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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukuchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukuchi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Relationship of alternans of monophasic action potential and conduction delay inside the ischemic border zone to serious ventricular arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.

We studied the relationship of conduction delay and monophasic action potential (MAP) at an ischemic border zone to serious ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Measurements were made in 36 adult mongrel dogs 15 minutes after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. We recorded MAPs and bipolar electrograms simultaneously inside and outside the ischemic border zone in the dog hearts. Of the 36 dogs, 24 that had favorable MAP recordings were chosen and were divided into two groups according to an occurrence of VA. In group A (n = 12), an onset time of VA was 5.1 +/- 0.8 minutes after ischemia, while in group B (n = 12) VA did not occur during ischemia. The conduction delay at the ischemic border zone was significantly greater from 3 minutes after ischemia in group A than in group B. MAP alternans, defined as the difference in duration of two consecutive MAPs inside the ischemic border, was marked in group A but mild in group B. Duration of a small MAP of alternans was markedly shorter than that of a corresponding MAP outside the ischemic border in both groups, but was followed by VA in group A. Duration of a large MAP was markedly prolonged compared with that of a corresponding MAP outside the ischemic border in seven dogs of group A and in only one dog of group B (p less than 0.01), and was followed by VA in seven dogs of group A. Our results suggest that the mechanism of VA is due not only to reentry but also to an injury current flowing from ischemic to nonischemic tissues, because VA was preceded by conduction delay and by a difference in MAP durations when comparing regions inside and outside the ischemic border.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

[Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer in the aged].

Eleven aged patients over 65 years of age with advanced lung cancer (mean age = 70.8 +/- 1.4, non-small cell:small cell = 9:2, stage III:IV = 5:6) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and vincaloids (vindesine 3 mg/m2 or etoposide 80 mg/m2). To evaluate this cisplatin combination therapy, the aged group was compared with a young group consisting of eleven patients (mean age = 53.3 +/- 1.7, non-small cell:small cell = 9:2, stage III:IV = 5:6) matched for cell type, stage and dose regimen. The mean dose of cisplatin was 58.2 mg/m2 in the aged and 63.6 mg/m2 in the younger group. A notable reduction in tumor size was observed in 9.1% of the aged and 27.3% of the young, while one-year survival rate was 63.6% in the aged and 72.7% in the young. The common side effects were nausea and vomiting, while diarrhea was seen in 18.2% of the aged. Neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups and the time course of myelosuppression in the aged (18.2 +/- 0.8 days) was significantly shorter than that in the younger patients (22.0 +/- 1.4 days, p less than 0.05). With regard to nephrotoxicity, creatinine clearance rate in the aged decreased remarkably from 56.9 to 38.9 ml/min, while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the aged and the young. Disorders of electrolytes such as hypokalemia and hyponatremia were seen in 45.5% of the aged. We conclude that advanced lung cancer in the aged was effectively treated with cisplatin combination therapy with tolerable nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A study of 75 untreated lung cancers in the elderly].

The records of 1280 patients autopsied at the Yokufukai Geriatric Hospital from October 1, 1973 to August 31, 1987 were reviewed and 75 patients with untreated lung cancer, aged 70 or older, were selected. The mean age and standard deviation was 82.1 +/- 5.4 years. Male consisted of 34 subjects and 41 were female of. Histological study revealed 42 cases of adenocarcinoma, 19 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases of small cell carcinoma, 2 cases of large cell carcinoma, 1 case of carcinoid and 4 cases of the other types. The mean survival period of 44 untreated patients diagnosed as lung cancer during life was 21.1 +/- 24.1 months. The mean survival periods for 24 patients with adenocarcinoma and 11 patients with squamous cell carcinoma were 24.0 +/- 29.3 and 12.9 +/- 11.7 months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean survival period of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. 9% of 44 untreated lung cancers survived for at least 5 years, although the survival rate was slightly lower than that generally reported in the literature. On the basis of staging of TNM classification at the autopsy, the mean survival period from the diagnosis for 13 patients with stage 1 and 27 patients with stage 4 were 27.5 +/- 33.3 and 18.5 +/- 19.7 months, respectively. The incidence of brain metastasis in 75 cases was 14.7%. In this study, adenocarcinoma was more predominant in the elderly (56.0%). An inverse relationship of age to stage was partially observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Immunologic evaluation in patients with lung cancer with special regard to peripheral blood natural killer cell activity and interleukin-2 productivity].

Thirteen patients with lung cancer and 62 age-matched control subjects were investigated in this study (68.5 +/- 2.7 y.o. and 70.5 +/- 1.1 y.o. respectively). The peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity of patients with lung cancer and control subjects was 59.3 +/- 4.4% and 69.3 +/- 1.8%, respectively. The NK cell activity in these patients was significantly lower than the NK activity of control subjects (p less than 0.05). The Interleukin-2 (IL-2) productivity of stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer was 4.96 +/- 0.99 unit, and from control subjects was 12.31 +/- 1.51 unit. When compared with control subjects, the IL-2 productivity in the patients with lung cancer was significantly lower (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in values of OKT series or OKT4/OKT8 ratio between these patients and control subjects. Ten of the 13 patients received schizophyllan intramuscularly once a week (40 mg/week). The NK cell activity was significantly increased on the second day after the second injection of schizophyllan, but there was no change in IL-2 productivity. We conclude that the peripheral blood NK cell activity and IL-2 productivity of patients with lung cancer was decreased. The antitumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan, temporarily raised the NK cell activity of these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of cigarette smoke on metabolism of eicosanoids in rat lung in terms of variation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2].

We investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on metabolism of two eicosanoids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) in the lung. Twelve female Wistar rats aged between 5 and 6 weeks were chosen and the smoking group (SG, n = 6) was compared to the control group (CG, n = 6). Cigarette smoke exposure was performed using a Hamburg-II inhalation apparatus and the dose was 10 cigarettes in 30 min. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted 30 min after smoking exposure and the recovered BAL fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The levels of 15-HETE and 11-dehydro-TXB2 of the supernatant were measured by radioimmunoassay in each sample. Recovered 15-HETE significantly increased in SG (SG: 490 +/- 109 pg, CG: 191 +/- 63 pg, p less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference in recovered protein (SG: 2.64 +/- 0.50 mg, CG: 2.23 +/- 0.10 mg), 11-dehydro-TXB2 (SG: 128 +/- 13 pg, CG: 156 +/- 7 pg). We conclude that acute cigarette smoke exposure increases recovered BAL fluid 15-HETE, a potent inflammatory mediator and that 15-HETE in BAL fluid may indicate lung injury induced by smoking.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Infection--clinico-pathological profile of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB)].

In order to investigate the clinico-pathological profile of the inflammatory disease of the intermediate zone of broncho-pulmonary system, a retrospective study was conducted in consecutively autopsied cases at Tokyo University Hospital (n = 495) and Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatrics Center Hospital (n = 1178). We analyzed clinical findings, laboratory tests, pulmonary function tests and chest roentgenograms. In addition, morphologic changes were assessed semiquantitatively as to the grade as well as the localization of inflammation in the lungs. Aspiration pulmonary diseases were found in 7% of all autopsied cases and diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) was observed in 16% (1% of all cases). Macroscopic findings of DAB in an autopsied lung were similar to those found in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). The clinical symptoms and tests were, however, a complex mixture of DPB and aspiration pneumonia. As a result, differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma in the elderly among aspiration pulmonary diseases seemed crucial for the proper management of DAB. Histologic findings of DAB were characterized by more predominant localization of inflammation in bronchioli and the invariable presence of foreign body or related giant cells in this region of the lungs. In view of these findings, the occurrence of DAB might be related to recurrent aspiration of small amounts with superimposed infection of the airways.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of moment analysis of spirogram].

In order to assess the significance of moment analysis of transit times on spirograms, we investigated the characteristics of this analysis and the distribution of mechanical time constants of the lung derived from this method. Assuming the log-normal distribution of time constants, mu is the mean and sigma is the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of the time constants. The normal value for mu was -0.64 +/- 0.41 and for sigma was 1.54 +/- 0.42 (mean +/- 1 S.D.) in 94 normal males. The smoking habits enhanced the response of sigma on age-effect, but did not enhance the response of V25/HT. Compared with the normal group, excessive sigma was observed in the patients with bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema and interstitial lung disease. Mu was especially greater in the patients with the former two diseases. In bronchial asthma, mu decreased and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1.0) increased after inhalation of salbutamol, but these did not always correlate. Mu correlated with some clinical conditions. Moment analysis was available on the volume-time profile of quiet breathing with good reproducibility. The first moment (alpha 1) and standardized first moment (alpha 1') showed an increase in bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema, and decreased with treatment in bronchial asthma. It was concluded that the moment analysis of transit times on spirogram is useful as an index of time-course aspects of expiration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rare case of internal hernia with a new type of hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the stomach and colon.

We report a new type of retroperitoneal internal hernia with hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the stomach and colon. The hernia neck was formed in the lesser omentum, and the hernia sac consisted of the lesser omentum and retroperitoneum. The herniated organs (the stomach and colon) were incarcerated in the right extraperitoneal subphrenic space from the left dorsal side of the sulcus vena cava. This is the first reported case of this type.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Correlation of the size of isolated right ventricular infarction with the changes of ST segment in dogs.

Vectorcardiographic, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic changes in isolated infarction (infarct confined to the right ventricular free wall) were studied in 19 mongrel dogs. An isolated right ventricular infarction was produced by embolizing the right coronary artery with Spongel under closed chest conditions. The size of the infarct, identified by TTC staining, accounted for 6-65% (35.9 +/- 22.0%, mean +/- SD) of the right ventricular free wall. The STx, STy, STz, and the spatial magnitude of the ST segment (STM) were continuously recorded with an automated, real-time vectorcardiographic ST-segment analyzer (ST-monitor) using the Frank lead system. The cardiac index (CI) ratio (CI after embolization/CI before embolization) of all dogs with larger infarcts (infarct greater than 35% of the right ventricle) was below 1.0. In dogs with smaller infarcts (% RVI less than or equal to 35%), there were no differences in the hemodynamic data before and 4 h after embolization. In dogs with larger infarcts, however, pulmonary arterial pressure and heart rate 4 h after embolization were significantly decreased compared with those before embolization. In addition, right atrial pressure 4 h after embolization in the larger infarct group was significantly elevated compared with that in the smaller infarct group. In dogs with larger infarcts, STx, STy, and STM were significantly larger than in those with smaller infarcts both 15 min and 4 h after embolization. There were no significant correlations between infarct size and change in vectorcardiographic ST segments in the smaller infarct group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