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Biomedical subjects

Y Hara

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hara.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Lower brainstem.

Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin (L-Enk) neuron system in the lower brainstem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. L-Enk-containing cells first appear in the primordium of the medullary reticular formation just medial to the n. tractus spinalis nerve trigemini at the level of the the rostral half of the inferior olivary nucleus, in the n. cuneiformis, and in the mesencephalic reticular formation of the fetus at gestational day 16 (14-15-mm embryos). From that time onward, L-Enk-containing cells appear in various areas of the lower brainstem one after another until birth. After birth, although L-Enk-containing cells decrease slightly in number as the rats grow, L-Enk-containing fibers continue to increase in number.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of somatostatin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. II. Forebrain and diencephalon.

The ontogeny of the somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system in the forebrain and diencephalon the rat was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. SRIF-positive cells first appear in the primordium of the hypothalamus surrounding the fasciculus mammillothalamicus of the fetus at gestational day 14 (10-12-mm embryo). At gestational days 16-17 (14-17-mm embryo, SRIF-positive cells appear in the developing piriform cortex and entopeduncular nucleus. The fetus at gestational days 18-19 (17-26-mm embryos) showed a remarkable increase in the number of SRIF-positive cells and numerous groups of such cells are detectable in various forebrain and diencephalic areas such as the hypothalamic periventricular zone, zona incerta, area lateral to the commissura posterior (ACP), area between the optic tract and capsula interna, pars retrolenticularis (AOR), n. caudatus putamen, hippocampus, somatic sensory cortex, and n. accumbens, etc. At gestational day 20, SRIF-positive cells newly appear in the septum, olfactory bulb, diagonal band of Broca, claustrum, lateral preoptic area, and lateral habenular nucleus. The majority of SRIF-positive structures found in the forebrain and diencephalon increase in number during the perinatal stage (between gestational day 21 and postnatal day 2) and more or less maintain their immunoreactivity even in adult rats. However, SRIF-positive cells located in the AOR, ACP, and lateral septal area, etc., begin to decrease in number during the perinatal stage and no or only a few SRIF-containing cells are identified in these areas of infant and adult rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of somatostatin-containing neuron system of the rat cerebellum including its fiber connections: an experimental and immunohistochemical analysis.

Ontogeny of somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system of the rat cerebellum was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. In addition, several operations were performed to provide the evidence of understanding the cerebellar SRIF innervation. SRIF-positive structures appeared in the primordium of the cerebellum of the fetus at gestational day 16 (14-15 mm embryos). From that time on, SRIF-positive structures identified in the cerebellum increased in number and the greatest number of SRIF-positive structures were detected in the cerebellum of the rat between newborn and 7-day-olds. Afterwards, these structures decreased remarkably in number and only a few if any SRIF-positive structures were observed in the cerebellum of the adult rats. These facts might suggest that SRIF might perform some important roles in the development of the cerebellum. The present study further elucidated that cerebellar SRIF was supplied by at least two types of sources; one was situated within the cerebellum and the other in the extracerebellar regions. The former one innervates mainly the vermis and partly the hemisphere, while the latter one projects mainly to the hemisphere and partly to the vermis.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Pathways and terminal fields of the cochlearofugal somatostatin tracts of very young rats.

The cochlearofugal somatostatin (SRIF) neuron system of very young rats (between newborn and 1 week old) was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons. Cochlear nuclei (both dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei) of this stage contain numerous SRIF-positive cells which are scarcely found in adult rats. Based upon the experimental findings obtained by this study, the majority of SRIF-positive fibers originating from these nuclei reach the contralateral inferior colliculus via well-established cochlearo-inferior collicular tracts such as dorsal acoustic striae, intermediate acoustic striae and trapezoid body, respectively. The possible significance of SRIF in the development of the auditory system is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Experimental and immunohistochemical studies on the cerebellar substance P of the rat: localization, postnatal ontogeny and ways of entry to the cerebellum.

With the indirect immunofluorescence technique, the localization (including the postnatal ontogeny) of substance P in the cerebellum, and the ways of entry of substance P-containing fibers into the cerebellum were explored. In the newborn rat cerebellum, dense fiber bands of axons with substance P-like immunoreactivity which can be traced to the lower brain stem are found. These fibers are also traceable to the developing granular cell layer. Two weeks after birth, however, substance P-containing structures seen in the cerebellum begin to decrease progressively and in the cerebellum of the adult rats, only a small amount of substance P-containing structures is observed. The present study established that substance P-containing fibers are mostly derived from extracerebellar substance P-containing cells and demonstrated the presence of three sites of entry of these substance P-containing fibers to the cerebellum, via (1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle, (2) the fasciculus uncinatus and (3) the middle cerebellar peduncle, respectively. Following deafferentation of the cerebellum, substance P-accumulating fibers are observed only ventral to the lesion (i.e. on the brain stem side), while in the cerebellum a remarkable decrease of substance P-containing fibers is seen and no substance P-accumulating fibers are found dorsal to the lesion (cerebellar side).

