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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujii.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of hypoxia on proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells derived from Mongolian gerbil brain.

This study investigated the effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells in the brain. Endothelial cells derived from microvessels of Mongolian gerbil brain and control cells (3T3) were incubated for 7 days under various hypoxic and normoxic conditions at 37 degrees C. The proliferation of endothelial cells was inhibited by severe hypoxia, but stimulated by moderate hypoxia. No significant effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of control cells was observed. Endothelial cell-conditioned medium cultured under moderate hypoxia did not affect the growth of endothelial cells. The stimulatory effect of moderate hypoxia on the proliferation of cultured endothelial cells is due to an inherent property of brain endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

In order to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 419 cases of ICH were reviewed. The first computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed within 24 hours of onset and the second within 24 hours of admission; a blood sample was taken for laboratory examination within 1 hour of admission. In 60 patients (14.3%) the second CT scan showed an enlarged hematoma. The incidence of enlargement significantly decreased with time (p < 0.05) and significantly increased with the severity of liver dysfunction and the volume of the hematoma on the first CT scan. Patients with an irregularly shaped hematoma had a higher risk of hematoma growth than those with a round hematoma. In addition, patients with hematoma enlargement were more likely to have coagulation abnormalities (low platelet counts and low levels of fibrinogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin activity and platelet aggregation). Moreover, hematoma growth was associated with a poor clinical outcome. It is concluded that patients admitted to a hospital within 6 hours of onset of ICH, especially those admitted within 2 hours, and patients with liver dysfunction or irregularly shaped large hematomas should be closely observed for at least 6 hours after onset in preparation for emergency surgery, since the risk of hematoma growth in these circumstances is high.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis C virus infection and liver disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We tested the sera of 29 patients treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by first- and second-generation ELISAs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies to study the effect of HCV infection on post-transplant liver diseases. Before BMT the first-generation assay detected anti-HCV in 3 of 29 patients (10%) and the second-generation assay detected anti-HCV in 5 of 29 (17%). After BMT the first-generation assay detected anti-HCV in 11 of 20 patients (55%) and the second-generation assay detected anti-HCV in 14 of 20 (70%). According to pre-transplant anti-HCV status by the second-generation assay, liver failure occurred in none of the anti-HCV-positive group and three of the anti-HCV-negative group. Graft-versus-host disease was responsible for liver failure in these patients. According to the post-transplant anti-HCV status by the second-generation assay, chronic hepatitis was found in 14 of 14 (100%) anti-HCV-positive and 1 of 6 (17%) anti-HCV-negative patients during post-transplant follow-up (p < 0.001). Post-transplant seroconversion from anti-HCV-negative to anti-HCV-positive status assay was detected by the second-generation assay in 9 of 20 (45%) patients. A biochemical deterioration during seroconversion was observed in 7 of 9 (79%) cases. HCV plays an important role in the etiology of post-transplant liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cytokines involved in graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major complications which should be resolved to improve the survival rates in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recently, several cytokines have been identified, suggesting that they form a cytokine network and play an important role in immune system and hematopoiesis. Among several cytokines, it has been reported that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are mainly involved in GVHD. In the present report, we analyzed the role of cytokines in GVHD. When we measured serum cytokine levels, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and TNF alpha levels were increased prior to the onset of acute GVHD. For chronic GVHD, a similar pattern of cytokine increment was observed. Interestingly, these cytokines appeared to interact synergistically to induce clinical GVHD, suggesting that none of those cytokines does not function solely. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that increased IL-1 beta mRNA expression was also observed in acute GVHD in addition to increased IL-6 and TNF alpha mRNA expressions. Unexpectedly, no increased IL-2 levels were observed in both assays. In hyperacute GVHD, only IL-6 level was increased. However, in vivo administration of IL-6 into allogeneic bone marrow chimeras did not induce severe GVHD. Therefore, some other factors also appeared to be involved in inducing hyperacute GVHD. Furthermore, it is important to consider the role of inhibitory cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) or IL-10.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serum cytokine levels in bone marrow transplantation: synergistic interaction of interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in graft-versus-host disease.

In patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), IL-6 gradually increased > 14 days before clinical onset of acute GVHD and decreased when acute GVHD disappeared. Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) levels increased < 14 days before clinical acute GVHD and decreased at the disappearance of acute GVHD. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) levels increased almost simultaneously with the onset of acute GVHD and also decreased when it disappeared. However, these results do not necessarily mean that the increased levels of IL-6, IFN gamma and TNF alpha induced acute GVHD; they merely show that acute GVHD is observed more frequently in patients with increased IL-6, IFN gamma and TNF alpha levels than in those with normal levels. Although increased IL-6 levels were also observed in patients without acute GVHD, concomitant increase of IFN gamma and TNF alpha was not detected in such cases, showing that IL-6 can be increased by even graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) which may not develop into clinical acute GVHD. Taken together, acute GVHD appeared to be induced by synergistic interaction of IL-6, IFN gamma and TNF alpha, consistent with a cytokine cascade. A similar interaction of IL-6 and TNF alpha was also observed in chronic GVHD. Although IFN gamma levels were slightly increased in chronic GVHD and sometimes aggravated the disease status, IL-6 and TNF alpha appeared to be more closely involved in the induction of chronic GVHD. In autologous BMT, increased cytokine levels were not observed unless IL-2 was administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Membrane skeleton in fresh unfixed erythrocytes as revealed by a rapid-freezing and deep-etching method.

A rapid-freezing and deep-etching method for examining en face the cytoplasmic aspects of unfixed erythrocyte membranes is described, which provides improved resolution. Normal human erythrocytes were centrifuged, washed in a phosphate buffer solution and pelleted. Glass coverslips were coated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and glutaraldehyde to make erythrocytes stick to them. A drop containing the erythrocyte pellet was sandwiched between 2 coverslips. The attached erythrocytes were slowly split open in the cytosol buffer solution. The specimens on coverslips were rapidly frozen in an isopentane-propane mixture (-193 degrees C), deeply etched and rotary shadowed with platinum and carbon. Filamentous structures were observed to form fine networks on the cytoplasmic side of erythrocyte membranes. The length of the filaments was shorter than that previously reported for glutaraldehyde-fixed filaments. The number of intersections between filaments was increased as compared with the previous data. It is concluded that dense in situ networks of short filaments beneath erythrocyte membranes can be viewed in a relatively intact state by splitting fresh unfixed specimens followed by the rapid-freezing and deep-etching method.

Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1994

[Mitral valve replacement secondary to resection of mycotic cerebral aneurysm in acute phase of bacterial endocarditis--a case report].

We report a case of mitral valve replacement after ruptured mycotic aneurysm resection in acute phase of bacterial endocarditis. We have experienced a 68-year-old man with vegetation at the anterior leaflet of mitral valve and multiple systemic embolization. He underwent aneurysmectomy of ruptured mycotic cerebral aneurysm and embolectomy of left femoral artery eight days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mitral valve was replaced three days after successfully. If there was no heart failure preoperatively, valve replacement operation is recommended in acute phase of infected endocarditis or few days after cerebral aneurysmectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[A case of postoperative airway obstruction by Quincke edema].

A 42-year-old female was scheduled for removal of brain tumor under general anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane. Two days after operation, airway obstruction by increased swelling around the neck was observed. The first neck X-ray films and CT-scans after operation were not indicative of the hematoma or cyst but suggestive of the neurovascular edema (Quincke). It is necessary not to overlook postoperative airway obstruction by Quincke's edema.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of 5'-DFUR against BALB/c retroperitoneal sarcoma with spontaneous liver metastases].

