Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aoki.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical results of osteochondral allografts in the treatment of osteochondral defects].

There have been very few clinical reports on osteochondral allograft in Japan. In the allograft we did for osteochondral defects of the knee, seven fresh grafts and four frozen grafts were used. In six of the seven fresh grafts, the surface presented macroscopically and/or arthroscopically the appearance of almost complete normality. From the histological study of the cartilage for biopsy which was obtained from the fresh graft at postoperative fifteen months, the cell viability, though decreased in the superficial layer, was fairly normal and profusely produced proteoglycan stained with safranin-O in both the middle and the deep layers. The cell viability, however, was decreased remarkably or disappeared in all three layers in the biopsy cartilage taken from the frozen graft at over one year postoperatively. The eight of the eleven knees treated with the osteochondral allograft have preserved the joint space on one foot standing radiogram and revealed good function clinically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Fast neutron radiotherapy at NIRS, indication and prospects].

Eleven hundred and seventy one patients, 921 previously untreated and 250 recurrent, have been treated with 30 MeV (d-Be) fast neutron beam between 1975 and 1984 at NIRS. Some trends have been identified: non-randomized results have been at least as good as those of photons in carcinomas such as: supraglottic carcinoma in the larynx, pancoast type tumor of the lung, malignant melanoma of the skin and so on. Randomized results with mixed beam studies for carcinoma of the uterine cervix have indicated no significant advantages against those of photons. Treatment technique for the beam concentration must be improved to demonstrate the merit of neutrons in the next step.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Amino acid sequence of derivatives of newborn rat epidermal thiol proteinase inhibitor.

Three different forms of thiol proteinase inhibitor (TPI) were isolated from newborn rat epidermis, in which two forms, TPI-1 and TPI-2, inhibited a proteinase activity, but another newly detected one (designated as TPI-3), showed no inhibitory effect. The complete amino acid sequence of TPI-2 and the sequence of the first seventeen residues from the NH2-terminus of TPI-3 were determined. The sequence shows that TPI-2 lacks in the first six (or four) residues from the NH2-terminus of intact inhibitor, TPI-1, whereas TPI-3 is devoid of its fifteen amino acid residues. These results indicate a high and specific susceptibility of TPI to proteolysis. Most significantly, the NH2-terminal region of TPI appears to be essential for inhibition of proteinase activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

[Study on the function of the sphincter of Oddi in patients with gallstone disease by dynamic hepatobiliary scintigraphy].

By using hepatobiliary scintigraphy, function of the sphincter of Oddi in 88 patients undergoing cholecystectomy with or without common bile duct exploration and T-tube drainage for gallstone disease was studied. These patients consisted of three groups; 57 patients with gallbladder stones (Group I), 25 with common duct stones migrated from the gallbladder (Group II) and 6 with primary common duct stones (Group III). Time-activity curves (T-A curve) obtained from the region of terminal end of the common bile duct were classified into 4 types which were different from each other. On the T-A curve, the rate of decrease (ROD, %) was defined as the difference between the count rate in the maximum and that at the 20 min after the maximum. The ROD in Group I was significantly greater than that in Group II or III (p less than 0.01). The ROD in Group II was also significantly greater than that in Group III (p less than 0.05). The increase of ROD in Group III after cholecystokinin-pancreozymin administration was less remarkable as compared with that in Group II. Thus, we conclude that the function of the sphincter of Oddi in these three groups may be different from each other.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1984

Medullasin activity in granulocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Medullasin activity in mature granulocytes was measured in the blood of 22 patients with multiple sclerosis (definite type, 16; probable type, 6). The activity was elevated in every patient in relapse; it decreased to nearly normal levels at the beginning of improvement and further decreased to normal levels with remission. Serial determinations of the level of medullasin activity in 3 patients revealed that activity increased several days before the onset of acute exacerbation. Medullasin activity level in mature granulocytes obtained from patients with neurological diseases other than multiple sclerosis was largely within the normal range, except in 2 patients with spinocerebellar degeneration. Measurement of medullasin activity in mature granulocytes may become useful in both diagnosis and evaluation of multiple sclerosis.

Endopeptidases↗
PubMed1984

Palliative surgery for unresectable carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, ampulla, and distal end of the common bile duct in Japan. A statistical review.

To elucidate the approximate present status of palliative surgery for unresectable carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, ampulla, and distal end of the common bile duct in Japan, surgical methods in 151 institutions were collected and analyzed. Biliary drainage alone was performed in 144 institutions (95 percent) and in 80 of them, cholecystectomy and choledochojejunostomy with a Roux-Y procedure was adopted. Gastric bypass with biliary drainage was routinely performed in 13 institutions (8.7 percent), whereas in 62 institution (41.3 percent), combined biliary and gastric drainage operations were performed as the primary procedures in selected cases. In over half the institutions, neither gastrectomy nor vagotomy was provided. Some means to alleviate the pain caused by tumor invasion were performed in about a third of the institutions (49), and about 80 percent of them added some manipulations of the celiac plexus.

Common Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

The effect of some ointment bases on the systemic absorption of tobramycin from various wound surfaces of burned patients.

