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Biomedical subjects

Y Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Chiba.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[A case of primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma (author's transl)].

A primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma is reported in a 51-year-old female. She noticed progressive weakness of the left leg in September 1977 and underwent craniotomy for a brain tumor in Tokyo Metropolitan Okubo General Hospital. At the operation the tumor was located on the medial aspect of the right frontal lobe, being attached to the falx. The tumor was 6.0 x 5.0 x 4.0cm in size and subtotally removed. Shortly after operation, she developed a left-sided hemiplegia and was referred to our Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center. During rehabilitation she developed disturbance in recent memory, orientation and speaking. A second operation was done in June 1978, revealing obvious recurrence. A well demarcated extramedullary gray and soft tumor, 7.0 x 5.0 x 3.5cm in size, was found in the previously operated site, being attached to the falx. It was subtotally again. Following surgery her clinical condition was temporally improved. Four months following surgery, however, she developed signs of increased intracranial pressure and died in October 1978 in spite of having chemotherapy and irradiation. Autopsy was not permitted. The tumor was diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma with light and electron microscopies and several investigation revealed no primary lesion in elswhere except for the cranium. The histological documentation is also presented and discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

[An evaluation of fetal movement during non stress testing (author's transl)].

The measuring methods of fetal rolling movements, which are very important diagnostic informations at the case of Non Stress Test, are analysed. In normal pregnant women (from 29 to 40 gestational weeks), the observation of fetal head and trunk rolling movements by real-time B-scan, and maternal perception of fetal movements are simultaneously recorded in analog data recorder. Analysing these recorded data, we found that 76.7% of fetal rolling movements could be detected by observation of head rolling movements only, and 72.4% with trunk observation only. But maternal perception could find only 28.5% of fetal rolling movements. These results and analysis may suggest us that, if only one machine is available, the observation of fetal head rolling movements by real-time B-scan is the most effective method for the analysis if fetal rolling movements on NST.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Cerebellar neuroblastoma. A light and ultrastructural study.

A cerebellar tumor of a 4-month-old girl was examined by light and electron microscopy. The presence of numerous synaptic vesicles in many cell processes and the occasional synaptic devices warranted the diagnosis of neuroblastoma of the cerebellum. The nature of the tumor is discussed briefly.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Development and characteristics of the cellular immune response to infection with varicella-zoster virus.

Techniques for assay of in vitro lymphocyte transformation (LTF) were used with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) as the antigen to study the temporal characteristics of the VZV-specific cellular immune response in children with varicella and in normal subjects with a history of the illness. The LTF response in children with only vesicular eruptions was prompt, and individual peak activity was detected within one to two weeks after the onset of illness, followed by a gradual decrease of the activity to lower levels. Patients with a complication of meningoencephalitis showed a marked delay in the development of peak activity. No consistent defference in the development of complement-fixing antibody to VZV was observed in these patients with different clinical manifestations. The LTF response of normal subjects with remote clinical evidence of varicella was characterized by occasional high activity, a finding that suggests reinfection with VZV. These observations provide additional evidence that the specific cellular immune response is heavily involved in the pathogenesis of VZV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cytomegalovirus-specific lymphocyte transformations in subjects of different ages with primary immunodeficiency.

The role of specific cell-mediated immune responses in human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections was studied by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test, using a whole blood culture. CMV-induced in vitro lymphocyte proliferation was mainly dependent on the presence of sensitized T-cells. Three of five seronegative patients with B-cell deficiency showed positive lymphocyte responses to CMV antigen. In contrast, a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia who was shedding the virus in urine did not show a cellular response to either CMV or phytohemagglutinin. Age-related differences were found in the CMV lymphocyte transformation test. The responses were generally low (P less than 0.025) in infants and higher in older children and adults. CMV lymphocyte transformation responses were lower in 15 children who were excreting CMV in urine when tested than in 17 seropositive children who were not excreting the virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Virus excretion and neutralizing antibody response in saliva in human cytomegalovirus infection.

