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Biomedical subjects

Y Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Chiba.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Changes in the umbilical venous blood flow of human fetus in labor.

In the present study, we intended to depict the changes occurring during labor in the fetal umbilical blood flow. Simultaneously, we also investigated the characteristics of the changes and their relation to the fetal heart rate patterns. In 15 human labors, the blood flow velocity in the intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein was recorded continuously by the pulsed Doppler ultrasound technique. At the same time, direct fetal ECG and uterine contraction were monitored. The umbilical venous blood flow during the uterine contraction was equal to or lower than that between the uterine contractions. The maximum umbilical blood flow was decreased by 50% or more at variable deceleration and reduction of the umbilical venous blood flow was followed by a decrease in heart rate. Otherwise at late deceleration, the umbilical venous blood flow reduction was not so marked and biphasic pulsation became evident following the heart rate decrease. The present study has revealed that the umbilical venous blood flow shows characteristic patterns at variable deceleration and late deceleration.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Cellular immune response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus and influence of breast-feeding on the response.

Virus-specific lymphocyte transformation (LTF) activity in vitro was examined in 78 infants with various forms of illness due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. In 73 subjects with lower respiratory tract disease, significant LTF activity was often detected within one week after onset of initial symptoms, and responses characteristic for each clinical form were observed in the subsequent rise. Thus, mean activity in subjects with tracheobronchitis increased gradually, with the maximum response being detected at the fourth week after the onset of illness. In subjects with pneumonia the response was rather low during the first week of illness, and then a sharp increase of activity was observed at the second week. Although patients with bronchiolitis elicited similar levels of the activity until the first week, the response was significantly suppressed during the subsequent two weeks. The response at the second week in this group was significantly lower than those of corresponding specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia (p less than 0.01) or tracheobronchitis (p less than 0.05), suggesting a close association of the responsiveness with underlying mechanisms of bronchiolitis induced by RSV. The present study further indicated a possibility that breast-feeding of RSV-infected infants may alter levels of the LTF activity in these subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rotavirus infection of young children in two districts of Kenya from 1982 to 1983 as analyzed by electrophoresis of genomic RNA.

Employing techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral RNA segments, we studied rotavirus strains and their relative contributions to rotavirus gastroenteritis epidemics in two major districts of Kenya. From early 1982 to the middle of 1983, 18 representative electropherotypes, including 6 short strains, were detected in 30 rotavirus specimens obtained from Nairobi, whereas 16, including 3 short strains, were detected in 70 virus specimens from coastal areas. With the exception of one strain, there were no identical electropherotypes between the two groups of rotaviruses obtained from these different districts. A change in predominant electropherotypes was observed in Mombasa in early 1983, and subsequently, newly occurring strains were detected in a small town along the coast when an apparent increase in gastroenteritis was observed in the district.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic evaluation of early detection of relapse in adult acute leukemia.

A criterion was established in a previous study to detect the relapse of adult acute leukemia in its early stage, i.e., when lymphocytes in peripheral blood increased over 45% of the leukocytes during the maintenance therapy, bone marrow puncture was immediately performed to examine the leukemic cells. By this criterion the relapse was detected earlier than by other criteria. To study the effect of early detection of the relapse in adult acute leukemia on the results, the second remission rate and the survival time were compared between the following groups. Group I consisted of 11 patients, whose relapse was determined by our criterion. Group II consisted of 8 patients whose relapse was determined by the appearance of leukemic cells in peripheral blood. The second remission was accomplished in 7 of 11 patients in Group I (64%) and in 1 of 8 in Group II (13%) (p less than 0.05). The mean (+/- S.D.) duration of complete remission in Group I was 9.7 +/- 7.8 months and not significantly longer than the value in Group II (5.3 +/- 3.9 months). The interval from relapse to death was 10.3 +/- 5.9 and 6.1 +/- 3.8 months in Groups I and II, respectively. The interval from relapse to death of 7 patients who accomplished the second remission in Group I was 12.5 +/- 5.5 months. This interval was significantly longer than in Group II (p less than 0.02). The mean survival time was 22.2 +/- 9.6 months in Group I and 13 +/- 2.5 months in Group II. The mean survival time of 7 patients accomplished the second remission in Group I was 26. 7 +/- 9.4 months which was significantly longer than in Group II (p less than 0.01). The results showed that our criterion to detect relapse in the early stage was effective for prolongation of the survival time in adult acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Immune response induced by live attenuated varicella vaccine and short term follow-up on immunity of the vaccinated children.

