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Biomedical subjects

X Wu

Publications and source records attributed to X Wu.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Repair of stricture of cervical esophagus with platysma myocutaneous flaps.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of repairing stricture of the cervical esophagus with platysma myocutaneous flaps. METHODS: Fifteen patients with stricture of the cervical esophagus were treated by repair with platysma myocutaneous flaps. The causes of stricture included anastomotic stenosis of the cervical esophagus after colon graft transplantation due to esophageal caustic injury (12 patients), anastomotic stenosis after stomach transposition due to resection of the upper esophageal cancer (2), and stricture caused by limited erosive injury of the cervical esophagus (1). The lengths of stricture were about 3.5-4.5 cm. The stricture was incised longitudinally. The platysma myocutaneous flaps about 4 cm-5 cm x 6 cm-7 cm were resected and were transposed to repair the stricture. RESULTS: All flaps survived and no death or serious complications occurred after operation. All patients gained normal functions in swallowing food. CONCLUSION: Repairing stricture of the cervical esophagus with platysma myocutaneous flaps is simple, safe and effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The relationship between the c-jun mRNA expression and apoptosis of neurons in rat brain following perinatal ischemic-hypoxia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between c-jun mRNA and apoptosis of neurons following perinatal ischemic-hypoxia. METHODS: We set up a fetal rat model of perinatal ischemic-hypoxia by ligating unilateral uterine horn vessel of pregnant Wistar rats (21-day gestation). The contralateral horn vessel was not ligated and the fetuses in these uteri served as controls. Rat pups were delivered by cesarean section at the end of ischemic hypoxic insult and then the rats' brain tissues were collected in different points of time. In situ hybridization and TUNEL methods were used to detect the c-jun mRNA expression and neural cells apoptosis separately. RESULTS: The expression of c-jun mRNA in brain tissues began at 15 minutes, reached the first peak at 1-2 hours after ischemic-hypoxic insult and reduced gradually after 4 hours and the second peak at 24th hour after insult, gradually disappeared till 72nd hour. There were very low c-jun mRNA expression of hippocampus in the control group 24 h after birth. Meanwhile, we observed that the apoptosis of neuronal cells in cerebral cortex was much more than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The increases of immediate early gene c-jun expression and the cell apoptosis could be induced by perinatal ischemic-hypoxia. The higher expression of c-jun mRNA might induce the transcription of its target gene, especially, so called "death related genes", which would be a promoter for cell apoptosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Surgical treatment of DeBakey type I aortic dissection using the "elephant trunk technique".

OBJECTIVES: To review the indications, operative methods and postoperative management of the "elephant trunk technique", and to report two cases of DeBakey type I aortic dissection treated with the "elephant trunk technique". METHODS: Two cases of DeBakey type I aortic dissection were operated with selective cerebral perfusion via the right subclavian artery. At the first stage, a tubular dangling aortic graft prosthesis ("elephant trunk") was inserted into the distal aorta while replacing the ascending aorta and aortic arch. The distal elephant trunk prosthesis was then used at the second stage involving the replacement of the sections of the distal aorta via a left-sided thoracotomy. RESULTS: The two operations were successful. Ultrafast computed tomograph (UFCT) showed that the two patients were cured after the first stage operation, and the second stage procedure could have been avoided. CONCLUSIONS: The "elephant trunk technique" is a multiple stage approach in the treatment of extensive aneurysmal diseases of the aorta. The procedure is indicated for patients who have combined diseases of both ascending aorta plus aortic arch segments and descending aortic aneurysm. It can also be used for patients with DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Some patients can be cured after the first stage operation.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1999

