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Biomedical subjects

Y Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Chiba.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Palatinose as a potential parenteral nutrient: its metabolic effects and fate after oral and intravenous administration to dogs.

Palatinose (6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) is a naturally occurring compound which may be valuable as both a sweetener and parenteral nutrient. Its advantage over maltose is that its hydrolysis generates both fructose and glucose. In the present study, conducted with a view to possible clinical use, its metabolic effects and fate after iv injection were investigated. Using dogs as the experimental model, it was found that the behavior of parenterally administered palatinose is in many respects similar to maltose and is likely to be clinically valuable. Importantly, hypertriglyceridemia, a side effect of fructose administration, did not occur, indicating that palatinose may be superior to the use of fructose alone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[A phase II study of epirubicin in malignant lymphoma].

A new anthracycline analog, epirubicin (4'-epi-Adriamycin) was evaluated at eleven institutes in a phase II clinical study in patients with malignant lymphoma. Epirubicin was administered intravenously mainly with using the following two regimens; 50 to 60 mg/m2 every three weeks and 40 mg/m2 weekly. A total of 46 cases were entered into the study and 41 cases were evaluable. Clinical responses, complete plus partial remissions, were observed in 27 cases (65.9%) with 8 of these showing complete remission. There was no significant difference of response between the two regimens. Response rates taking into account previous chemotherapy were 90.9% (10/11) in previously nontreated cases, 61.9% (8/13) in cases previously treated with non-anthracyclines and 52.9% (9/17) in cases treated with anthracyclines. The major adverse effect was bone marrow suppression; leukopenia was observed in 83.8%, anemia in 60.5% and thrombocytopenia in 15.4%. Other adverse effects frequently observed were anorexia (59.0%), nausea-vomiting (48.8%) and alopecia (55.6%). These adverse effects seemed milder than those produced by doxorubicin. The results indicated that epirubicin seemed to be a markedly useful drug against malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders].

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Controlling precocious puberty--surgical excision of hypothalamic hamartoma causing precocious puberty].

Among the causes of precocious puberty, hypothalamic hamartoma comprises a small percentage. However, the frequency of precocious puberty in the presence of hypothalamic hamartoma is quite high. Recently, results of surgery in 14 cases of hypothalamic hamartoma were reported. Precocious puberty completely subsided in three cases and slight improvement was achieved in another three cases. We performed surgery in four patients with hypothalamic hamartomas, with the goal of decreasing the symptoms of precocious puberty. The patients were two females (aged 1 yr, 3 mo and 6 mo) and two males (aged 3 yr, 7 mo and 1 yr, 9 mo). The main symptoms were precocious puberty and mental retardation of varying degrees. The males had excessive growth of body and external genitalia, while the females had genital bleeding and premature breast development. In each case, computed tomographic scans disclosed a round, isodense mass in the interpeduncular cistern, attached to the base of the hypothalamus. Contrast enhancement was negative. Endocrinologically, in case 1, testosterone was 92.6 ng/ml, FSH was 16 mIU/ml, and LH was 2.2 mIU/ml. Although LH was within normal limits, it overresponded to LH-RH stimulation. In case 2, estrogen was 13.5 ng/day, LH was 5.2 mIU/ml, FSH was 5.3 mIU/ml, and LH showed an exaggerated response to LH-RH stimulation. In case 3, testosterone was 362 ng/ml, LH was 8.8 mIU/ml, FSH was 4.8 mIU/ml, and LH showed an abnormally high response to LH-RH stimulation. In case 4, LH was 18.4 mIU/ml, FSH was 12.0 mIU/ml, and both hormones were stimulated abnormally strongly by LH-RH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Effects of substance P and substance P-(6-11) on hormone release from isolated perfused pancreas: their opposite actions on rat and canine islets.

The effects of substance P (SP) and SP-(6-11) (SP6-11) on hormone secretion from the isolated perfused pancreas were compared in rats and dogs under the same conditions. In the rat, SP inhibited insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner in a concentration range of 0.1-10 nM. Glucagon secretion was inhibited at a minimal dose of 10 nM SP. No significant effect on somatostatin secretion was obtained. SP6-11 exhibited the identical inhibitory potency as SP on both insulin and glucagon release from the rat pancreas. In the canine pancreas, by contrast, 1 and 10 nM SP and SP6-11, respectively, potentiated the release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Potentiation by SP6-11 was less than that by SP. These results demonstrate species differences in the effects of SP and SP6-11 on the release of pancreatic hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The distribution of corticotrophin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in various ovine tissues.

The presence of CRF in various ovine tissues has been quantified by a radioimmunoassay using an antibody raised against ovine CRF synthesized in vitro. Acetic acid extracts of ovine hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, pituitary and a number of visceral organs assayed in serial dilutions gave inhibition curves parallel to those of synthetic CRF. The highest concentration of CRF immunoreactivity (CRF-I) was found in the pituitary (84.6 +/- 8.77 ng/g wet weight) and the second highest in the hypothalamus (79.1 +/- 2.77 ng/g wet weight). CRF-I in the cerebral cortex and visceral organs (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, pancreas and liver) was about 60 and 30% of that in the hypothalamus, respectively. Chromatography of extracted CRF-I from these tissues on Bio-Gel P-10, equilibrated and eluted with 0.1 M acetic acid, revealed a single immunoreactive peak corresponding to synthetic ovine CRF. These findings indicate that CRF is generally distributed throughout ovine tissues including visceral organs, although its function remains to be clarified.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1985

Thermosensitive determination of obstructed sites in ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

A simple method is described for checking the patency of ventriculoperitoneal shunts by using a pair of small disc thermistors. With this technique, shunt patency is shown by a downward deflection of the recording trace, blockage of the ventricular catheter is indicated by a flat-line recording, and obstruction of the distal end of the abdominal catheter is demonstrated by an upward deflection. These observations were confirmed in a study of 32 hydrocephalic patients with obstructed shunts who subsequently underwent shuntography and operation. An experimental model was also devised to study the mechanism of the recording changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of HLA on the cellular immune response to varicella-zoster virus.

The effect of HLA on varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific lymphocyte transformation (LTF) was studied in 100 normal immune adults and 64 children who were immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine. In the normal adults, a statistically significant association was observed between low responsiveness and the presence of A2 (p less than 0.025), and also between high responsiveness and the presence of Aw24 (p less than 0.05). A similar but clearer association, i.e. low responsiveness with A2 (p less than 0.005) and high responsiveness with Aw24 (p less than 0.025), was observed in the vaccinated children. In these children, Aw31 was also found to be related to low responsiveness (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that the VZV-specific cellular immune response is in some way influenced by HLA.

Adult↗