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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujino

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujino.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Structure of novel glyceroglycolipids in Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) seeds.

In addition to monoglycosyl diacylglycerol, three glyceroglycolipids with two to four hexose units were isolated from Adzuki bean seeds. Their structures were determined using enzymatic hydrolysis, permethylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography, as folows: Gal(beta 1----3')- for the monoglycosyl diacyglycerol, Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')- and Gal(beta 1----6)-Gal(beta1----3')- for the diglycosyl diacylglycerol, [Gal(beta 1----6]2-Gal(beta 1----3')- and Gal(beta 1----6)-Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')- for the triglycosyl diacylglycerol, and [Gal(beta 1----6)]3-Gal(beta 1----3')- and [Gal(beta 1----6)]2-Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')- for the tetraglycosyl diacylglycerol. Except for Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')-diacylglycerol, all of the glycolipids with oligosaccharide moieties had novel glycosidic linkage patterns differing from those in the well-known glyceroglycolipids in nature. The predominant diacylglycerol species component was characterized as dilinolenin. However, the molecular species composition of the diacylglycerol moieties of the two diglycosyl isomers with different glycosidic linkage patterns were found to be qualitatively the same but different quantitatively, as follows: in the well-known isomer Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')-, 39% dilinolenin, 15% palmitoyl linolenin, and 14% linoleoyl linolenin; and in the novel isomer Gal(beta 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')-, 35% dilinolenin, 24% dilinolein, and 21% linoleoyl linolenin.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Thin-section computed tomography of intrapulmonary metastases after surgical resection of lung cancer].

To evaluate the morphology of small peripheral intrapulmonary metastases of lung cancers, we studied thin-section computed tomography (CT) images of 12 lesions in 5 cases (1 squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 papillary adenocarcinomas). All lesions were resected, and histopathological diagnosis of them was performed in comparison with primary lesions to differentiate multiple primary lung cancers from intrapulmonary metastases. Thin-section CT images showed mildly lobulated nodules in connection with supplying pulmonary vessels, however, indented pleura and vascular convergence were less frequently seen in intrapulmonary metastases in contrast with primary lung cancers. Thin-section CT is helpful for distinguishing multiple primary lung cancers from intrapulmonary metastases in patients with a history of surgical resection for lung cancers.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1989

High-frequency oscillation for persistent fetal circulation after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

A female neonate who had been diagnosed as having congenital diaphragmatic hernia by ultrasonography was delivered by cesarean section. After the hernia was repaired, she developed hypoxemia and hypercapnia, probably due to persistent fetal circulation (PFC). Neither conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) nor manual ventilation improved the respiratory status. High-frequency oscillation (HFO) successfully improved pulmonary gas exchange, but we failed to wean the patient from HFO by using intermittent HFO. The patient was again placed on CMV for weaning and was extubated on the 12th ICU day. We conclude that HFO can be an alternative respiratory modality in patients with respiratory failure due to PFC after the repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Seventy-two-hour preservation of the canine pancreas by the two-layer (Euro-Collins' solution/perfluorochemical) cold storage method.

A 72-hr preservation of canine pancreas by a 2-layer (Euro-Collins'/Perfluorochemical) cold storage method was tested in the canine model of segmental pancreas autotransplantation. The functional recovery of the grafts by this method (group 1) was determined by daily fasting blood glucose concentration and intravenous glucose tolerance test at 2 weeks after autotransplantation and compared with simple cold storage with Euro-Collins' solution (group 2) and control (no preservation) (group 3). Maintenance of normoglycemia for at least 5 days after transplantation was considered a successful preservation. The functional success rates after 72-hr preservation were 100%, 0%, and 100% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean K values of group 1 after 72-hr preservation was 1.78 +/- 0.42 compared with 2.05 +/- 0.32 for group 3 at 2 weeks after transplantation. Biopsies of grafts of group 2 after 72-hr preservation showed remarkable autolytic changes in exocrine and endocrine tissues. In contrast, biopsies of grafts of group 1 after 72-hr preservation showed almost normal architecture in both tissues. In addition, biopsies of 72-hr preserved grafts of group 1 at 4 weeks after after autotransplantation showed almost normal pancreas architecture with minimal fibrotic changes in the exocrine tissue. This study demonstrated the possibility of 72-hr preservation of the pancreas for transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Squamous cell carcinoma of the uroepithelium: CT evaluation.