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of substance P-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis--II. Lower brain stem.

Ontogeny of the substance P neuron system in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Substance P-positive structures (cells and fibers) first appeared in the primordium of the ventral part of the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini (nVs), in the reticular formation between nucleus reticularis lateralis and nVs, and in the reticular formation between nVs and nucleus originis nervi facialis, respectively, at gestational day 14. After that time, substance P-positive structures made their appearance gradually in various areas of the lower brain stem. The present study demonstrates that substance P-positive structures appear at a very early ontogenetical stage, which suggests that substance P may play a role in the development of the lower brain stem in addition to its role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Possible inactivation of part of chromosome 13 due to 13qXp translocation associated with retinoblastoma.

Chromosome examination of a female patient with 13/X translocation associated with retinoblastoma was carried out using peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. The constitutional karyotype was 46,X,t(13;X) (q12;p22). Q-banding analysis showed that the translocated chromosomes were of paternal origin. Studies on DNA replication pattern with Giemsa banding using the bromodeoxyuridine substitution technique revealed that the derivative X chromosome was late replicating, and the translocated chromosome 13 was affected by the spreading of lyonization. Such a functional monosomy of 13q14 may also be involved in retinal blasts, and be related to the development of retinoblastoma.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1982

Overall distribution of glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the chicken retina: an immunohistochemical study with flat-mounts.

Pancreatic glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in the chicken retina was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with frozen sections and flat-mounts. Observations of the frozen sections showed that GLI is localized in the amacrine cells. Flat-mounts showed the GLI cells are evenly localized in the retina (n= or approximately 400/mm2) and composed to two types of cells--one is larger and the other is small. The former cell type occupies mainly the peripheral retinal region and the latter the central region. In addition, flat-mounts showed two types of GLI fiber plexuses in the inner plexiform layer; one is located in the area between laminae 2 and 3 and runs circularly and the other is located in lamina 1 and runs randomly. The relationship between GLI and cyclic AMP was also examined. an increase of the formation of cyclic AMP was caused by pancreatic glucagon in the chicken retina, suggesting that this peptide might have neurotransmitter or neuromodulator roles in the chicken retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical study of preoperative chemotherapy of primary breast cancer. 1. Efficacy of a combined use of CPA (endoxan) and FT-207 (or 5-FU dry syrup)].

In twenty-nine cases of primary breast cancer preoperative treatment using CPA and FT-207 (or 5-FUDS) was performed to determine their efficacy. Daily dose of each anticancer drugs was as follows: CPA 50-200 mg, FT-207 200-600 mg, 5-FUDS 200 mg, p.o.. The total doses were CPA 1.8 g, FT-207 5.0g, 5-FUDS 3.4 g in average. In 11 cases (37.9%) reduction in tumor size was obtained. According to Ohboshi's criteria, over Grade II a effect was seen in 5 cases (17.2%), while Grade III effect was not seen in any of the cases. Effective cases were more frequently observed among those which received CPA at 25 mg/kg or more, or FT-207 (5-FUDS) at 80 mg/kg or more. Main side effects were G. I tract symptoms such as anorexia and nausea. To obtain definitive conclusion on the clinical significance of use of CPA and FT-207 (5-FUDS) as preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer, further studies are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides of bovine thyroid.

By the application of a ganglioside-mapping technique, the lipid composition of bovine thyroid was analyzed systematically. The contents of cholesterol, lipid-bound phosphorus and lipid-bound sialic acid in bovine thyroid were 5.10, 9.76, and 0.28 mumol/g of dry tissue, respectively, and the molar ratio of cholesterol, lipid-bound sialic acid, and lipid-bound phosphorus was 52.4 : 2.9 : 100.0. The following phospholipids were contained in this order: phosphatidylcholine greater than phosphatidylethanolamine greater than sphingomyelin greater than phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol greater than cardiolipin. When compared on a molar basis, the amount of total glycosphingolipids was only 3% of phospholipids. As the major neutral glycosphingolipids, ceramide glucoside, ceramide galactoside, ceramide lactoside, ceramide trihexoside and globoside were identified and the most abundant component was globoside (40% of total neutral glycosphingolipids). On the other hand, five molecular species of gangliosides were identified: GM3, GM1, fucosyl GM1, GD3, and GD1a. Three types of GD3 and GD1a with a different sialic acid composition were recognized on the ganglioside-map and isolated in pure forms. GM3 was the most abundant component, but the concentration of gangliosides with ganglio-N-tetraose in bovine thyroid was higher than that of gangliosides with lactose. Also fucosyl GM1 comprised 13% of total gangliosides. Thus, the high concentrations of gangliosides with ganglio-N-tetraose and fucosyl GM1 seemed to be characteristic of bovine thyroid glycosphingolipids. The glycosphingolipids contained in the following order: GM3 greater than GD1a greater than globoside greater than GM1 greater than ceramide trihexoside greater than fucosyl GM1 greater than ceramide lactoside greater than ceramide glycoside greater than GD3 greater than ceramide galactoside.

Animals↗