Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Elitsur

Publications and source records attributed to Y Elitsur.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Mucosal origin and shedding of an early colonic tumor marker defined by Adnab-9 monoclonal antibody.

Recent attention has been drawn to the diagnostic potential of tests based on shed colonic tumor markers. Adnab-9 monoclonal antibody raised against neoplastic, potentially premalignant colonic adenomas recognizes a marker in colonic effluent or tissue which correlates with the presence of tumors or risk of colorectal cancer. The origin of this antigen and optimal collection of colonic effluent were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Mean Adnab-9 binding in effluent samples from colorectal cancer patients even after resection is high as compared with that in normal subjects (P < 0.05). Effluent samples are best collected in the morning hours. Antigen proteolysis may be significant depending on the site and timing of effluent collection, but breakdown products are reactive. Tissue and effluent Adnab-9 binding at any one anatomic site of collection appear to correlate (r = 0.88, P = 0.01). The Adnab-9 antigen is constitutively expressed at low levels throughout the distal bowel and localized to the deepest regions of the mucosal crypts. Other than meconium, no significant levels of binding are found in other body fluids. This antigen is specific for the gastrointestinal tract, its binding in conveniently collected effluent samples correlates with tissue content, and the antigen is constitutively expressed in the crypts of the distal small bowel and colonic mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence in blood samples tested at Cabell Huntington Hospital.

Hepatitis B is a major cause of chronic liver disease which leads to morbidity and mortality among patients. In the current era, when federal and governmental support for health care is shrinking, the HBsAg+ carrier state in West Virginia becomes an important factor for future health care planning. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the HBsAg+ carrier rate in serum samples studied in the Cabell-Huntington Hospital Laboratory from January 1990-January 1993. Only 50/6,209 (0.8%) serum samples were positive for HBsAg. These positive samples represented 10 different patients, 8/10 were females and only 4/8 were of child-bearing age. We conclude that HBsAg+ carrier state in patients from Cabell County is below the national average.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Polyamine levels, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, and ODC-mRNA expression in normal and cancerous human colonocytes.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are crucial for cell proliferation. Recently, elevated ODC activity and polyamine levels have been suggested as biological markers for human colon cancer. In this study, we measured ODC activity and the levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine) and acetyl-putrescine in human colonocytes isolated from cancerous areas compared to the adjacent normal colon tissue. In addition, ODC mRNA expression was compared between both groups. We found that colonocytes isolated from cancerous areas had significantly higher mean value of ODC activity, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine levels up to 1480%, 470%, 260%, 380%, and 510% respectively compared to colonocytes isolated from the adjacent normal colonic mucosa. No difference was found in acetyl-putrescine levels between cancerous and normal colonocytes. Steady-state levels of ODC mRNA were slightly elevated in cancerous colonocytes relative to normal colonocytes in two of three paired samples. However, the increase in ODC mRNA levels is not sufficient to account for the increase in ODC activity suggesting that colonocyte ODC activity is regulated post-transcriptionally.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epidermal growth factor regulation of DNA synthesis in human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent growth factor for many tissues including the gastrointestinal tract. EGF is present in the gut lumen and is absorbed through the mucosa in the developing animals. In addition, EGF has been found to alter the immune system. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of EGF on normal colonic lamina propria lymphocyte DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity. Human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes were isolated by collagenase-EDTA digestion. The effect of EGF on Con A-stimulated lymphocyte thymidine incorporation was tested. We observed that EGF suppressed DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in lamina propria lymphocytes. EGF did not alter the time course of thymidine incorporation into LPL stimulated by the combination of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) and ionomycin. Our data suggest that (1) EGF suppresses DNA synthesis in human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes as well as ODC activity and (2) this inhibition may be mediated through protein kinase C or calcium flux. We postulate that EGF may have a role in modulating the human gut immune system.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1991