Fourteen cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) originating in the uroepithelium were studied with computed tomography (CT). Nine cases were of vesical origin, three were of renal pelvic origin, and two were of ureteral origin. CT scans of eight of the 14 cases, including four cases of vesical origin and four cases of renal pelvic or ureteral origin, demonstrated predominantly extraluminal extension with invasion into adjacent organs or the renal parenchyma. CT scans of the remaining six cases showed almost equal extra- and intraluminal tumor growth and no predominantly intraluminal extension. An associated urinary stone was demonstrated in four of the five cases of SCC of renal pelvic or ureteral origin. Two of these cases were diagnosed as urinary stones before CT was performed. Eight of the nine cases of SCC of vesical origin and four of the five cases of SCC of renal pelvic or ureteral origin were correctly staged with the aid of CT.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of lung structure in male DBA and C57 black mice and their F1 offspring.

To test whether lung structure in mice is genetically determined, two inbred strains of mice and their F1 offspring of the same age and gender were studied. Body size and lung size were measured, and various morphometric parameters were calculated. Each parameter was analyzed to elucidate the effects of dam, sire, both, or none by a genetic analytical method. The two inbred lines differed in lung and body size as well as in morphometric parameters. These parameters were found to be under genetic control by sire, dam, both, or none. From the data of reciprocal crossing, it appears that there is a maternal effect on the following parameters: body weight, fresh lung weight, fixed lung volume/fresh lung weight, specific lung volume, alveolar wall proportion, mean alveolar wall thickness, and mean linear intercept. Through a more detailed genetic analysis, it was found that specific lung volume in one F1 offspring showed an additive effect. On the other hand, the following parameters indicated heterotic effects (an increase or decrease in dimension compared to the parents with many possibly favorable) in one or both F1 offspring: body weight, fresh lung weight, fixed lung volume/fresh lung weight, specific lung volume, alveolar wall proportion, mean alveolar wall thickness, mean linear intercept, mean chord length of alveoli, mean chord length of alveolar ducts, alveolar surface area, and alveolar surface area to lung volume ratio. These findings indicate that genetic effects are important factors in normal lung development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Significance of exercise and bed rest in pregnancy--pregnancy and walking (1).

Prior to evaluating the significance of bed rest in managing obstetric diseases, characteristics of physiology of pregnant women were examined on the basis of 24 hours heart rate changes in eight pregnant women at the third trimester and also distances covered in walking by a total of 53 multiparas and of 87 primiparas during free-living daily activities were measured by means of a pedometer. A significantly higher mean heart rate was observed in those pregnant women even during sleep than in non-pregnant control. The primiparas showed significant decreases in the pedometer readings in all stages except for 15-27 weeks of gestation, while the multiparas of less than 28 weeks exhibited no decrease as compared with non-pregnant control. The decrease in the pedometer readings were marked in both primiparas and multiparas, the value being much lower than that of any other week of gestation. However, the equation of weight x distance covered in walking remains rather constant throughout gestation.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Assessment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by bronchoalveolar lavage].

To elucidate the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bleomycin is often used to induce lung injury because of is acute inflammatory and late fibrogenic effects on the lung. This study was undertaken to determine if fibroblast growth factors or suppressive factors might exist in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) when acute lung injury is induced by bleomycin in rats. In the experimental group, 1.5 U of bleomycin was administered intratracheally, whereas in the control group, saline solution was given. In both groups, rats were sacrificed serially up to 4 wks. In each rat, bronchoalveolar lavage was done three times using an aliquot of 5 ml saline solution. BALF was centrifuged to obtain cells and supernatants which were further fractionated by gel-filtration. Fibroblast stimulatory and inhibitory activities were evaluated by [3H]-thymidine incorporation by fibroblasts. In the experimental group, the recovered cell count increased threefold compared with the control group and most of the increase was attributed to the increase of neutrophil. The fraction whose molecular weight is about 20,000 potentiated the [3H]-thymidine incorporation by fibroblast and its peak activity was found on the 5th day after BLM administration. On the other hand, the fraction of small molecular weight (less than 1,000) showed inhibitory activity which did not change throughout the study period. These results suggest that the imbalance between the fibroblast stimulatory and inhibitory activities after the acute lung injury may have a key role to develop pulmonary fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Computed tomography of gastric cancer].

CT scans of 52 patients with advanced gastric cancer were reviewed, and the layer structure of the gastric wall was analyzed. Administration of 600 ml water, orally, expanded the gastric wall, while patients were in the prone position. Intravenous infusion of contrast media was routinely administered. We found that the normal layer structure of the gastric wall could be shown despite the cancer in the lesion. Borrmann 3 and 4 types. We guess that CT has a possibility in the assessment of the spread in the wall of gastric cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Cyclosporine G and D in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the rat.

