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Biomedical subjects

Y H Hu

Publications and source records attributed to Y H Hu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Incidence of NIDDM in Daqing and forecasting of NIDDM in China in 21st century].

Based on the survey of the prevalence of NIDDM in 110 660 people aged 25-74 in 1986, the incidence of NIDDM was investigated in 1990 in 36 471 people (M/F 18,801:17,670) who had normal glucose tolerance and/or plasma glucose concentration less than 6.7 mmol/L 2-hour after breakfast (carbohydrate 80 g) four years ago in Daqing, Heilongjiang province, northeast China. 103 male and 88 female diabetics were diagnosed among the 36 471 subjects from June 1986 to June 1990. This result showed that the annual incidence of NIDDM in this area is 131/100,000 (137 in males, 125 in females), and is 130/100,000 standardized to the 1982's chinese population (95% confidence interval, 94-168/100,000). We may estimate that there would be 754 thousand new diabetics per year in 25-74 years old Chinese if the total population were 1.3 billion in China in the 21st century.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The regional variation of suicide and homicide in the USA and Taiwan.

This study shows that the social correlates of suicide rates in the USA and Taiwan are quite different, and that Durkheim's theory of suicide does not appear to be valid in Taiwan. By contrast, homicide rates in both nations do share some common social correlates, including divorce rates and crime rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Role of the splanchnic nerve in hypotension induced by acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis].

A model of acute suppurative cholangitis with septicemia but without shock was made in 14 rabbits. Fourty-eight hours afterwards, reoperation was performed with the right major splanchnic nerve and right celiac plexus exposed for monitoring. A catheter with an inflatable rubber bag was inserted into the common bile duct via the duodenum for injection with water into the rubber bag to produce a biliary high pressure of 20 kPa, which was subsequently maintained for 2 hours. The right major splanchnic nerve impulse frequency was found significantly increased (P < 0.01). The study shows that the fall of blood pressure or shock in the early stage of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis is induced predominantly by acute biliary hypertension, and our findings would be complementary to Reynolds' hypothesis of the production of shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neural-network-based adaptive matched filtering for QRS detection.

We have developed an adaptive matched filtering algorithm based upon an artificial neural network (ANN) for QRS detection. We use an ANN adaptive whitening filter to model the lower frequencies of the ECG which are inherently nonlinear and nonstationary. The residual signal which contains mostly higher frequency QRS complex energy is then passed through a linear matched filter to detect the location of the QRS complex. We developed an algorithm to adaptively update the matched filter template from the detected QRS complex in the ECG signal itself so that the template can be customized to an individual subject. This ANN whitening filter is very effective at removing the time-varying, nonlinear noise characteristic of ECG signals. Using this novel approach, the detection rate for a very noisy patient record in the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database is 99.5%, which compares favorably to the 97.5% obtained using a linear adaptive whitening filter and the 96.5% achieved with a bandpass filtering method.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Coronary heart disease and diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed diabetes in Da Qing, China: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study.

In 1986, 110,660 of 281,589 residents aged 25-74 years in Da Qing, Hei Long Jiang Province of China, were surveyed. Based on the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, 630 subjects were found to have previously undiagnosed diabetes according to 1985 WHO criteria. Among them, 600 diabetics aged 35-74 years (288 men, 312 women) and 410 non-diabetics of similar age with normal glucose tolerance (207 men, 203 women) were examined to determine the prevalence of retinopathy and coronary heart disease (CHD) and to evaluate associated characteristics. Retinal examinations of 423 newly diagnosed diabetics showed that 15.4% had several microaneurysms and/or small intraretinal haemorrhage, 5.5% soft exudates, 7.1% hard exudates, and 2.3% proliferative retinopathy. Among 220 non-diabetics, 13.6% had one or two microaneurysms and/or small intraretinal haemorrhage, and only 1.4% had a few soft exudates; half of the non-diabetics with retinopathy had hypertension. CHD, according to Minnesota coding (1.1-1.3, 5.1-5.3 and 7.1) of resting electrocardiograms, was ten times more frequent in the diabetics (3.59%) than in the controls (0.32%), after adjusting for age and sex. Multiple regression analysis showed that plasma glucose concentration was a risk factor for retinopathy after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and blood pressure. Two-hour plasma glucose concentration (after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking and blood pressure) and blood pressure (after adjusting for age, sex BMI, smoking and 1-h or 2-h plasma glucose level) were associated with CHD among the diabetics and non-diabetics and among the diabetics alone. Thus, both micro- and macrovascular complications occur frequently in previously undiagnosed Chinese diabetics and the frequency of CHD is markedly increased compared to the low frequency among Chinese non-diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of experimental acute hypertension of the biliary tract on hemodynamics and activity of the major splanchnic nerve in rabbits.

