High-frequency wings of rototranslational Raman spectra of gaseous nitrogen.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Fu
Publications and source records attributed to Y Fu.
Photooxidation of troglitazone, a new antidiabetic drug.
Troglitazone (CS-045) is a new oral antidiabetic drug reported to be effective in insulin-resistant diabetes and to show antihypertensive effects. Photooxidation of troglitazone gave the quinone and quinone epoxide as the major final stable products. An intermediate observed by NMR spectroscopy was shown to be the hydroperoxydienone, which is moderately stable at room temperature. The rate constant of singlet oxygen quenching by troglitazone is 2.14 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) and the reaction rate constant in acetone-d6 is 8.64 X 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). Only the chroman ring of troglitazone reacts with and quenches singlet oxygen significantly, and its reactivity and products are analogous to those of alpha-tocopherol. The reactivity of CS-45 toward singlet oxygen is much larger than that of the related compounds lacking the chroman ring.
Chromans↗
Parkinsonism due to chronic subdural hematoma.
A 75-year-old male presented with bilateral parkinsonism due to chronic subdural hematoma. The hematoma was removed through a small craniotomy. The parkinsonism rapidly improved following operation, suggesting a strong relationship between the hematoma and parkinsonism. We recommend surgical intervention in such cases.
Aged↗
[A case of middle cerebral artery occlusion caused by dissecting aneurysm].
We reported a case of middle cerebral artery occlusion caused by a dissecting aneurysm that was successfully treated by intra-arterial fibrinolysis. A 38-year-old man suddenly developed left hemiparesis and became confused. He was transferred to our hospital one hour and 27 minutes after the ictus. Right carotid angiogram (CAG) revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the horizontal portion of the middle cerebral artery and occlusion of the anterior trunk. Twelve million IU of tissue plasminogen activator was injected to fibrinolyze the thrombus of the occlusion site through a microcatheter. After this, the patient became alert and hemiparesis disappeared. It took three hours and 30 minutes to gain recanalization after the ictus. Right CAG obtained the next day demonstrated the patency of the anterior trunk and the characteristic finding of the dissecting aneurysm viz "double lumen" as a result of fibrinolysis of the thrombus in the false lumen. Right CAG obtained two weeks later demonstrated "string and pearl sign" instead of the "double lumen" as a result of partial thrombosis in the false lumen. Follow-up CAG obtained nine months after the ictus demonstrated marked reduction of the aneurysmal size as the result of progressing thrombosis of the false lumen. The characteristic angiographic findings of the dissecting aneurysm such as "double lumen" and "string and pearl sign" seemed to be mostly influenced by the status of the thrombus in the false lumen. In case of major cerebral arterial occlusion caused by the embolus or thrombus from the dissecting aneurysm, intra-arterial fibrinolysis seems to be a possible treatment modality, even though it is accompanied by the risk of giving rise to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Adult↗
[Studies of aetiology and management about iatrogenic injuries of bile duct].
74 patients with iatrogenic injuries of bile duct were treated from June 1965 to October 1994 in our hospital. Iatragenic extrahepatic bile duct injuries may be caused by some errors during cholecystectomy. The operator did not realize that cholecystectomy itself is a procedure with inherent and potential risks. The operator was careless, rude and arrogant in operating. The operator lacked experience and skill, and was unable to deal with difficult situation during operation. Also we discussed the management of bile duct injuries, and suggested that intraoperative injuries of extrahepatic bile duct should be reconstructed immediately including repair of or end to end anastomoses of the injuries of bile duct. Cholecystojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y technique) is the best reconstruction procedure for patients with the injuries of bile duct after operation or failure of repetitional repaired and reconstructive operations of bile duct. Satisfactory result could be obtained.