The inhibition effect of cholecystokinin in human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte proliferation, and reversal by the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist L-364718.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a potent neuropeptide hormone with activity on various gastrointestinal organs during the digestive process. It was recently suggested that CCK may also act on the immune system. In this study we investigated the effect of CCK on the human mucosal immune system as represented by colonic lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL). Our results demonstrated that CCK at concentrations of 10(-13) M to 10(-7) M inhibits thymidine incorporation into Con A-stimulated LPL DNA by up to 40%. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was reversed by the specific CCK receptor antagonist, L-364718, at concentrations of 10(-8) M to 10(-5) M. In addition, CCK did not affect DNA synthesis of LPL stimulated with phorbol ester (PDB) and calcium ionophore (ionomycin). It is postulated that the CCK effect may involve intracellular metabolic steps proximal to protein kinase C activation and calcium flux. Our results suggest that CCK may play a role in modulating the human mucosal immune system during digestion and thus, should be added to the list of the neuropeptides that affect the mucosal immune system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Beta-casomorphin (BCM) and human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte proliferation.

BCM is a milk-derived peptide with opiate-like properties which is absorbed through the gastrointestinal mucosa. It has been shown to affect gastrointestinal motility, absorption and secretion. Recently, modulation of the immune system by BCM was also reported. In this study we investigated the in vitro effect of BCM on the human mucosal immune response as represented by lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) proliferation. Results show that BCM significantly inhibited concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated LPL DNA synthesis. BCM also inhibited ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) in ConA-stimulated LPL. Although BCM also inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated LPL DNA synthesis, the degree of inhibition was much lower than in ConA-stimulated LPL. The anti-proliferative effect of BCM was reversed by the opiate receptor antagonist, neloxone. Our results suggest that BCM may affect the human mucosal immune system, possibly via the opiate receptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Modulation of human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte proliferation. Effect of bile acids and oxidized fatty acids.

Bile acids were been implicated in several pathologic processes, such as secretory diarrhea, carcinogenesis, and immunomodulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Nevertheless, their effect on the human gut immune system is not known. In this study we investigate the effect of several bile acids (cholate, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate) and 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid (conc. 0.1-1000, microM) on human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. In addition, the effect of these bile acids on LPL ornithine decarboxylase activity was also determined. Significant dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation in Con A-stimulated LPL was observed. Parallel inhibition was seen on LPL cell proliferation. Furthermore, bile acids inhibited ornithine decarboxylase activity in Con A-stimulated LPL. These effects on cell proliferation were not due to the LPL cytolysis as viability and cell membrane integrity were not altered. Our results suggest that bile acid has an immunoregulatory function on the human mucosal immune system and may have a role during pathological states.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Flavone acetic acid suppresses human peripheral blood lymphocyte and human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte DNA synthesis.

Flavone 8-acetic acid (FAA) is a new experimental antitumor drug with activity against various murine and human solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated that FAA suppressed the growth of a human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). In this study we investigated the effect of FAA on human peripheral blood (PBL) and human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) DNA synthesis. Our results show that FAA inhibited DNA synthesis in PBL and LPL in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, FAA inhibited the activity of the intracellular enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), in stimulated PBL and LPL. FAA did not inhibit phorbol ester (PDB) and calcium ionophor(ionomycin)-stimulated LPL DNA synthesis. These results suggest that FAA alters DNA synthesis of human peripheral and colonic mucosal lymphocytes. We postulate that FAA may affect the human peripheral and mucosal immune system.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Chronic pancreatitis with diffuse fibrosis in early childhood.

A 2-year old girl is described in which biliary obstruction was the initial presentation of chronic pancreatitis. A pancreatic biopsy done at laparotomy showed extensive fibrosis not explained by her short clinical course. Chronic pancreatitis with fibrosis in childhood is reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulins A and G2a in milks of protein- and calorie-restricted dams.