An experimental study of the effect of acute biliary hypertension on hemodynamics and activity of the major splanchnic nerve was conducted in Japanese big ear white rabbits. A catheter with an inflatable rubber bag fixed to its anterior end was inserted into the extrahepatic biliary duct via the duodenum, and a biliary high pressure of 20 kFa (150 mmHg) was created and maintained for 2 h by inflating the bag with water. The right major splanchnic nerve was isolated and the impulse frequencies of the nerve were recorded during the study. Arterial blood pressure was also dynamically monitored. A significant fall of the arterial blood pressure (P less than 0.01) and an increase in impulse frequency of the nerve (P less than 0.01) were found in this "simple type" acute biliary high pressure without infection. Biliary decompression immediately eliminated these abnormalities (P less than 0.01). The drop in blood pressure was much less prominent if the right splanchnic nerve was blocked prior to biliary high pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[An analysis of 1,048 cases of corneal disease].

1,048 cases (1,360 eyes) of corneal disease during 1982 to 1987 with complete records were analyzed. It was found that the ratio of incidences between male and female was about 2:1, and the age was predominantly (66.5%) from 21 to 50 years. The leading blinding corneal disease was herpes simplex keratitis, and bacterial and mycotic infections were mostly associated with trauma. The pathogenesis of marginal keratitis was mainly an autoimmune process, and the high incidence (43.9%) of punctate superficial keratitis was surprising. Corneal disease due to vitamin A deficiency still occurred occasionally in children. The findings indicated that most corneal blindness was preventable through hygienic measures and promotion of general health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Crossed aphasia in Chinese: a clinical survey.

According to our clinical observations from various aspects of stroke patients, such as the total incidence of aphasia, the incidence of aphasia after left brain damage of the dextrals, the aphasia that occurs in patients without hemiplegia, and the types of aphasia, a much higher incidence of crossed aphasia is seen among the stroke patients of the Han (the largest ethnic group in China) as compared with the Uighur-Kazaks (U-K) in China and the Occidentals documented in the literature. Motor aphasia is most common and pure sensory or posterior aphasia is rarely seen in Han patients. The distinct features of the Chinese language is a possible explanation for this difference. We suspect that language function of the Han is not localized in the left brain but in the right or both hemispheres. There is no definite Wernicke's area in the left brain of the Chinese people and the neural pathway of the language function in the brain of the Chinese people is not similar to people who speak phonetic languages. Consequently the universal applicability of the theories of cerebral laterality of the language function and dominant hemisphere established by Dax and Broca are questioned in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Non-cancerous ulcer in the esophagus after radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma--a report of 27 patients.

Twenty-seven patients with non-cancerous ulcers (NCU) (radiation ulcer) after radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma are presented. Two-thirds of them had been misdiagnosed as uncontrolled or recurrent cancers, leading to improper management. Patients with NCU in the esophagus are characterized by having severe pain in the chest or back, especially on swallowing. On X-ray films, the lesions appear as superficial ulcerations with a line of demarcation above and below the ulcer margin. The wall opposite the ulcer is not usually involved and the ulcer infrequently invades the nearby organs. On conservative treatment, they usually heal and the symptoms are relieved. Seven out of 27 patients have survived from 20 months to 13 years without any evidence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Management of local residual primary lesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: II. Results of prospective randomized trial on booster dose.

