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Biomedical subjects

Y Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aoki.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of alcohol consumption on mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in rat liver.

The effects of long-term and short-term exposure of rats to ethanol on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in the liver mitochondria were investigated. The specific activities of mitochondrial high Km ALDH and low Km ALDH after the prolonged administration of ethanol were both increased to levels about 2.5 times that of the control group. In contrast, high Km and low Km ALDH showed maximum activity 12 h after administration of a single large dose of ethanol, increasing 21 and 4.4 times, respectively, over the level in the control group. When ethanol was administered for a long time, the two ALDH isoenzyme levels showed approximately the same increase, while the high Km ALDH level was more significantly increased than the low Km ALDH level after a single large dose. These results suggest that the high Km ALDH level of the outer membrane was increased as a result of a transient increase in the level of acetaldehyde around the liver mitochondria after a single large dose of ethanol, and that high Km ALDH plays an important role in acetaldehyde metabolism. However, when ethanol was administered for a long time, the mitochondria were exposed to low concentrations of acetaldehyde over a long time, leading to an increase in levels of low and high Km ALDH in the matrix.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

[Chemotherapy with Cisplatin-Phosphatidyl-choline-Lipiodol (CPL) suspension in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma].

Twenty-seven patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with Cisplatin-Phosphatidyl-choline-Lipiodol (CPL) suspension. PR was obtained in two of ten cases (20%) by one shot therapy. AFP decreased in 9 of 10 patients by one shot therapy with a 62.1% rate of decrease. In all of 13 patients by TAE, AFP decreased and the rate of decrease was 64.8%. The concentration of CDDP in the peripheral venous blood was lower and continued longer than that of CDDP on the market. Nausea, vomiting and fever were noted in most cases as adverse effects, but they were slight. These results suggest that CPL agents were very chemotherapeutic for unresectable HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1989

A case of carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy--MR images and CT findings.

In a patient with carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy with a fairly good prognosis, serial MR images demonstrated reversible abnormal signal intensity areas located in the cerebral white matter surrounding the lateral ventricles. These findings suggested that the edematous change together with demyelination of the white matter is important in the pathogenesis underlying carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical effect of combined chemotherapy with UFT, MMC and OK-432 in recurring or advanced cancer of the digestive organs].

The usefulness of UFTMO therapy (combined chemotherapy with UFT, MMC and OK-432) performed in 40 cases of recurring or advanced cancer of the digestive organs was investigated. According the response criteria by Koyama et al., of 40 eligible cases, the treatment was judged effective in 13, 2 CR and 11 PR cases with a response rate of 32.5%, while of the 35 complete cases, 2 CR and 9 PR cases made for 11 effective cases and a response rate of 31.4%. Side effects were observed in 58.3% of the 36 evaluated cases; of the subjective and objective side effects, however, none were serious enough to require cessation of administration, while stopping administration in the cases of abnormal laboratory findings resulted in rapid recovery. UFTMO therapy, therefore, is considered to be one of the beneficial treatments for recurring or advanced cancer of the digestive organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An autopsied case of an aged patient with advanced gastric cancer that showed a complete response to immunochemotherapy].

Described is the case of an 88-year-old male suffering from advanced hemorrhagic gastric cancer who, because of surgical risk factors, was conservatively treated with immuno-chemotherapy in the form of suppositories containing ftorafur (FT-207) and Picibanil (OK-432). The patient showed marked clinical improvement from this therapy. However, his advanced age and other associated complications kept us from performing further examinations, such as an upper-G-I series and a gastrofiberscopy. A year and 4-months later, the patients died of pneumonia and subsequently was autopsied. Macroscopically, his gastric tumor was found to have completely disappeared and had been replaced by a yellowish-white scar tissue. Microscopically, no cancer cells were found in the examined specimens or in the regional lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of limb-salvage procedures in malignant bone tumors--a study of 54 cases].