A permanent cell line, termed LMFS (liver metastasis from sarcoma) was established in vivo and in vitro from a spontaneously occurring murine retroperitoneal tumor of BALB/c mouse origin. After a subcutaneous injection of more than 1 x 10(5) cells in the dorsal side of mice, the LMFS cells proliferated at the inoculation site (100% take) and induced metastatic nodules spontaneously in the liver but not in the lung. The antitumor effects of 5'-DFUR against the LM FS tumor were examined. Mice with the LMFS tumor were given 5'-DFUR (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 mM/kg) per os for 7 days from day 21 through day 27. Prolonging of the survival period was observed by the 5'-DFUR administration and the increase in the liver weight, which reflects tumor growth in the liver, was suppressed. Mice with the LMFS tumor were given 5'-DFUR (0, 0.75, 3.0 mM/kg) every day without Saturday and Sunday from day 21. Mean survival time of the control group was 57.8 +/- 4.9 days. And that of 5'-DFUR groups (0.75, 3.0 mM/kg) was 72.1 +/- 16.0 day (p < 0.05), and 80.5 +/- 9.5 days (p < 0.001), respectively. These results reveal that 5'-DFUR is effective for not only the primary site but also the liver metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Determination of globin synthesis studies using high performance liquid chromatography technique].

In vitro globin chain synthesis ratios (beta/alpha) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in twenty-five alpha or beta-thalassemiaes as well as six normal controls. Among thalassemiaes nineteen were Japanese and six Korean. Two kinds of cation exchange columns.; Mono S, HR 5/5 by Pharmacia and TSK gel by Tohso were compared. Hemolysates (10%), in stead of purified globin peptides, were directly subjected to the both columns, and 3H-labeled globin chain in vitro synthesized were separated on them. The Tohso column gave better resolution of globin peptides, resulting in sharp elution profiles. The HPLC system took about two hours for an analysis of a sample. In contrast, the conventional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chromatography by Clegg need larger sample amounts for globin extraction and twenty-four hours to be completed. The HPLC is evidently simple and rapid. The globin chain ratios thus obtained by HPLC were 1.04-1.08, 0.23-0.89, 1.22-1.62 and 2.05-4.29 for normals, thirteen beta-thalassemia minors, seven alpha-thalassemia traits and three Hb H diseases respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1994

Heparin administration and monitoring for neuroangiography.

PURPOSE: To establish the optimal protocol of heparin administration during interventional neuroradiology. METHODS: We assessed 100 cases of neuroangiography, including endovascular surgery, and measured activated coagulation time before and 5 minutes after heparin administration, and before and 5 minutes after protamine neutralization. In some cases actual heparin concentration was assayed using a chromogenic substrate technique. RESULTS: The actual plasma heparin concentration significantly correlated with the dose of heparin administered intravenously (r = .98; P < .0001) and changes in activated coagulation time (r = .85; P < .0001). The change in activated coagulation time significantly correlated with the dose of heparin injected intravenously (r = .54, P < .0001). The ratio of change in activated coagulation time significantly correlated with time elapsed after heparin administration (r = -.70, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The activated coagulation time is useful in monitoring administration and neutralization of heparin during neuroangiography, and a bolus injection of 60 U/kg heparin should be adequate to carry out neuroangiography for 75 minutes safely, even for endovascular surgery.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1994

[The interrelation of serum lysozyme level and cytoplasmic lysozyme level].

By means of the immunocytochemical method, the level of cytoplasmic lysozyme in leukocytes from healthy volunteers (n = 50) and from patients with uremia (n = 50), leukocytosis (n = 50), various forms of leukemia (n = 36) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 7) were analysed, and compared with that of simultaneously assayed serum lysozyme. Both the cytoplasmic and serum levels of lysozyme in uremia and leukocytosis were significantly higher than normal subjects (p < 0.001). No correlation, however, was found between their cytoplasmic and serum levels of lysozyme. Morphological analysis for various kinds of leukemia and MDS indicated that myelocytic and monocytic cells became highly positive for lysozyme staining with maturation, and that lymphocytes, leukemic myeloblasts and monoblasts were negative. The cytoplasmic and serum lysozyme levels of leukemias or MDS having a number of lysozyme-positive cells were elevated as compared with those of normal individuals. Among them acute myelocytic leukemia (FAB M4) revealed an excellent correlation between the lysozyme levels in cytoplasm and in serum. The rest whose serum lysozyme level tend to be lower than the cytoplasmic one gave poor correlation. Thus, serum lysozyme level is not fully reflected by the cytoplasmic level. The dual determination of cytoplasmic and serum lysozyme is suggested to be helpful on estimating leukemia types, the degree of cellular maturation and total cell mass, and might also provide a valuable tool for prediction of prognosis for these disorders.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1994

[A case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the chest wall ("Askin's tumor")].