It is well accepted that breast-feeding enhances the ability of newborns and infants to be protected against infection. Maternal nutritional status may affect this passive immunological defense mechanism because of either the change in the volume of milk or the alteration of the immunological components secreted in the milk. Diet restriction in lactating dams has been shown to influence the secretion of immunoglobulin in their milk. We investigated the specific role of caloric or protein restriction on immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG2a secretion in the milk of lactating rats. Both calorie- and protein-restricted dams had lower protein levels (milligrams per milliliter) than did the controls during the initial days of lactation (P less than 0.05). The levels (milligrams per milligram of protein) of IgA and IgG were higher in the milk obtained from calorie-restricted dams during the whole lactation period. The amount of IgA in the milk of protein-restricted rats was higher during 21 days of lactation, while the amount of IgG2a was higher only during the first 2 weeks of the lactation period compared with the respective values for the milk from control dams (P less than 0.05). Rats on a protein-restricted diet had lower IgA and IgG2a levels in their milk than those on a calorie-restricted diet at the second half of the lactation period (P less than 0.05). Our data suggest that the diet-restricted dams had a compensatory mechanism to ensure passive immunological protection for their pups during lactation. The compensation was diminished with a protein-restricted diet compared with a calorie-restricted diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of congenital immune deficiencies with a thymic hormone--thymic humoral factor.

Five infants with congenital immune defects are presented. Three had various combined immune deficiencies (CID) and two had thymic deficiencies only. As bone marrow or thymus transplantations were not feasible in these patients, we attempted treatment with thymic humoral factor (THF), a thymic hormone, by daily i.m. injections during biweekly courses. In one CID patient, a partial improvement in immune indices and temporary clinical improvement were achieved. In the other two, THF did not arrest the patients' demise. The two patients with thymic dysplasia benefitted repeatedly from THF treatment, as exemplified by the disappearance of wasting, diarrhea and infections and by reconstitution of T cell parameters. Nevertheless, the patients relapsed after prolonged periods without THF administration. We therefore propose the administration of long-term, continuous or intermittent thymic hormone replacement therapy in infants with congenital thymic defects. Early diagnosis and immediate institution of treatment will probably improve prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Criteria map audit of scorpion envenomation in the Negev, Israel.

A criteria map audit is a medical record audit in which quality of care is evaluated according to algorithmically arranged criteria. Thus, a particular criterion is applied to the patient record only if other criteria have been met. For example, if a stung child's condition is severe but not life threatening and if he has had a positive skin test for antivenom sensitivity then he should receive antivenom only after receiving adrenaline and hydrocortisone. We used a modified criteria map audit to determine both the clinical picture of scorpion envenomation and quality of care process in 94 children. Related outcomes of care measured included mortality, persistent morbidity, allergic reaction to scorpion antivenom and length of stay in hospital. Scorpion stings in the Negev region are usually due to the yellow scorpion, L. quinquestriatus, and usually occur in the summer months on the extremities in exposed male children under 10. The clinical picture is more severe when the scorpion is yellow, when the child is younger and when the sting is on the trunk or head. Symptoms apparently mediated by the central nervous system (2.6 findings/child) were more frequent than parasympathetic symptoms (2.3 findings/child). Treatment with antivenom and specific therapy for complications led to very low persistent morbidity and mortality in symptomatic cases, but was also accompanied by a longer hospital stay (64% equal to or greater than 3 days) than for asymptomatic cases (18% equal to or greater than 3 days). Testing for antivenom sensitivity was omitted in an unacceptably high percentage of cases (69%) and its omission led to an allergic reaction in 4 out of 40 cases (10%). Inadequacy in treatment of 7 secondary clinical problems ranged from 71% for hypertension to 29% for seizures (mean 46%). Persistent morbidity was negligible and mortality was 1.2%. We conclude that criteria map audit can be used to describe the clinical and epidemiological picture of a clinical problem while at the same time providing an audit of the process of care.

Adolescent↗