Although the question of booster dose for residual primary lesion arises in only 5% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving radiotherapy, it poses a difficult problem for clinicians and should be followed. Hence, to test the validity of booster dose for residual primary lesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a prospective randomized trial has been designed and carried out since January 1980. All patients who had a residual lesion in the nasopharynx at 70 Gy were biopsied. Those pathologically positive for cancer were randomized into two groups: (a) positive radiation group (PRG): patients were given further irradiation to a total dose of 90 Gy by the cone-down and assault technique, and (b) positive observation group (POG): patients were given no more irradiation but were followed periodically together with those who were pathology negative (NOG). A total of 78 patients were entered. The validity of booster dose was shown by the 5-year survival rates of the PRG, POG and NOG groups: 75% (3/4), 33% (1/3), and 58% (14/24), respectively. The total local recurrence rates of these groups were 6% (1/16), 36% (5/14), and 4% (2/48), respectively. The authors believe that booster dose for pathology positive residual lesion in the nasopharynx is necessary. The four factors leading to the development of a local recurrence are: (a) residual primary lesion proved positive by pathology but left unboosted, (b) well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the original primary lesion, (c) mild radio-response in the cancer parenchyma, and (d) mild radio-response in the interstitial tissue.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Influence of radiation on the blood-brain barrier and optimum time of chemotherapy.

A pilot study of the destructive effects of radiation on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was made on 14 patients with localized and limited brain tumors by 99MTc-GH imaging from August 1988 to November 1989. Count/pixel data were obtained from the unirradiated, irradiated, and tumor areas before and after radiotherapy of 30-40 Gy. It was observed that, a) the BBB in the unirradiated area outside the radiation portal was not changed, b) the degree of destructive effect on the BBB in the irradiated normal area was directly proportional to the radiation dose. For 30-40 Gy, the count/pixel change enhances to average 24.7% [(147.6-118.4)/118.4], and c) the BBB in the tumor area is partially destroyed on an average of 22.1% [(206.8-169.4)/169.4] by the tumor. The radiotherapy further enhances this effect to an average of 74.7% [(206.8-118.4)/118.4]. Case 3 showed that before radiation, the degree of destructive effect on the BBB in the tumor area was 22% [(167-137)/137] higher than normal brain tissue. After a dose of 30 Gy of irradiation, it increased to 76.7% [(242-137)/137]; 8 months later it decreased to 17% [(160.3-137)/137]. It has been proven that the BBB can recover at least partially. Based on these observations, the authors believe that in the combined treatment of operated brain tumors, radiotherapy should precede chemotherapy so as to enhance the destruction of the BBB, facilitating the incorporation of drugs into the tumor. The dose at which to start chemotherapy is 20-30 Gy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of biliary high pressure on hemodynamics and autonomic nervous activity].

An acutely experimental study on biliary compression and decompression as well as right splanchnic major nerve blocking was completed in Japanese big ear white rabbits. Using a self-made catheter with a blind cyst at bile duct, the extrahepatic biliary system could be cannulated and an experimental biliary high pressure of 150 mmHg could be achieved as long as 2 hours by water infusion via the blind cyst of the catheter. The right splanchnic major nerve was dissected simultaneously for investigating the impulse frequency of the nerve and the artery blood pressure during the study. A significant decrease in blood pressure (P less than 0.01) and an elevation of nervous impulse frequency (P less than 0.01) were found in "simple type" acute biliary high pressure without infection. Biliary decompression would immediately reverse the above abnormalities (P less than 0.01). The decline of blood pressure would be dramatically weaken or less significant if a right splanchnic nerve blocking was processed prior to biliary compression.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Changes of adrenoceptor density in heart and brain and the reactivity of isolated pulmonary artery ring in atherosclerotic rabbit].