Adult↗
[Treatment of preterm labor with ritodrine].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of preterm labor with the beta-adrenergic agonist ritodrine. METHODS: 126 women with preterm labor were randomly assigned to intravenous infusion of ritodrine or magnesium sulfate treatment. Using minimal effective dosage for inhibition of uterine activity, terminating therapy on time, and repeating the i.v. infusion if contraction restarted were the strategy for treatment. RESULTS: Ritodrine was significantly more effective both in the treating period for suppression of contraction (2.33 +/- 0.63 hr for initiation of inhibiting uterine activity, 9.38 +/- 3.88 days of accumulative treating period) and prolongation of gestation (4.81 +/- 2.83 wks) than that of the magnesium sulfate (P < 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 respectively), and had a term labor of 73.44%. There was no serious cardiac and pulmonary complications in the ritodrine group. CONCLUSION: The present study has shown that ritodrine as a tocolytic agent is highly effective for the management of preterm labor and relative safe for mother and fetus.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
[The relationship between human chorionic gonadotrophin and lipoprotein metabolism].
We compared human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG-beta) with lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in serum between pre- and postmenopausal women, and observed the changes of levels of hCG-beta in animals suffering from hypertriglyceridemia. The results have shown that the concentration of hCG-beta in postmenopausal women is much higher than that in premenopausal women (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, triglyceride (TG) is elevated (P < 0.05). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio are decreased (P < 0.001, P < 0.01). On the other hand, the tendency of highing hCG-beta level has been found in animal study. The concentration of hCG-beta in male rats suffering form hypertriglyceridemia is higher than that in normal animals (P < 0.05).
Adult↗
Identification and characterization of a novel related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK) from megakaryocytes and brain.
We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel human intracytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, termed RAFTK (for a related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase). In addition, we have cloned and characterized the murine homolog of the human RAFTK cDNA. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of human RAFTK and murine Raftk cDNAs revealed 95% homology, indicating that RAFTK is highly conserved between these species. The RAFTK cDNA clone, encoding a polypeptide of 1009 amino acids, has closest homology (48% identity, 65% similarity) to the focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences also indicates that RAFTK, like pp125FAK, lacks a transmembrane region, myristylation sites, and SH2 and SH3 domains. In addition, like pp125FAK, RAFTK contains a kinase domain flanked by large N-terminal (426 residues) and C-terminal (331 residues) domains, and the C-terminal region contains a predicted proline-rich stretch of residues. In fetal tissues, RAFTK expression was abundant in brain, and low levels were observed in lung and liver. In adult tissues, it was less restricted, indicating that RAFTK expression is developmentally up-regulated. Expression of RAFTK was also observed in human CD34+ marrow cells, primary bone marrow megakaryocytes, platelets, and various areas of brain. The human RAFTK gene was assigned to human chromosome 8 using genomic DNAs from human/rodent somatic cell hybrid lines. The mouse Raftk gene was mapped to chromosome 14, closely linked to gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Using specific antibodies for RAFTK, a approximately 123-kDa protein from the human megakaryocytic CMK cell line was immunoprecipitated. Treatment of the megakaryocytic CMK cells with thrombin caused a rapid induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK protein. The structural features of RAFTK suggest that it is a member of the focal adhesion kinase gene family and may participate in signal transduction in human megakaryocytes and brain as well as in other cell types.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Fibrinogen alpha genes: conservation of bipartite transcripts and carboxy-terminal-extended alpha subunits in vertebrates.
All three well-studied subunits of the clotting protein fibrinogen (alpha, beta, gamma) share N-terminal structural homologies, but until recently only the beta and gamma chains were recognized as having similar globular C-termini. With the discovery of an extra exon in the human fibrinogen alpha gene (exon VI), a minor form of the alpha subunit (alpha E) with an extended beta- and gamma-like C-terminus has been identified (Fu et al., Biochemistry 31, 11968, 1992). In the present study, the polymerase chain reaction has been used to identify sequences that encode counterparts to alpha E in chicken, rabbit, rat, and baboon. The basic six-exon structure of the fibrinogen alpha genes is shown to be conserved among mammals and birds, as are the intron positions. Bipartite transcripts--still bearing an intron prior to the last exon--are found among the products of the various vertebrate fibrinogen alpha genes. The last exon represents the largest conserved segment of the gene and, in each species examined, encodes exactly 236 amino acids. The C-termini of these alpha E chains align without a single gap and are between 76 and 99% identical. Since the exon VI-encoded domain of alpha E is as well conserved as the corresponding regions of the beta and gamma chains, it follows that it is equally important and that alpha E-fibrinogen plays a vital, if as-yet unrecognized physiological role.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Structural and functional studies of the intracellular tyrosine kinase MATK gene and its translated product.
