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Biomedical subjects

Y Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aoki.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of chlorpromazine on transmigration of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in rat liver.

Cholestatic liver injury was experimentally induced in rats by administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ). The peak activity of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (AST) released in serum was found to precede the peak of total AST activity. The liver mitochondria obtained from rats treated with CPZ was fractionated into two subfractions: one containing the intermembrane space, and the other containing the matrix and the membranes. As a results, the relative activity of AST in the intermembrane space was significantly increased at 12 h after CPZ administration. This result suggests that mitochondrial AST, which is dominantly located in the mitochondrial matrix, transmigrated to the intermembrane space via the inner membrane under the effect of CPZ administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Maturation of autogenous tendon grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the human knee--an arthroscopic study.

Fifty-six arthroscopic observations on 53 knees at various intervals after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the autogenous quadriceps and patellar tendon were analyzed to clarify the morphological maturation process of the grafts in human patients. Arthroscopic observations of the grafts were divided into four types, except for one rerupture case. In type I, thick synovial tissue with abundant capillary blood vessels filled the intercondylar fossa. In type II, synovial tissue mass was decreased and ligamentous tissue showed through the thin synovial tissue. In type III, relatively thick synovial tissue with many folds and abundant capillary blood vessels enveloped thick ligamentous tissue. In type IV, thin synovial tissue with relatively few blood vessels enveloped thick ligamentous tissue. Correlation between these graded types and intervals after reconstruction was significant (chi-square test, p less than 0.001). These four types of arthroscopic findings are thought to represent four phases of the maturation process of autogenous grafts after ACL reconstruction in human patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effects of cadmium on rat ornithine carbamoyltransferase and urea synthesis in the rat liver parenchymal cells.

Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCTase) has been identified as a cadmium-binding protein in rat liver (Aoki et al., 1988), whose enzymatic activity is inhibited by cadmium and mercury ions. Cadmium is a competitive inhibitor of OCTase with respect to carbamoyl phosphate and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to ornithine. Data presented here show that in primary cultured rat liver parenchymal cells cadmium at concentrations of 7-20 microM inhibits urea production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation of intracavernous injection of papaverine for erectile impotence].

Forty milligrams papaverine HCl was intracavernously injected to 28 patients with erectile dysfunction for diagnosis and treatment in 14 cases in which it was injected a few times. We designed a brief manual method for measurement of penile hardness by artificial erection. Twenty of the patients corresponding to 71.4%, reacted, but only 16 (57.1%) had efficient erection for possibility of coitus. It was useful for the diagnosis of vascular dysfunction with dorsal penile arterial pulse sound examination in impotence. It was useful for the cases of small vascular impediment with preservation of nerve supply after the operation of intrapelvic malignancies, and self injection might be possible, but on the other hand, it had no effect for the patients of advanced age with vascular impediment and diabetes mellitus neuropathy, and with arteriosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme immunoassay of medullasin in peripheral blood.

An enzyme immunoassay method for the determination of the amount of medullasin, a serine protease in granulocytes, was developed. Beads coated with IgG obtained from immunized rabbits were incubated with medullasin, Fab'-peroxidase conjugate was added, and peroxidase activity bound to beads was measured by a fluorophotometer. The amount of medullasin determined by this method correlated well with the value calculated from the protease activity measured by the conventional method. The minimum detectable amount of medullasin was 300 pg. Granulocytes obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis in active phase and those from patients with Behçet's disease in relapse showed elevated levels of medullasin as compared with normal controls. However, the amount of medullasin in granulocytes obtained from patients in remission revealed normal values. These results indicate that elevated levels of medullasin activity in granulocytes of these diseases in relapse is due to an increased amount of medullasin in granulocytes and that the normalization of medullasin activity in remission is the result of the decrease of the amount of medullasin in granulocytes.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

A cadmium-binding protein in rat liver identified as ornithine carbamoyltransferase.

A cadmium-binding protein of Mr about 40,000 (40K Cd-BPa) was detected in rat liver by Western blotting [Aoki, Kunimoto, Shibata & Suzuki (1986) Anal. Biochem. 157, 117-122]. It was characterized and identified as ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) on the basis of coincidence of their physicochemical and enzymological features. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal and those of three tryptic digests in 40K Cd-BPa were identical with those of OCTase. The Mr values of the denatured and native forms of 40K Cd-BPa (39,000 and 110,000 respectively) were the same as those of OCTase. 40K Cd-BPa showed, as OCTase activity, a specific activity of 230 mumol/min per mg of protein and Km of 0.6 mM for ornithine, this value also being essentially the same as that for OCTase. A rabbit antibody against OCTase reacted with 40K Cd-BPa. The native form of 40K Cd-BPa bound to 0.8 molar equiv, of cadmium, with a dissociation constant of 7.6 x 10(-6) M.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Complex glycerol kinase deficiency: molecular-genetic, cytogenetic, and clinical studies of five Japanese patients.

