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Biomedical subjects

Y Alarie

Publications and source records attributed to Y Alarie.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Antigens which detect IgE antibodies in workers sensitive to toluene diisocyanate.

Two antigens, both containing tolyl groups, were compared for ability to detect IgE antibodies in workers hypersensitive to toluene diisocyanate. One antigen, formed by reaction of p-tolyl isocyanate with human serum albumin, detected antibodies in each of ten hypersensitive workers. A second tolyl antigen, formed by reaction of p-toluoyl chloride and human serum albumin, and therefore lacking isocyanate linkages, detected antibodies in seven of the ten workers. In RAST assays, sera from toluene diisocyanate-sensitive workers demonstrated higher binding to human serum albumin-coated control discs than did sera from non-sensitive workers. The significance of this binding in calculating tolyl-reactive antibody titres is discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1979

Sister chromatid exchange in murine alveolar macrophages, regenerating liver and bone marrow cells--a simultaneous multicellular in vivo assay.

Differential labeling of sister chromatids was achieved simultaneously in murine alveolar macrophages, regenerating liver, and bone marrow cells of partially hepatectomized mice as well as in alveolar macrophages and bone marrow cells of nonhepatectomized mice. The mean frequency of SCE/cell +/-S.D. and the percentage of second division cells for each cell type were determined. No significant differences in mean frequencies of SCE/cell were observed among the cell types or between hepatectomized (alveolar macrophages--3.6+/-2.2, bone marrow--3.4+/-2.2; regenerating liver--3.6+/-2.4) and nonhepatectomized (alveolar macrophages--3.4+/-1.9; bone marrow--2.9+/-1.8). Although the percentage of second division cells was dependent upon cell type, no significant differences were apparent between hepatectomized (alveolar macrophages--57+/-8%; bone marrow--37+/-6%; regenerating liver--65+/-6%) and nonhepatectomized mice )alveolar macrophages--53+/-6%; bone marrow--36+/-4%). Comparisons between BrdU treated and nontreated nonhepatectomized mice revealed no significant alteration in mitotic yields.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A short-term test to predict acceptable levels of exposure to airborne sensory irritants.

An animal model has been developed using decrease in respiratory rate in mice as an index of sensory irritation. Concentration-response relationships were developed for 11 sensory irritants. The RD50, defined as the concentration associated with a 50% decrease in respiratory rate, has been shown to have a predictable relationship to sensory irritation in man. By extending the accepted toxicological principle that the ratio lethal/toxic/effective/ineffective/acceptable in diet is 10/1/10(-1)/10(-2)/10(-3) dosage units to air concentrations, exposure guidelines can be proposed for TLVs, STELs, etc.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1979

Development of methodologies to assess the relative hazards from thermal decomposition products of polymeric materials.

The physiological stress imposed upon mice due to the irritating properties of thermal decomposition products of polymeric materials was evaluated. Acute lethality and histopathological evaluation were included in the study. The rankings of the polymeric materials studied from most to least hazardous was concluded to be polytetrafluoroethylene greater than polyvinyl chloride greater than Douglas Fir and flexible polyurethane foam greater than fiber glass reinforced polyester greater than copper coated wire with mineral insulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Longitudinal study of tolyl-reactive IgE antibodies in workers hypersensitive to TDI.

Three workers with TDI hypersensitivity were evaluated for IgE antibodies to TDI over a period of 13 months. A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) system was employed using p-toly(mono)isocyanate-human serum albumin antigen covalently bound to cyanogen bromide-activated paper discs. IgE antibody titers were consistently elevated in two individuals who experienced several bronchial hypersensitivity responses to TDI during the study period. The responses were either solely asthmatic or asthmatic accompanied by cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. By contrast, antibody titers in a third subject who had not experienced any hyersensitivity reactions during the study period continually decreased, falling to insignificant levels after 12 months. In the absence of renewed TDI exposure, sensitive workers may have titers indistinguishable from those of workers exposed to TDI but without sensitivity to the chemical.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of sensory irritation from acrolein-formaldehyde mixtures.

Groups of mice were exposed to eleven combinations of acrolein-formaldehyde atmospheres and their respiratory rate was monitored. A mathematical model, previously derived for analysis of taste receptor stimulation, was applied to the data obtained for each of the above chemicals alone and in combination. The results obtained suggest that such a model adequately described sensory irritation due to these chemicals and indicates that competitive agonism exists between acrolein and formaldehyde when present together.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1977

Sensory irritation to formaldehyde and acrolein during single and repeated exposures in mice.

Mice were exposed to various concentrations of formaldehyde or acrolein. Concentration-response relationships were developed by measuring per cent decrease in respiratory rate, indicating upper respiratory tract sensory irritation. Relationships are presented between the concentration associated with a 50% respiratory decrease and TLVs. A summary of other animal inhalation studies is presented. The basis for the acrolein and formaldehyde TLVs are reviewed. Mice exposed for 4 days showed increasing sensitivity daily for both compounds. A re-evaluation of the TLVs is suggested.

Acrolein↗