We recently cloned the cDNA which encodes a novel megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase termed MATK. In this study, we have cloned and characterized the human MATK gene as well as the murine homolog of human MATK cDNA and performed functional studies of its translated product. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of human and murine MATK cDNAs revealed 85% homology, indicating that MATK is highly conserved in mouse and human. The human gene consists of 13 exons interrupted by 12 introns. The genetic units which encode the SH3 and SH2 domains are located on separate exons. The putative ATP binding site (GXGXXG) is localized on exon 7, and the entire catalytic domain is subdivided into seven exons (7-13). Somatic cell hybrid analysis indicated that human MATK gene is located on chromosome 19 while the murine Matk gene is located on chromosome 10. The immediate 5'-flanking region was highly rich in GC sequences, and potential cis-acting elements were identified including several SP1, GATA-1, APRE, and APRE1. Antisense oligonucleotides directed against MATK mRNA sequences significantly inhibited megakaryocyte progenitor proliferation. Functional studies indicated that MATK can phosphorylate the carboxyl-terminal conserved tyrosine of the Src protein. These results support the notion that MATK acts as a regulator of p60c-src in megakaryocytic cells and participates in the pathways regulating growth of cells of this lineage.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Simultaneous bleeding from multiple lenticulostriate arteries in hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage.
Angiography within 1 h of the onset of an intracerebral haematoma in a hypertension man showed active bleeding from at least two lenticulostriate arteries. We discuss the pathophysiological significance of this finding.
Cerebral Angiography↗
Angiographic extravasation of contrast medium in acute "spontaneous" subdural hematoma.
Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma is very rare. We have encountered four such cases and verified the arterial origin of the bleeding at operation. None of the patients had a history of head trauma, and each had developed sudden onset of headache and other neurologic deficits, which simulate other cerebrovascular diseases. CT directly revealed subdural hematoma but gave no indication as to the source of the bleeding. Cerebral angiography was performed in all cases, with three of them showing localized extravasation of the contrast material into the subdural space. The extravasation was noted usually in the late arterial phase. This is a useful finding for diagnosing this disease and localizing the bleeding point. It is expected that with more routine use of cerebral angiography in cases of acute spontaneous subdural hematoma, extravasation of the contrast medium will be seen more frequently.
Acute Disease↗
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase from potato tuber. Significance of the N terminus of the small subunit for catalytic properties and heat stability.
cDNAs encoding the large subunit and a possibly truncated small subunit of the potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) adenosine 5'-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase have been expressed in Escherichia coli (A.A. Iglesias, G.F. Barry, C. Meyer, L. Bloksberg, P.A. Nakata, T. Greene, M.J. Laughlin, T.W. Okita, G.M. Kishore, J. Preiss, J Biol Chem [1993] 268: 1081-1086). However, some properties of the transgenic enzyme were different from those reported for the enzyme from potato tuber. In this work, extension of the cDNA was performed to elongate the N terminus of the truncated small subunit by 10 amino acids. This extension is based on the almost complete conservation seen at the N-terminal sequence for the potato tuber and the spinach leaf small subunits. Expressing the extended cDNA in E. coli along with the large subunit cDNA yielded a transgenic heterotetrameric enzyme with similar properties to the purified potato tuber enzyme. It was also found that the extended small subunit expressed by itself exhibited high enzyme activity, with lower affinity for activator 3-phosphoglycerate and higher sensitivity toward inorganic phosphate inhibition. It is proposed that a major function of the large subunit of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylases from higher plants is to modulate the regulatory properties of the native heterotetrameric enzyme, and the small subunit's major function is catalysis.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
In vitro determination of optimal antifungal combinations against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.