Live attenuated varicella vaccine (Oka strain, 500 to 750 PFU) was inoculated into 234 children with various underlying diseases. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) specific immune adherence hemagglutination antibody developed in 95% of initially seronegative subjects. VZV specific cellular immune responses were detected in 91% of subjects within 6 weeks after vaccination. A preliminary survey of 46 vaccinated normal-risk subjects during the first and the third year revealed excellent protection with the exception of one case who had not shown any antibody response at the fourth week.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Estimate of the calculation of the cardiac flux by the intra-aortic diastolic counterimpulse in cardiac patients and cardiac ischaemic dogs.

During the treatment of cardiacs with the diastolic counterimpulse, or during the diastolic counterimpulse experimentation among animals (6 dogs), we calculated the cardiac flux. At the clinic, by comparison with the cardiac flux obtained by the conventional method, the cardiac flux obtained by the intra-aortic differential pulse pressure contour method showed the correlation coefficient r = 0.83 through 20-time calculations (n) and the regression equation Y = 0.385X + 1.99. During the experimentation among animals, by comparison with the cardiac flux by means of the electromagnetic meter, this method showed the correlation coefficient r = 0.77, n = 21 and the regression equation Y = 0.586X + 0.579. If we note the coefficient between the cardiac flux at the abnormally - high value and the diastolic increase wave form, we found an inverse correlation. That is to say, the higher cardiac flux is parallel to the narrowness of the wave form. As shown above, this method would seem reliable, but it is most important to establish clearly the condition; and at the moment, for the cardiac flux of more than 7.0, it would be necessary to analyse the diastolic wave form. The study on the peripheral vessels and the venous system is quite important with the necessity of a knowledge on the differential pulse pressure contour method.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Management of fetal complete atrioventricular block.

Congenital atrioventricular block was diagnosed with B-mode and M-mode ultrasonography at the 30th week of gestation in a bradycardic fetus. Major anomalies were excluded and prenatal fetal well-being was monitored with daily B-mode and maternal perception of fetal movement to detect circulatory derangement at an early stage. Because of the sudden onset of circulatory failure, emergency Caesarean section was performed to save the otherwise normal fetus. Two days later, the infant developed ventricular fibrillation, for which surgical intervention was indicated. Pacemaking was effective in reestablishing the neonatal circulation.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Longitudinal studies of cytomegalovirus-specific cell-mediated immunity in congenitally infected infants.

Characteristics of specific cell-mediated immunity in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were studied by in vitro lymphocyte transformation test, using the whole blood culture technique. Subjects were 6 symptomatic congenitally infected infants, 11 asymptomatic congenitally infected infants, 3 postnatally infected infants, and 5 CMV-free infants. Among them, three symptomatics and seven asymptomatics were studied temporally, together with three postnatally infected infants and five controls. In the congenitally infected group, 18 of 47 (38%) specimens proved to be negative in terms of stimulation index values. Studies of temporal changes in CMV lymphocyte transformation tests revealed that in the postnatally infected group, the response turned positive in accordance with the appearance of CMV viruria and remained positive afterwards. In the congenitally infected group, the delay in development of positive reaction followed initial negativity, a phenomenon conspicuously observed in the symptomatic subjects. No significant difference was seen in phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation tests among congenital, postnatal, and control groups.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of Kay-Boyd's, DeVega's and Carpentier's annuloplasty in the management of functional tricuspid regurgitation.

In a total of 38 operative survivors who underwent tricuspid annuloplasty for functional tricuspid regurgitation, Kay-Boyd's, DeVega's and Carpentier's methods were compared using a newly developed radioisotope technique together with routine examinations. Carpentier's ring method was most effective for all grades and types of regurgitation. Kay-Boyd's method usually left some residual regurgitation and DeVega's semicircular annuloplasty had unpredictable results. Although the results of tricuspid annuloplasty are influenced by the quality of the repair of the primary lesion as well as the technique of tricuspid annuloplasty itself, we recommend Carpentier's method in the first place. However, further study is mandatory for a definite conclusion.

Child↗