. However, it correlated with disease stage. It was observed in 11 of 17 patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 disease, compared to 17 of 18 patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 disease. Distant organ metastasis, at autopsy, also did not differ between the combined radiotherapy group and the external irradiation groups, and was also correlated with disease stage. It was found in 8 of 17 patients of the patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 disease, compared to all 18 patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 disease. Mean (average) survival was different between the patients treated by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation following external irradiation and those treated by external irradiation alone; 11.3 months in the 16 patients treated with combined therapy, as compared to 6.9 months in the 14 patients who received external irradiation of 50 Gy or more, and 3.6 months in the 5 patients who received external irradiation of less than 50 Gy.

Aged↗