There is currently no rapid, reliable, and reproducible in vitro technique to describe the growth-inhibitory interactions of antifungal drug combinations over a wide range of drug concentrations. We have developed a microdilution plate assay that was used to determine optimal drug combinations and concentrations of one-, two-, and three-drug regimens of amphotericin B (AmphB), fluconazole (FLU), and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) for growth inhibition of three isolates each of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. These growth inhibition data were then used in a multifactorial design technique to (i) generate contour and surface response plots to aid visual interpretation and (ii) develop mathematical equations describing the growth responses of the fungi to a wide range of antifungal concentrations and ratios. Our data indicated that (i) antifungal drug-drug interactions affecting yeast growth are complex functions of the drugs used in combination, their absolute concentrations, and also their relative (proportional) concentrations; (ii) AmphB-FLU combinations had additive effects against C. albicans over wide concentration ranges for each agent but were indifferent (i.e., were less than additive) in their inhibitory effect on C. neoformans; (iii) other two-drug combinations (FLU-5FC or AmphB-5FC) had indifferent effects on the growth of both fungi; and (iv) three-drug combinations (AmphB-FLU-5FC) showed an additive inhibitory effect on the growth of both C. albicans and C. neoformans. The finding that no antagonism was observed in combinations employing AmphB and FLU in this in vitro model is of critical importance since it argues against the current theoretical concept, based on the individual drug's mode of action, of antagonism between these two drugs. These microdilution techniques provide a method to determine rational regimens of antifungal agents in multidrug combinations for future testing to correlate in vitro activity with in vivo response. The use of this approach has made the evaluation of complex antifungal drug-drug interactions possible and provided important new information to the evolving field of antifungal drug combination.
Amphotericin B↗
Migration of a subduroperitoneal shunt catheter into the subdural space--case report.
An 82-year-old male with intractable bilateral chronic subdural hematomas was treated by emplacement of bilateral subduroperitoneal shunts on the left in 1990 and on the right in 1991. Chronic subdural hematoma recurred in 1992 due to an unusual migration of a shunt catheter into the subdural space. This migration was probably due to inadequate fixation of the shunt. Shunt replacement and fixation with an anchoring wing has resulted in no further complications for 2 years.
Aged↗
[Effects of pregnant exposure to electromagnetic field emitted by electric blankets on brain catecholamine and behavior in offspring mice].
NIH pregnant mice were exposed to electromagnetic field emitted by electric blankets with 1-1.2kV/m and 0.2-0.4microT for five hours daily during their whole gestational period. Catecholamine (CA) content in the hypothalamus of their newborn offsprings was quantitatively measured with histochemical methods, and their varied behavioral activities were determined with behavioral toxicological methods. Results showed catecholamine content in exposed offsprings decreased significantly not only seven days but also 40 days after delivery as compared with the controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).
Animals↗
[Relation between selenium and cancer of uterine cervix].
Selenium (Se) concentration in serum, hair, normal cervix tissue or tissue of cervix cancer of 20 cases with cancer of uterine cervix (survey group), 21 with myoma of the uterus and 1 with cervical polys (control group), but also in rice, water and soil in the high and low incidence areas of cervical cancer was determined. The results showed that Se concentration in serum and cancer tissue of uterine cervix in patients with cancer of uterine cervix was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference of Se concentration in hair was observed (P > 0.05), However Se concentration in rice, water and soil in the high incidence areas of cervical cancer was significantly lower than that in the low incidence areas (P < 0.05). Se deficiency may play a role in the carcinogenesis of uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Immune function of red blood cell (RBC) in patients with obstructive jaundice].
Twenty-six patients with obstructive jaundice were investigated for RBC immune function. It was found that C3b receptor's E rosette forming rate in jaundiced patients was significantly lower than that of nonjaundiced patients, and the C3b receptor's E rosette forming inhibitory rate was higher than that of nonjaundiced patients. The RBC immune function disturbance may contribute to the postoperative sepsis in jaundiced patients.
Adult↗