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Biomedical subjects

Y Elitsur

Publications and source records attributed to Y Elitsur.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Chronic multifocal symmetrical osteomyelitis. Report of two cases in Bedouin infants.

Chronic multifocal symmetrical osteomyelitis is a rare condition characterized clinically and radiologically by multiple symmetrical bone lesions, a benign course, and a good prognosis. To our knowledge, only 25 cases have been reported in the literature; all of them occurred in patients of European ancestry. We describe two bedouin children, aged 20 and 21 months, who suffered from this disease. Although they complained of one painful joint, multiple osteolytic lesions were found in the long bones. At follow-up six months later, the children were in perfect condition without radiologic sequelae.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1983

HSV-specific serum/CSF antibody ratio in association with HSV serum IgM antibodies in diagnosis of herpes encephalitis in infants.

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) has a reported mortality of 60 to 80%. Because of the recently published data on experience with the antiviral agent vidarabine, early diagnosis of this infection becomes imperative if enhanced therapeutic efficacy is to be achieved. At the present time the only way to diagnose HSVE with certainty is by brain biopsy. However, in cases with biopsy-proven HSVE, it has been shown that a rise in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody titers to HSV, resulting in serum: CSF ratios of less than 20, may be diagnostic for HSVE. Three infants, aged 5, 7 and 12 months, are described. All of them presented with fever, convulsions and CSF pleocytosis which, together with computer tomography scan findings, were suggestive of meningoencephalitis. The diagnoses of HSVE were made by IPAMA (immunoperoxidase antibody to membrane antigen) for determination of HSV-specific IgG titers, and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for determination of HSV-specific IgM titers. All three infants had HSV-specific IgM in their serum, as well as HSV-specific serum IgG:CSF IgG ratios of less than 20. Two infants were treated with vidarabine with significant improvement in one and complete recovery in the other. Increased clinical awareness of HSVE symptoms, combined with the application of these rapid methods of diagnosis, might significantly improve the outcome of HSVE.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 modulate human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte function.

Thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 are two thymosin fraction 5-derived peptides with the capacity to alter a variety of immune functions in human and animal models. In this study we investigated the effect of both thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 on human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) proliferation and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. LPL from eighteen human colon specimens were cultured in the presence or absence of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4. We found that both peptides suppressed thymidine incorporation into LPL. However, thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 did not alter thymidine incorporation into phorbol ester (PDB) and calcium ionophore (ionomycin)-stimulated LPL. Furthermore, thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 also did not alter ODC activity in Con A-stimulated LPL. These results suggest that both peptides alter LPL proliferation, and that the mechanism for this inhibition may not involve the calcium fluxes or the ODC pathway but may involve protein kinase C. We postulate that thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 may participate in the modulation of the human mucosal immune system.

Colon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity decreases polyamines and suppresses DNA synthesis in human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines are essential for cell proliferation in a variety of cells including lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the potential role of ODC and polyamines in human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Our results show that con A stimulation of LPL and PBL was associated with marked increases in ODC and polyamines. The specific inhibitor of ODC, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), resulted in a complete inhibition of ODC activity and depletion of putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels. DFMO also suppressed DNA synthesis of LPL and PBL by up to 48% and 62% respectively. This antiproliferative effect was reversed by adding back the polyamines putrescine (1 mM), spermidine (10 microM) or spermine (10 microM) to the culture medium. We conclude that ODC and the polyamines are important for human LPL proliferation, and hence may play a role in human mucosal immune function.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal neuropeptides suppress human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte DNA synthesis.

Gastrointestinal neuropeptides have been shown to modulate the circulatory immune system, but their effect on the mucosal immune system is not well defined. We studied the effect of VIP, SOM, S-P and Bomb on thymidine incorporation into human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) DNA. Physiologic concentrations of VIP, SOM, S-P and Bomb significantly suppressed thymidine incorporation into Con A-stimulated human LPL. These neuropeptides did not affect DNA synthesis when LPL were induced with phorbol ester (PDB) and calcium ionophore (ionomycin). Our data suggest that a) VIP, SOM, S-P, and Bomb may have a regulatory role in the human mucosal immune system, and b) Bomb should be added to the list of neuropeptides which affect the gut immune system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