Rapid expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in early acute myocardial ischemia in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in different parts of heart during early acute myocardial ischemia. METHODS: The expression of VEGF in control and study group in rats was performed with the Strept Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (SABC) method. RESULTS: A rapid expression of VEGF in ischemic areas was observed 1 hour after the ligation of rat left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and in peri-ischemic and non-ischemic areas 3 hours after ischemia. The grade of expression of VEGF increased with the continuation of myocardial ischemia, the positive myocytes of SABC-VEGF staining mainly localized in peri-ischemic areas 5 hours after ischemia. No expression of VEGF in control group was found. CONCLUSION: The expression of VEGF may be up-regulated in rapid and continuous manner with characteristic spatial and temporal kinetic during early acute myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium (M). tuberculosis, to evaluate the value of the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB), the ribosomal siz protein (rpsL), 16Sr RNA (rrs), catalase-peroxidase gene (katG) genes, and inhA regulatory sequence as genetic markers for rifampin (RFP), streptomycin (SM), isoniazid (INH) resistance, and to develop new methods for detecting the drug resistance. METHOD: The rpoB, rpsL, rrs, katG genes, and inhA regulatory sequence in 85 M. tuberculosis isolates were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-single-stranded conformation polymorphism analyses (SSCP), PCR-nucleotide sequence analyses (NS) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: The sensitivity of amplifying the drug-resistant genes with PCR was 1-10 pg DNA. Twenty-eight drug-sensitive strains had no alterations in the rpoB, rpsL, rrs, katG genes, and inhA regulatory sequences. 93.3% of 45 M. tuberculosis RFP-resistant (RFPr) isolates had rpoB mutations. Codon 531 and 526 of the rpoB are the most common sites of nucleotide substitutions. 72.5% of 40 SM-resistant (SMr) isolates had an identical mutation at codon 43 of the rpsL gene. No isolates had a mutation at codon 88 of the rpsL. Only 7.5% of these SMr isolates had A-to-C transversions at position 513 of the rrs gene. Of 34 INH-resistant (INHr) isolates, 11.8% had complete katG deletions, 55.9% had mutations in the selected region of katG. Only 8.8% had alterations in the inhA regulatory sequences. 60.9% of RFPr, INHr, and SMr isolates had mutations in genetic markers for these drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Most drug resistance in M. tuberculosis was due to simple mutations occurring in chromosomally encoded genes. Alterations in rpoB, rpsL and katG gene may be the important mechanism of M. tuberculosis resistance to RFP, SM, and INH. PCR, PCR-SSCP, PCR-NS, and PCR-RFLP are going to become the simple, rapid and reliable diagnostic tests for drug resistance in M. tuberculosis.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Bolus administration of esmolol for preventing the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: a multicentre clinical study].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dose-response relation and the safety of esmolol administered as a single i.v. bolus prior to the induction of anesthesia for preventing the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. METHODS: 1,830 patients from 20 centres were randomly divided into three groups: E1 group, receiving esmolol at a dose of 1 mg/kg; E2 group, at 2 mg/kg and E0 group, receiving 0.9% NaCl. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic, and mean artery blood pressures (MAP) were measured following the induction and 1 to 10 minutes following the intubation. RESULTS: The patients in the E0 group had greater HR and MAP values after anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation than the patients in the E1 and E2 groups (P < 0.05-0.01). The E1 group had higher HR than the E2 group (P < 0.05-0.01). The incidence of tachycardia after intubation was higher in the E0 group (63.8%) than in the E1 group (34.7%) and the E2 group (22.6%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of hypotention and bradycardia was higher in the two treatment groups than the E0 group (P < 0.01), but no severe adverse event was observed. CONCLUSION: A 1-2 mg/kg bolus of esmolol is effective and safe for preventing the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. The clinical and side-effects are all dose-related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of WT1 antisense oligonucleotide on proliferation and apoptosis of human leukemia cells].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of WT1 antisense oligonucleotide on and the role of WT1 gene in proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. METHODS: K562, U937, HL-60 cell lines, leukemic blast from 8 acute myeloid leukemia patients and normal bone marrow cells from 8 healthy subjects were treated in vitro with WT1 antisense oligonucleotide (WT1 ASO) targeting to the translation site of WT1 mRNA. The inhibitory effect on growth of leukemia cells was measured by Trypan blue exclusion and colony-forming unit assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation assay. RESULTS: WT1 ASO significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells expressing WT1 and leukemic blast of 4 in 8 acute myeloid leukemia patients, but didn't inhibit the growth of U937 cells which had no WT1 expression and CFU-GM of normal marrow cells from 8 healthy subjects. Whereas WT1 sense oligonucleotide (WT1 SO) had no effect on the proliferation of K562 cells, U937 cells and the CFU-GM of normal marrow cells. WT1 ASO could induce apoptosis of K562 cells and the level of apoptosis was increased markedly when combined with Vp16; WT1 ASO alone couldn't induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells, but could increase the apoptosis when combined with Vp16. CONCLUSION: WT1 ASO specifically inhibit the growth of leukemic cells, induce apoptosis of K562 