We report a case of Askin's tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in the chest wall, with review of reported cases of PNET. Our case was the ninth of Askin's tumor and the 36th of PNET in Japan. A 12-year-old girl was hospitalized because of a large right intrathoracic mass. The serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was 11.4 ng/ml, slightly increased, and the urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites was normal. The needle biopsy specimens were diagnosed as small round cell sarcoma. At surgery we found an encapsulated multilobular mass in the region. The chest wall was resected partially to extirpate it completely. Its macroscopic and microscopic features were almost similar to the description of Askin et al. The immunohistochemical staining of the cells was positive for NSE, strongly suggesting the neurogenic origin. After surgery, intensive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant was performed, and she has been living without sign of recurrence for two years.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[MultiCycle software for cell cycle analyses].

MultiCycle software (M-cycle), a computer cell cycle analysis program that has a background debris and aggregation compensating function, was utilized in this study to prove the usefulness of the M-cycle. The S phase fraction (SPF) calculated by the M-cycle was compared to that of bromodeoxyuridine labelling index (BLI) using colorectal carcinoma cell lines. The SPF value was slightly lower using the M-cycle than that of the BLI in Colo 201 and Colo 320 and lower significantly in Widr. This may indicate that the M-cycle effectively compensated for the background existing in the DNA histogram. The SPF value was computed both by the M-cycle and the sum of broadened rectangles model (SOBR). The SPF value of these cell lines showed a lower figure in the M-cycle than in the SOBR. The SPF value of paraffin-embedded material through the M-cycle and the SOBR was compared according to DNA ploidy patterns. The SPF value computed by the M-cycle was significantly lower in both ploidy patterns than that of the SOBR. In conclusion, the M-cycle is a useful tool for cell cycle analyses of simple DNA flow cytometric histograms obtained by paraffin-embedded material.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1994

Effect of omentopexy on wound healing of the extensively detached and anastomosed canine trachea.

BACKGROUND: To examine the beneficial effect of omentopexy for tracheal anastomosis after extensive detachment that may cause impairment of the blood supply, the time course of tracheal wound healing was studied experimentally. METHODS: Circumferential resection of the trachea for three cartilage rings (nos. 11, 12, 13) and end-to-end anastomosis of the trachea were performed in 66 mongrel dogs, which were allocated to three groups (n = 22 in each). In the detached group, the trachea was entirely mobilized and isolated from the surrounding tissue for a length of 25 cartilage rings. In the wrapped group, omentopexy was added for the anastomosed site. In the control group, the same anastomosis was performed without omentopexy or detachment. The tracheal tissue blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler flow meter at the anastomosed site, and the tensile strength was determined with a tensiometer. RESULTS: All groups showed significant decreases in the blood flow on day 3, compared with the preoperative values, and increases stepwise from day 7 to day 21. On days 3, 7, and 14 the tissue blood flow was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the wrapped group than in the detached group, although on day 21 it did not differ significantly among the three groups. The tensile strengths of the cartilaginous and membranous portions were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the wrapped and control groups than in the detached group. On day 21, no significant intergroup differences were observed for this parameter. In the wrapped group and in the control group, the capillary network at the anastomosed site was well developed on day 7, and the tracheal mucosal epithelium was well regenerated on day 21 without granulation formation. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that omentopexy at the anastomosed site of an extensively detached trachea provided adequate wound healing caused by rapid recovery of the tissue blood flow.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