Two analogs of cyclosporine A (CsA), cyclosporine G (CsG) and cyclosporine D (CsD), were compared to CsA with regards to their effects on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) as well as their adverse effects on renal functions. When administered daily on days 0-14 after immunization with S-antigen, CsA was the most effective of all in inhibiting EAU followed by CsG: 20-30 mg/kg/day of CsG appeared to have the same effect as 5 mg/kg/day of CsA. The effect of CsD was the least. When administered from day 7 after immunization, CsA and CsG were also effective in inhibiting the development of EAU. As for the adverse side effects, CsA was the most nephrotoxic: the toxic changes were morphologically found with doses of CsA at 10 mg/kg/day or higher. CsG and CsD were not nephrotoxic even at 30 mg/kg/day. The effects of CsG on immune responses were very similar to those of CsA. Both agents exhibited selective inhibition on the cell-mediated immune responses to S-antigen, while having no effect on antibody production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Three cases with an extensive lesion in the dependent portion of the lungs diagnosed by chest CT-scan].

Three patients whose lung diseases are diagnosed with CT-scan are reported. A patient showed severe hypoxemia without any abnormal shadow on chest X-P. CT-scan revealed a diffuse and extensive lesion in the dependent portion. We performed his respiratory care in prone position. CT-scan of the second patient with aspiration pneumonia revealed that the lesion existed in the dependent portion. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema of the third patient was found to be distributed mainly in the dependent portion by CT-scan. We consider that CT-scan is useful when chest X-P gives little information.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Cyclosporine-induced specific unresponsiveness to retinal soluble antigen in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Cyclosporine (CsA) was previously reported to effectively suppress the induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats immunized with S-antigen. The present study provides information concerning the development of specific unresponsiveness in the CsA-treated rats. The majority of Lewis rats immunized with S-antigen and treated with CsA from Day 0 to Day 14 failed to develop EAU when reimmunized with S-antigen on Day 30. In contrast, similarly treated rats were fully susceptible to induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis when immunized with myelin basic protein, or even to EAU when immunized with another retinal antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). The possible involvement of suppressor cells in establishing the unresponsiveness state was indicated by experiments both in vitro and in vivo. The enriched fractions of suppressor cells from rats unresponsive to induction of EAU by S-antigen were found to inhibit the specific mitotic response of lymphocytes to S-antigen, but had no effect on the response to IRBP. In vivo, injection of such enriched suppressor cell fractions to naive syngenic rats inhibited or delayed the development of EAU following immunization with S-antigen. It is proposed, therefore, that specific unresponsiveness plays a role in the suppression of EAU by CsA and that the unresponsiveness is mediated in part by specific suppressor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Suppression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity by beta-muricholic acid in mice fed a diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid.

A diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid (SID) is known to induce the formation of cholesterol fatty liver as well as cholesterol gallstones. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase, one of the key enzymes for cholesterol synthesis in the liver, is significantly lowered by addition of beta-muricholic acid to SID. The prevention of fatty liver formation by beta-muricholic acid was accompanied by the suppression of HMG-CoA reductase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506, on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats.

A comparative study was carried out between cyclosporine and a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506, isolated from the Streptomyces organism. This agent has the capacities to suppress the development of S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) as well as immune responses to S-antigen in rats immunized with the antigen. When administered daily beginning on the day of immunization and for 14 days thereafter, FK506 at doses between 0.1 and 1 mg/kg suppressed EAU in a dose-dependent manner. Complete inhibition of EAU was achieved at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg. Cyclosporine (1-20 mg/kg) also produced a dose-dependent suppression of EAU and only the highest dose (20 mg/kg) caused complete inhibition of the disease. On the basis of the dose-response study, the capacity of FK506 in preventing EAU induction is 10-30 times more intense than that of cyclosporine. In addition, the FK506 (1 and 3 mg/kg) was found to be effective in preventing EAU even when administered only in the early induction phase (days 0-5) or late effector phase (days 7-12). Similar effects were obtained by cyclosporine at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg. Furthermore, none of the rats immunized with S-antigen and treated with FK506 (1 mg/kg) on days 0-14 developed EAU when reimmunized with S-antigen on day 30. In contrast, similarly treated rats were fully susceptible to the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, or even to EAU when immunized with another retinal antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Therefore, as with cyclosporine, as demonstrated in our previous study, FK506 has the capacity to induce immunological unresponsiveness specific to the S-antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