cells and increase the apoptosis susceptibility of leukemia cells to Vp16. WT1 plays an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of leukemic cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Therapeutic results of second-look laporatomy with extensive dissection of retroperitoneal lymph nodes in ovarian cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the results of extensive lymphadenectomy during second-look laparotomy in patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS: An total of 63 patients with ovarian malignancies received second-look laparotomy (SLL). Retroperitoneal lymph nodes, including para-aortic nodes below the level of left renal vein and pelvic nodes were extensively dissected. RESULTS: Of the 63 patients, residual tumor was found in 24 (38.1%) on SLL. The frequency of residual tumor was positively correlated with the clinical stage and with the amount of tumor left after initial debulking but not with the degree of differentiation of tumor cells. Lymph node metastasis was pathologically confirmed in 19 cases (30.2%), in which no residual tumor was found in 8 patients. Tumor recurred in only 4 of the 39 patients (10.3%) with negative SLL. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rate was 75.4% and 68.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is recommended during SLL. It favors a decrease in recurrence rate in ovarian cancer patients negative on SLL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of clinical value of technetium-99m(V) dimercaptosuccinic acid SPECT in diagnosis of parotid lump].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on classifying parotid lump as benign or malignant before treatment. METHODS: SPECT images of the parotid region were obtained in forty-five patients with parotid lump before surgery. We used technetium-99m(V) dimercaptosuccinic acid as imaging agent. The results were compared with their pathological diagnoses, clinical examination, and ultrasonography. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Tc-99m(V)-DMSA SPECT imaging in determining malignancy of parotid lump were 93.7%, 72.4%, 80.0%, respectively. The uptake ratios of parotid lesions were higher in malignant tumors than benign tumors, cysts, and inflammatory lumps (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that Tc-99m (V)-DMSA SPECT can be a useful aided method of preoperative diagnosis of parotid lumps. The uptake ratios can help increase the accuracy of diagnoses. For the benign tumors and inflammatory masses of parotid gland, the diagnoses had some false positives which may be reduced by combined clinical examination and ultrasonography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Observation on effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in treating patients with peripheral atherosclerosis obliterans].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) and its influence on plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO) and apoproteins. METHODS: Ninety patients of peripheral atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) were divided into three groups randomly and treated with Salvia injection (SI), prostaglandin E1(PGE1) and SI + PGE1 respectively. The clinical manifestation of patients was observed dynamically, plasma level of ET-1, NO and apoprotein were tested before and after treatment by radioimmunoassay, Griss method, immuno-transmission method and enzyme method. RESULTS: The cure rate of the SI, PGE1 and TCM-WM group was 26.67%, 33.33% and 46.67% respectively, the effective rate of them was 26.67%, 40.00% and 43.33% respectively. The therapeutic effect of the TCM-WM group was better than that of the SI and PGE1 group, P < 0.01. The plasma level of ET-1, NO and apoprotein was positively correlated with the stage altering of ASO, it was normalized gradually when ASO was alleviating effectively. CONCLUSION: The TCM-WM therapy has good clinical effect in treating ASO. To observe the change of ET-1, NO and apoprotein level before and after treatment dynamically is helpful to judge the severity, progress of disease and effect of treatment, and has high clinical significance.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Relationship between endothelins, nitric oxide and other endothelial active factors and blood stasis syndrome in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the levels of plasma endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and other endothelial active factors, and to investigate the nature of atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO)-blood stasis Syndrome (BSS) from the point of vascular endothelia and molecules. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with ASO-BSS were divided into 3 groups (mild, moderate and severe) and 3 clinical Syndrome subtypes (Qi stagnation BSS, Qi deficiency BSS and Damp-Heat BSS). The circulating endothelial count (CEC), ET, NO and other plasma active factors were determined by density gradient method, radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay method. RESULTS: The patients with ASO-BSS had high CEC and ET levels, low levels of NO, and had alterations of hemorheology, particularly in those with severe BSS and Damp-Heat BSS. CONCLUSION: ASO-BSS patients have endothelial injuries, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations of hemorheology, which may be the pathogenetic mechanism of ASO-BSS. Observation on these parameter changes will be helpful to evaluate severity, to distinguish the clinical types in TCM, and to clarify the nature of BSS.