Three kinds of 0.2 per cent tobramycin ointment were prepared with tobramycin and 3 ointment bases (cream, polyethylene glycol and hydrophilic petrolatum), and applied to the various wound surfaces of 5 burned patients. The systemic absorptions of tobramycin were compared with the values of the tentative AUC (area under the curve of tobramycin blood level, micrograms.h/ml.g) until 12 hours after the applications, by determining tobramycin level in blood. Similar values of AUC from the cream and polyethylene glycol ointments were obtained, while that of hydrophilic petrolatum ointment was very low. The systemic absorption of tobramycin from the polyethylene glycol ointment was studied when the ointment was applied to the wound surfaces of 7 patients with partial-thickness burn, 9 patients with full-thickness burn and 6 patients with burn ulcer. The mean values of the tentative AUC of patients with partial-thickness burn, full-thickness burn and burn ulcer were found to be 0.06, 0.03 and 0.15, respectively. These results showed that cream and polyethylene glycol bases should be used carefully as a vehicle of tobramycin ointments because of the rapid systemic absorption of tobramycin from human burn wounds, especially burn ulcer.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Accumulation of cadmium and induction of its binding protein in the digestive tract of fleshfly (Sarcophaga peregrina) larvae.

The larva of Sarcophaga peregrina ( fleshfly ) was fed with cadmium (Cd)-containing diet and the distribution of Cd among tissues was determined by separating each organ. Approximately 90% of Cd accumulated in the larva was found in the digestive tract, the fat body and the Malpighian tube being less effective tissues in its accumulation. Cd in the digestive tract was mostly bound to an inducible Cd-binding protein. The Cd-binding protein was a mixture of five isoproteins having several properties characteristic of metallothionein.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Excretion of cadmium and change in the relative ratio of iso-cadmium-binding proteins during metamorphosis of fleshfly (Sarcophaga peregrina).

Cadmium (Cd) was accumulated in the larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina (fleshfly) by exposure through diet, and the metabolic fate of the accumulated Cd during metamorphosis was examined. Most of the Cd accumulated in the larvae was retained in the pupae, and 53% of that was excreted from the adults immediately after emergence. The Cd-binding protein induced in the larvae was degraded after pupation and the relative ratio of iso-Cd-binding proteins re-induced in the adults was different from that in the larvae. Copper content in the larvae was significantly reduced by Cd administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of cadmium-feeding on tissue concentrations of elements in germ-free silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae and distribution of cadmium in the alimentary canal.

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae were reared on an artificial diet containing cadmium (Cd) at concentrations of 5 and 80 micrograms/g wet diet from hatching to the fourth instar and then for 5 days at the fifth instar, respectively. Concentrations of Cd and other elements in the alimentary canal, Malpighian tubes, silk gland, fat body and other organs were determined simultaneously by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Cd was accumulated in the alimentary canal and Malpighian tubes at concentrations of 1100 and 470 micrograms/g dry wt, respectively. The distribution of Cd in the supernatants of the two highly accumulated organs were determined on an SW column by high performance liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cd was primarily bound to inducible high molecular weight Cd-binding proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pure red cell aplasia: relationship between inhibitory activity of T cells to CFU-E and erythropoiesis.

T cell-mediated inhibition of autologous late erythroid colony formation was found in two patients with PRCA. Each patient was treated separately with immunosuppressive agents, ALG, bolus methylprednisolone or cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide was the most effective among these immunosuppressive therapies. Peripheral blood T cells, which were taken serially from the patients during the course of the disease, were cryopreserved until use. The inhibitory activity of T cells was assayed after remission using autologous bone marrow. It was found that the decrease of inhibitory activity was closely correlated with clinical improvement and that the effectiveness of the immunosuppressive therapy on inhibitory activities of T cells differed between therapies. These findings suggest that T cell-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis may be pathogenetic for PRCA in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Findings of myoepithelial cells in human breast cancer. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study by means of anti-myosin antibody.

Detailed light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical observations were made on the distribution and morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells in the 53 cases of breast cancer. In non-invasive carcinoma, myoepithelial cells in the normal duct were found to be remaining at the outer margin of the cancer nests, but neoplastic myoepithelial cells were not detected in the carcinoma tissue. In invasive carcinoma, a small number of fluorescence-weakly-positive cells could be observed in more than 50% of medullary-tubular carcinoma, in all cases of papillary-tubular carcinoma, and two of three cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. Almost all of these cells were ultrastructurally intermediate cells which have the morphological characteristics of both epithelial cell and myoepithelial cell. Fluorescence-positive cells were observed in all cases of scirrhous carcinoma. Moreover, these cells showed a stronger fluorescence than that of other types of carcinoma and were ultrastructurally more similar to normal myoepithelial cell. The tumor cells having myoepithelial characteristics in invasive carcinoma showed a stronger tendency for arranging at the margin of carcinoma nests in contact with the stroma. The results of the present study indicate that in invasive carcinoma of the breast, neoplastic myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated together with ductal epithelial cells and as to its histogenesis, there is a possibility that breast cancer develops from common stem cells which have the ability of differentiating into both epithelial and myoepithelial cell because of the presence of intermediate cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Bone marrow failure in dyskeratosis congenita.

We report a case of dyskeratosis congenita ( DCG ) with neutropenia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes (T cells) were proved to have a suppressive effect on the colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM). Splenectomy caused a transient increase of neutrophil count with the disappearance of the suppressive T cell activity. However, pancytopenia recurred without re-appearance of suppressive T cell activity.

Adolescent↗