T and B cell repertoire in gastric lymph follicles in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated in the development of gastrointestinal malignancy in adults and children. The histopathological processes that lead to such development are unknown. We compared the immune cell repertoire of mucosal lymph follicles in children with H. pylori infection to B cell type mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-lymphoma of adults. The B and T cell populations residing within the lymph follicles and/or within B cell type MALT lymphoma were characteriZed by an immunohistochemical technique, utilizing B and T cell markers including: CD3, CD4, CD8 (T cells); CD20, CD40, GD74, BLA36, CD80, CD86 (B cells). Stain intensity was compared between the samples. T cell repertoire was observed within the lymph follicles, but not in the B cell MALT-lymphoma specimens. No significant difference was observed between the staining of CD40, CD74, CD8, and BLA36. The B cell markers, CD80 and CD86, were found within the centrocytic zone of the lymph follicle. In the B cell repertoire, no significant difference was observed between the lymph follicles of children with H. pylori infection and the adult MALT-lymphoma specimens except in CD20. B and T cells were in close anatomical proximity, enabling them to interact and exchange immunological information.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cow's milk allergy in infants.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in young infants affecting up to 7% of children less than six months of age. The clinical presentation of these infants may be very traumatic to their parents, as significant rectal bleeding is the most common symptom in this disease. This article describes our experience treating 44 infants who were diagnosed with CMA in the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Marshall University. The clinical symptoms, treatment and outcome are presented. To reduce apprehension from the parents, primary physicians should be familiarized with this disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori serology and the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children.

Serological screening accuracy rate may be dependent on clinical and pathological determinants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Hp serology test (Roche Biomedical Lab., Labcorp), in the diagnosis of Hp infection in 121 children who were seen in the Pediatric Gastoenterology Clinic at the Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine in Huntington. Positive serology detected children with Hp-associated gastritis with a sensitivity of 51.6%. Positive serology significantly correlated with the degree of gastric inflammation and density of Hp organisms in the gastric mucosa (ANOVA p < 0.001). The Labcorp. Hp-ELISA test had a poor accuracy rate for the detection of Hp-gastritis in children. Gastric biopsies should always be performed to establish the diagnosis of Hp infection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a survey of WV primary care physicians.

Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated in the development of peptic ulcer disease in children. Although clinical protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of this infection in children are available, the implementation of those guidelines by primary physicians are insufficient. In this study, we surveyed the clinical practices of 409 primary physicians who practice in West Virginia and treat children with H. pylori infection. Results showed in contradiction with the recommendation, primary physicians are still using serology as the preferred diagnostic method for this disease. Most of the physicians treat this disease with a combination of two antibiotics and anti-acid medication (H2 blockers or PPI) for at least one week. We conclude that an increase in knowledge of those guidelines among primary physicians may improve physicians' compliance with H. pylori guidelines.

Antacids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of DNA synthesis in human peripheral and lamina propria lymphocytes by 5-aminosalicylic acid and hydrocortisone.

5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and hydrocortisone (HC) have potent antiinflammatory activity, and are commonly used in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Both agents have been reported to modulate immune function in human and animal models. We investigated the effect of 5-ASA and HC on cell proliferation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and normal colonic lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL). Both 5-ASA (0.01-4 mM) and HC (0.01-10 microM) significantly inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation (Thd) into PBL and LPL in a dose dependent manner. Maximal inhibition occurred with the highest concentration tested of both 5-ASA and HC. We found a significantly greater inhibition of DNA synthesis for 5-ASA (4 mM) upon LPL vs. PBL (94 vs. 32%, p less than 0.001). However, DNA synthesis inhibition by HC was similar in PBL and LPL. The profoundly greater inhibitory effect of 5-ASA upon LPL suggests a specific modulation of the mucosal immune system.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Juvenile polyps and their distribution in pediatric patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Juvenile polyps (JPs) are the most common colonic tumor in childhood. The total number and anatomical distribution have changed significantly since the introduction of flexible colonoscopy. This article reviews our experiences treating 29 pediatric patients with JPs, and evaluates the 66 polyps we removed and their distribution in the colon. Thirteen patients (45%) had multiple polyps and 35% of all polyps were found proximal to the sigmoid colon. In the 14 patients who underwent a complete colonoscopy, eight had multiple polyps and 55% of these polyps were found proximal to the sigmoid colon. As a result, we conclude that there is a trend toward more polyps per patient and a more distal colonic distribution in children with JPs than previously reported. We recommend that a complete colonoscopy and possible polypectomy be performed on all children with unexplained rectal bleeding.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoimmune hepatitis in children.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is usually diagnosed after other viral, metabolic or drug-induced etiologies have been ruled out. Although uncommon in children, the disease can manifest itself with severe hepatocellular damage and early fibrosis. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment may improve morbidity and decrease mortality. In other cases, liver transplantation is the final rescue for these children. We describe our experience with five children who were diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis. Their diagnosis, medical treatment and clinical outcome are presented with a review of the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pancreas divisum--the role of ERCP in children.

Pancreas Divisum (PD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas leading to chronic pancreatitis in children. The best diagnostic procedure to establish this diagnosis is Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Utilizing ERCP as a therapeutic modality (sphincterotomy, stone removal), enables the clinician to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity. In this report, we describe the clinical presentation and outcome of three children with chronic pancreatitis who were subsequently diagnosed with PD by ERCP. We recommend that ERCP should be considered in children with chronic pancreatitis of unknown etiology.

Adolescent↗