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A pathological study on pulmonary fibrosis caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the morphologic characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: 41 autopsy cases of COPD were chosen as the study group and other 10 autopsy cases died from non-respiratory diseases as control group. Histochemical stain and image quantitative analysis were used to identify the type of collagen. RESULTS: In 36 cases (88%) of study group, fibrosis proliferation could be seen in peri-bronchial area, especially in the bronchi under grade VI. Respiratory bronchiole and alveoli were also involved in 11 cases. The main component of collagen in fibrosis area was identified as type III collagen by sirius red stain, reticular fiber could also be seen by Gomori stain. The type III collagen in alveoli distributed interruptedly. Image quantitative analysis showed: the integral optical density (A) of type III collagen was much higher than that of type I collagen in peri-bronchial area (P < 0.01); Both A of type III and type I collagen in peri-bronchial area were higher than that in alveolar area (P < 0.01). Mucous purulent plugs, interrupted elastic fibers in bronchial wall and chronic inflammation accompanied with lymphocytes infiltration in fibrosis area could also be seen. CONCLUSIONS: COPD induced pulmonary fibrosis distributed mainly in peri-bronchial area, especially in the bronchi under grade VI. The main component of proliferative collagen was type III collagen. The genesis of pulmonary fibrosis might be associated with chronic inflammation accompanied with lymphocytes. Peri-bronchial fibrosis, interrupt of elastic fibers in bronchial wall caused the bronchial lumen narrowed or collapsed making both airway obstruction and ventilation insufficiency deteriorated.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Combined TIPSS with modified Sugiura operation for portal hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results of combined TIPSS with modified Sugiura operation for portal hypertension. METHODS: 24 patients with portal hypertension associated with variceal bleeding and ascites were treated with TIPSS and then modified Sugiura operation two weeks later. RESULTS: After combined TIPSS with modified Sugiura operation, variceal bleeding ceased and ascites subsided. The portal pressure significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and the portal blood flowed quickly (P < 0.01). The blood velocity of intrahepatic shunts was (132.64 +/- 41.42) cm/s. Direct portal venography showed that coronary vein had disappeared. No rebleeding was noted in varices and stenosis in intrahepatic shunts. CONCLUSIONS: Combined TIPSS with modified Sugiura operation not only can reduce portal pressure and improve portal circulation, but also completely interrupt coronary vein and maintain liver function.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The effects of n-3 fatty acid, fructose-1, 6-diphosphate and glutamine on mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis of small bowel graft after transplantation in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) and glutamine (GLN) on mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis of small bowel graft. METHODS: 196 inbred strain Wistar rats underwent heterotopic small bowel transplantation (SBT) as donors and recipients respectively. n-3FA, FDP and GLN were given via gastrolavage as well as venous infusion within total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution for 10 days before and after surgery. Flow cytometry and in situ cell death detection were used for analysing the changes of mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS: Fewer proliferation and more apoptosis took place in mucosal cells of small bowel graft after transplantation. A higher mucosal cell proliferative index and lower apoptotic index were found in all small bowel graft after supplying with n-3FA, FDP and GLN. CONCLUSIONS: n-3FA, FDP and GLN specific nutritional support significantly promoted mucosal cell proliferation, and on the other hand inhibited mucosal cell from undergoing apoptosis with different degrees. The effects of regulation help improve the structure and absorption function of transplanted small bowel.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Operative treatment of acetabular fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the level of the management of complicated acetabular fracture. METHODS: 56 acetabular fractures were treated operatively from March 1993 to May 1998. According to Letournel-Judet classification, 7 cases were posterior wall fracture, 6 posterior column fracture, 4 anterior column fracture, 6 transverse fracture, 6 T-shaped fracture, 10 posterior column combined posterior wall fracture, 6 transverse combined posterior wall fracture, 2 anterior combined posterior hemi-transverse fracture and 6 both column fracture. Kocher-Langebeck approach, illioinguinal approach, illiofemoral approach, extended illiofemoral approach and anterior combined posterior approach were adopted for different fractures with reconstruction plates and screws. RESULTS: 49 of 56 cases were followed up on an average of 26.4 months. According to Matta's evaluation, 19 cases (39%) showed excellent results, 24 (49%) good, 4 (8%) fair, and 2 (4%) poor. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was found in 4 cases (8%) and heterotopic ossification in 15 cases (30.6%). No death and infection were found in this series. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, accurate analysis of fractures preoperatively, reasonable surgical approaches and timing of surgery are essential to good treatment of acetabular fractures.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

[Preventive efficiency of IVIgG on nosocomial infection in the children with nephrotic syndrome].

In order to study the preventive efficiency of IVIgG on nosocomial infection(NI), 54 cases of the children with nephrotic syndrome(NS) were randomly divided into 2 groups, test group(n = 22) and control group(n = 32). Routine treatment was adopted to all cases. Besides the routine treatment, the test group was injected with IVIgG(100-300 mg.kg-1.d-1) for 2-3 days. The results showed that the NI rate of test group (13.6%) was significantly lower than that of the control(46.88%) (P < 0.05), and the hospital days of the test group(27.33 +/- 15.51) d was significantly shorter than that of the control(64.50 +/- 18.52) d (P < 0.05). These suggest that IVIgG, as one of the ways to prevent NI, can improve the immune state and effectively prevent the NI in the children with NS.

Adolescent↗