The local secretory immune mechanism in infants with cytomegalovirus infection was studied by a measurement of neutralizing antibody in saliva. Neutralizing antibodies were determined by the microculture plaque assay in 65 saliva specimens including 54 samples from cytomegalovirus-infected subjects and 11 from seronegative controls. In addition, cytomegalovirus isolation from saliva or urine or both and antibody determination in serum and saliva were simultaneously performed on seven infants with cytomegalovirus excretion over long periods. Results obtained were as follows. (i) Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 41 (76%) of 54 saliva specimens obtained from infected subjects but in none of the 11 seronegative controls. (ii) Neutralizing antibodies in saliva were of low titer but persistently detectable in all but one of the seven infants. No relationship was recognized between the cessation of virus excretion and the development of neutralizing antibodies in saliva. (iii) Virus-neutralizing activity was specifically found in the immunoglobulin A fraction of pooled saliva by diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response to mumps virus in humans.

Mumps-specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against virus-treated autologous lymphocytes was studied after peripheral blood lymphocytes of sensitized subjects had been incubated with ultraviolet light-inactivated virus antigen. Generation of the cytotoxic activity in vitro was associated with an antecedent lymphoproliferative response to mumps virus. The virus specificity of the effector cells was demonstrated by a lack of lysis of type 1 parainfluenza virus (HVJ)-treated as well as of type A influenza virus-treated autologous target cells. This activity was largely associated with E-rosette-forming T lymphocytes as revealed by negative selection of a population from cultured whole lymphocytes. In addition, sequential investigations for subjects with a natural mumps virus infection clearly demonstrated individual characteristics of the cytotoxic response. Therefore, the assay described could be used to reflect mumps virus-specific T-cell-mediated immunity in humans.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Seroconversion to virus-specific pre-early nuclear antigens in infants with primary cytomegalovirus infection.

Antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific antigens were determined in sera serially collected from 10 infants with primary CMV infection. Antibodies to pre-early nuclear antigens (PENA), which are detectable in human embryonic lung cells within 3 h of CMV infection by anticomplement immunofluorescence staining, developed in all the patients. However, in contrast to the early response of anti-early antigens (EA), anti-late antigens (LA), and immunoglobulin M antimembrane antigens (MA), seroconversion or the maximum antibody response to PENA was usually observed 1 or more months later. Immunoglobulin M antibody to MA became undetectable soon after recovery from illness, followed by a decrease in anti-EA, anti-PENA, and then anti-LA titers. Results indicated analogy of the clinical significance of anti-PENA in CMV infection to that of anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen in infectious mononucleosis and support the idea that parallel determinations of anti-PENA and IgM anti-MA antibodies can be useful for identifying the acute or chronic phase of primary CMV infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Thermosensitive determination of CSF shunt patency with a pair of small disc thermistors.

A simple method is presented for detecting the patency of ventriculoperitoneal shunts with a pair of small disc thermistors. In an experimental model, the equipment detected definite temperature changes along the shunt tube. The extent of the temperature difference was proportional to the flow velocities, ranging from 5 to 60 ml/hr (120 to 1440 ml/24 hrs). A clinical study consisted of 26 trials in 23 hydrocephalic children and 10 trials in nine adult patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Three of the 26 trials in the children were unsuccessful because of patient irritability and lack of cooperation. All trials for adult patients were successful. In all 25 patients, whose clinical pictures suggested functioning shunt, accurate confirmation of shunt patency was obtained. In six patients whose clinical pictures suggested questionable shunt function, this method revealed that all shunts were patent, and computerized tomography and follow-up clinical data supported this finding. In two patients whose clinical pictures suggested shunt malfunction, there was no indicator deflection, and shunt obstruction was proved at operation. This method is effective in checking shunt function, is simple, and may be repeated at frequent intervals.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1980

Humoral and cellular immune response to varicella-zoster virus in children inoculated with live attenuated varicella vaccine.

Twenty-seven hospitalized children without a history of varicella were vaccinated with 500 plaque forming units of live attenuated varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and followed for four to five weeks at weekly intervals for the development of virus-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and neutralizing (NT) antibody activity. These children had suffered from heterogeneous underlying diseases, such as acute leukemia, lymphoma, the nephrotic syndrome, and other chronic illnesses and were in various immunological states. Development of specific CMI, detected by lymphocyte transformation (LTF), was observed in 23 of the 27 children. The appearance of LTF activity in immunologically handicapped patients was delayed and/or rather suppressed compared with that of immunologically normal patients. An antibody response was detected in 26 of the 27 children. All of the vaccinated patients were protected effectively against a subsequent outbreak of varicella in the ward.

Adolescent↗