The alpha-adrenoceptor density in cerebral cortex and brain stem as well as the beta-adrenoceptor density in heart were measured by radioligand binding assay in normal rabbits (group 1), atherosclerotic rabbits (group 2) and atherosclerotic rabbits treated orally with aspirin 20 mg/kg daily for 16 wk (group 3). The results showed that the beta-receptor density and the KD values of the hearts among the 3 groups and the alpha-receptor density and KD of brain stem between groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different except that the alpha-receptor density in group 3 was decreased slightly. The number of alpha 1-receptor of cerebral cortex was decreased more in group 2 than that in group 3. The contractile responses of isolated pulmonary artery ring by NE were similar among the 3 groups but the reactivity to 5-HT in group 3 was increased significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Study on mechanism of micronucleoli formation by laser microirradiation.

In the male rat kangaroo cell line PTK2, argon laser (514.5 nm) microirradiation of both nucleoli in interphase cells 30, 23, and 12 h before mitosis, and nucleoli in early prophase cells resulted in the formation of micronucleoli, i.e., several small nucleolus-like bodies, in daughter cells. The irradiated cells were stained with methylene blue, which indicated that the nucleolar RNA was destroyed by laser microirradiation. Feulgen staining was applied to the irradiated cells in combination with the measurements of an MPV-II model microphotometer. Irradiated nucleoli were negative for DNA-Feulgen stain, which indicated that nucleolar DNA was destroyed by laser irradiation, so the nucleolar organizer gene was destroyed. After the nucleoli had been irradiated, the cells were continuously incubated at 37 degrees C for 12 and/or 24 h, then fixed and stained with AgNO3. Most of the nucleoli irradiated silver-stained negative that demonstrated that when the nucleoli were irradiated, rDNA was destroyed and transcription stopped. However, some silver grains were found in the nucleoplasm, whereas the nucleoli were silver-stained negative. The results suggest that subsidiary nucleolar organizer loci might exist scattered throughout the genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In situ benign growth after radical radiation therapy of head and neck cancers--report of eight patients.

Eight patients who developed benign growth at the primary site after radical radiotherapy of head and neck cancers (two laryngeal cancers, six nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NPC) are reported. Most of the lesions appeared as spheral or nodular growth with few symptoms. All were properly diagnosed and treated, but two of them had been wrongly diagnosed and treated as local malignant recurrence. The authors point out that repeated biopsies, before treatment, are very important for differentiating a malignant recurrence from a benign growth. Conservative treatment can cure these lesions.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Chinese herb "destagnation" series I: Combination of radiation with destagnation in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): a prospective randomized trial on 188 cases.

The results of a prospective randomized trial on 188 patients with NPC is reported to evaluate the validity of Chinese herbal medicine-Destagnation combined with radiotherapy. Ninety patients were allotted to the Destagnation group (radiation plus Destagnation) and 98, to the control group (radiation only). The 5-year success rate (number surviving minus number recurred but salvaged by re-treatment) of the Destagnation group is 53% (48/90) in comparison to 37% (36/98) of the control group (p less than 0.05). Minor complications of Destagnation included occasional anorexia and frequency of bowel movement. The reduced rate of local recurrence at the primary site in the Destagnation group (14%-13/90) as compared to that of the control group (29%-28/98) (p less than 0.05) suggests that Destagnation may be a radiosensitizer. The similar metastatic rates in both groups; 21% (19/90) in the Destagnation group and 21% (21/98) in the control group may refute the belief that Destagnation enhances hematogenous spread.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Management of local residual primary lesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): are higher doses beneficial?

One hundred and eighty-two nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, treated from March 1958 through 1978, received 70 Gy or more and were left with gross residual lesion in the nasopharynx, were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety-two patients were given a boost by reduced portals to a total of 90-120 Gy (boost group) whereas for the other non-randomized 90 patients, the treatment was stopped at 70 Gy (observation group). The local recurrence, distant metastasis and 5-year survival rates of the two groups are: 35% (32/92) vs. 58% (52/90), 20% (18/92) vs. 43% (39/90), and 54% (50/92) vs. 21% (19/90), respectively. The benefit of boost is more apparent in patients with T1-2 than T3-4 lesions (p less than 0.001), at increased risk of radiation encephalo-myelitis from 5.5% to 17%. The authors believe that boost be given to patients with early Stage T or small residual lesion at the primary site of NPC.

Carcinoma↗