Five male Japanese patients with complex glycerol kinase deficiency (CGKD) and their relatives were studied clinically, cytogenetically, and molecular-genetically. All patients had muscular dystrophy or muscle weakness, mental retardation, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, and glycerol kinase deficiency. High-resolution GTG-banded chromosomes showed a microdeletion in the Xp21 region in all four patients examined and in all five mothers. Southern hybridizations, after digestions by restriction endonucleases, with various cloned DNAs (D2, 99-6, B24, C7, L1-4, cDMD13-14, J66-HI, P20, J-Bir, ERT87-30, ERT87-15, ERT87-8, ERT87-1, XJ-1.1, 754, cx5.7, and OTC-1) that are located around Xp21 also showed a deletion in the genome of all patients and mothers. Although the deletion differed in size among patients, a segment commonly absent was located between the genomic sequences corresponding to L1-4 and cDMD13-14. This finding indicated that the gene coding for glycerol kinase (GK) is located within this segment. A comparison of the clinical manifestations of the present five patients and reported CGKD or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with DNA deletion suggests the existence of a certain gene responsible for gonadotropin deficiency (GTD). The result of the present study and results of previous studies suggest that genes for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), DMD, and GK and putative genes responsible for congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AHC) and GTD are arranged from telomere to centromere as pter--GTD--AHC--GK--DMD--OTC--cen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Proton spin-lattice relaxation time of Duchenne dystrophy skeletal muscle by magnetic resonance imaging.

By means of proton MRI, the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 values) of pelvic and leg muscles were measured in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and normal controls. The bound water fraction (BWF) was calculated from the T1 value obtained. In normal children, the T1 value decreased, and BWF increased with age. In DMD, the T1 value rapidly decreased, from an abnormally high value in the early stages, with the progress of the disease. This reduction of the T1 value in DMD was not the same for all muscles; it was most prominent in the gluteus maximus and least prominent in the sartorius and gracilis muscles. BWF was below normal in the early stages of DMD. It is suggested that both regenerating and degenerating muscle fibers, together with the increased muscle water content, cause the high T1 value and low BWF in the early stages of DMD, whereas replacement of muscle by fat causes the decreased T1 value in the advanced stages.

Child↗
PubMed1988

DEC-inhibited development of third-stage Brugia pahangi in vitro.

The effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on infective larvae and immature worms of Brugia pahangi was studied in vitro. The in vitro culture of larvae was done using the technique of Mak et al. (1983). In control cultures, most larvae remained alive for 14 days; over 50% survived until day 22 of cultivation. The addition of DEC did not affect the life span of the larvae. Among those which survived for 22 days in control cultures, 77.8% reached the fourth stage, their length being 2908.2 +/- 453.2 microns. When DEC was added to a final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, the percentage of larvae attaining the fourth stage was reduced (42.9%) and their growth retarded; the length of the fourth-stage larvae was 2548.4 +/- 414.0 microns. The addition of 1.0 mg/ml DEC completely arrested the growth and development of the larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Medullasin induces activated killer cells from human lymphocytes.

Treatment of human lymphocytes with a physiological amount of medullasin, a serine protease found in bone marrow cells, resulted in the induction of activated killer cells which can lyse both natural killer-sensitive and -resistant target cells. The optimum concentration of medullasin was 20 micrograms/ml when lymphocytes were treated with the protease at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Kinetic studies of the induction revealed that the maximum induction was achieved 24 hr after medullasin treatment.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

[Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid. Relation of isoelectric focusing protein patterns to clinical evaluation].

The purpose of this study was to determine the protein patterns in gingival crevicular fluid relation to the isoelectric focusing protein patterns of GCF and to clinical evaluations. GCF was collected with filter paper from 105 subjects. The probing depth, the gingival index (Löe & Silness) and the plaque index (Silness & Löe) as clinical evaluations The results follow: 1. The main isoelectric focusing protein patterns of GCF were between pH 5.5 and 7.5. In comparison, the GCF and the serum from the same patients showed patterns to similar serum albumin. 2. Between of GCF pH 5.5 and 7.5 the protein patterns that ranged over 60% was pI 5.65, 6.45, 6.55, 6.75 and 7.00. The frequencies of the ranges of protein patterns and clinical evaluation were compared by the X2 test. pI 5.65, 6.45, 6.55 and 6.75 and PD were significant different, as were pI 6.45, 6.55 and 6.75 and GI. But each pI and PIl. were not significantly different.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Effect of mass chemotherapy and piped water on numbers of Schistosoma haematobium and prevalence in Bulinus globosus in Kwale, Kenya.

From June 1982 to May 1986 in a small village in Kwale, Kenya, we studied seasonal fluctuations in populations of Bulinus globosus, prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection in this snail, and effects of chemotherapy and piped water supply on infection rate of snails. In the perennially-flowing Pemba River, relatively small numbers of snails were collected; they were found only during the hot dry season (December to March). In a tributary stream, the Kadingo River, whose flow ceased at the end of both the cool and hot dry seasons, snail numbers peaked at the end of the cool dry season (October to November) and at the beginning of the hot dry season (January). Large numbers of infected snails were found in the Kadingo River from November to January (short rainy season and beginning of dry season). Selective mass chemotherapy with metrifonate and provision of piped water were begun in February and March 1984. These control measures achieved a significant reduction in the infection rate of snails (P less than 0.001); the annual infection rate for the 2 years before treatment was 9.3% and 13.1%, and for the 2 years after treatment was 3.5% and 3.4%.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of metrifonate in a highly endemic area of urinary schistosomiasis in Kenya.

In a community in Kwale district, Kenya, selective mass chemotherapy with metrifonate caused a marked reduction in the intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection from 46.5 to 9.4 eggs/hr and a sharp fall in prevalence of gross hematuria from 18.3% to 5.1%, although overall prevalence was reduced only slightly from 67.4% to 54%. The effect of metrifonate on cure rate and reduction of infection intensity was limited by both age and pretreatment infection intensity. Rate of improvement from gross hematuria was similar in all ages and in all classes of intensity of infection. Two doses of metrifonate reduced the prevalence of gross hematuria as much as 3 doses did, while the effect of a single dose on morbidity remains to be clarified.

Age Factors↗