Recent advances in therapy such as local and systemic chemotherapy, wide resection, and aggressive thoracotomy improved the survival of the patients with malignant bone tumors. Since 1981, we have performed limb-salvage operations for 54 cases of malignant bone tumors of the extremities. In this study, we report the rate of local recurrence and the prognosis of the patients. We treated 37 osteosarcomas, 8 malignant fibrous histiocytomas of bone, 3 Ewing's sarcomas, 3 parosteal osteosarcomas, 2 chondrosarcomas, and one fibrosarcoma. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 65 years (mean, 18.5). The male/female ratio was 2:1. The surgical stage was 47 at II B and 7 at III. The follow-up period was 14 to 84 months (mean 36). They received preoperative chemotherapy including intraarterial infusion of Adriamycin, and postoperative chemotherapy for ten months. Local recurrence was detected in 2/54 (3.7%). Lung metastases (Stage II B) developed in 9/47 (19.1%). Five of them (10.7%) died of metastasis, one is alive with metastases, and 41 cases are now disease-free. Six of seven cases (Stage III) died of metastasis, despite aggressive chemotherapy and thoracotomies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of a cell line producing bone morphogenetic protein from a human osteosarcoma.

A human osteosarcoma cell line was established from a biopsy specimen from a 13-year-old girl. The osteosarcoma tissue was maintained in athymic nude mice (Balb C nu/nu) by serial transplantation for three years. The tumor was excised from a host mouse and digested with collagenase. The isolated cells were cultured by 98 passages in 14 months, and clones of osteosarcoma cells were obtained by limiting dilution. A clone named human osteosarcoma cell 6 (H-OS-6) that showed the osteoblastic phenotypes of productions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and alkaline phosphatase and a response to human parathyroid hormone (h-PTH 1-34) was selected. The morphology of its chromosomes indicated its human origin. This human osteosarcoma cell line is unique in producing BMP under in vitro conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Assessment of three-year survival cases with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated by arterial chemotherapy].

The survival rate was studied in 218 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in whom arterial chemotherapy was performed by one-shot injection of anticancer agents (one-shot therapy) was studied. Tumor factors and clinical features of 6 out of 218 cases with more than 3-year survival, were also studied. The following results were obtained; (1) One-year survival rate of the cases which were compatible with criteria for one-shot therapy in our department was 35.6%, and the three-year rate was 7.0%. On the other hand, one-year survival rate of the cases not compatible with same was 1.5%. The latter survival rate was worse than that for conservative care. (2) The longest survival time was 6 years and 5 months after one-shot therapy. (3) The tumor progression rate was above 40% in 4 out of 6 cases which survived more than 3 years, and tumor thrombus in the portal vein was noted in 3 cases. Clinical stage was I-II. (4) One-shot therapy was performed repeatedly after initial treatment in these 6 cases. In 3 of the 6 cases, TAE or percutaneous ethanol injection therapy was performed for recurrence or progression of HCC during observation. The results suggest that criteria for one-shot therapy and multidisciplinary treatment during observation are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Diethylcarbamazine: inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase of Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi.

Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was studied. Acethylcholinesterase (AchE) of adult worms of Dirofilaria immitis, those of the 4th-stage larvae, early 5th-stage larvae and adults worms of Brugia pahangi, and that of hamster brain tissue were all inhibited by DEC. Michaelis constant (Km) of D. immitis and B. pahangi adult worm AchE were 1.47 x 10(-4) and 1.81 x 10(-4) M respectively. DEC was a competitive inhibitor of the filarial AchE. Inhibition constant (Ki) for AchE of D. immitis and B. pahangi adult worms were 2.56 x 10(-4) and 6.39 x 10(-4) M, respectively. DEC is a less potent anticholinesterase inhibitor, because Ki of DEC is 10(4) times higher than that of eserine, a potent anti-cholinesterase agent.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

[A pancreatico-bronchial fistula with right hydropneumothorax].

A 39-year-old heavy drinker was admitted to Saga Medical School Hospital on February 21th, 1987. He had suffered from dyspnea, chest pain and lumbago three weeks prior to admission. His chest X-ray showed right hydropneumothorax and right lower lobe atelectasis and his CT scan showed a cystic lesion in the mediastinum. His laboratory data showed a high level of amylase in serum, urine and pleural effusion. A fistula connecting the pancreas to right pleural cavity was demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In addition, bronchoscopy showed complete obstruction of the right lower bronchus (B7). These bronchoscopic findings and hydropneumothorax on his chest X-ray suggested the leakage of pancreas juice through the pancreatico-pleural fistula injured the lung tissue directly and produced a bronchopleural fistula. In this case, hyperalimentation and drug therapy using protease inhibitor resulted in successful closure of the fistula and reexpansion of the collapsed lung.

Adult↗