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Biomedical subjects

X Jing

Publications and source records attributed to X Jing.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Ontogeny of the vasopressin and oxytocin RNAs in the mouse hypothalamus.

The single-copy genes encoding the vasopressin and oxytocin prepropeptides are closely linked in mouse genome, being separated by an intergenic region of only 3 kbp. These genes are expressed in anatomically defined hypothalamic neurons--in the adult rodent, vasopressin is synthesised in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus, and in the dorsomedial region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whilst oxytocin is expressed in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the cell-specific and developmental expression patterns of the two transcription units within the vasopressin-oxytocin locus remain to be elucidated. As a first step in this process, we have used in situ hybridisation to study the expression of the RNAs encoded by the linked vasopressin and oxytocin genes during the development of the mouse hypothalamus. We have revealed a hierarchy of gene activation events, with vasopressin first being observed in presumptive supraoptic nucleus at day 13.5, and in the paraventricular at day 14.5. Oxytocin is seen first in the paraventricular at day 15.5; expression in the supraoptic nucleus is clearly seen at day 18.5. As early as day 15.5, the vasopressin and oxytocin RNAs are expressed in different groups of neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Somatic mutations in the RET protooncogene in Japanese and Chinese sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Despite advances in the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and 2B (multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, MEN 2B), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), the frequency and prognostic relevance of RET protooncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) remain controversial. To study somatic mutations in the RET protooncogene in Japanese and Chinese sporadic MTCs and to analyze comparatively the correlation between RET mutation and tumor differentiation, we investigated somatic mutations in the RET protooncogene in 20 Japanese and 20 Chinese sporadic MTCs by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Of the 40 sporadic MTCs, 13 had a point mutation in codon 918 of exon 16, a frequency of 32.5%. There was no significant difference in the frequency between Japanese and Chinese sporadic MTCs, as 30% of the Japanese and 35% of the Chinese sporadic MTCs contained this mutation. We did not observe any correlation between the presence or absence of codon 918 mutation and tumor differentiation in either Japanese or Chinese sporadic MTCs. Our findings indicate that the frequency of RET somatic mutations is similar in Japanese and Chinese sporadic MTCs, and the presence or absence of RET mutation does not correlate with the differentiation of sporadic MTCs.

Carcinoma, Medullary↗
PubMed1998

Overexpression of p53 protein correlates with a high risk of malignant transformation of adenomas in patients with multiple colorectal adenomas.

To assess the correlation of p53 oncoprotein expression with the high risk of developing carcinomas in patients with multiple colorectal adenomas, 25 cases with histologic carcinoma in adenoma (CIA) were examined by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody specific to human p53 protein (wild and mutant). The 25 cases were classified into multiple and single groups. The former contained 13 cases with synchronous multiple colorectal adenomas (one to six adenomas) and adenocarcinoma. The latter included 12 cases with single CIA only. This study revealed an overall incidence of 57.14% of p53 overexpression in carcinomatous lesions and 31.9% in adenomatous lesions, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The carcinomatous lesions showed a diffuse staining pattern, whereas the adenomatous lesions showed a focal pattern. A significant finding was that the incidence of p53 overexpression was significantly higher in multiple groups (81.25%) than in single groups (31.43%) in the carcinomatous (P < 0.01) rather than in the adenomatous (P < 0.05) lesions. There were no correlations between p53 overexpression and proliferation activity or carcinoembryonic antigen expression. The results indicate that p53 abnormality may be an important genetic factor responsible for the high risk of developing carcinomas in patients with multiple adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

Extensive intraductal component (EIC) and estrogen receptor (ER) status in breast cancer.

The extensive intraductal component (EIC) of primary breast carcinoma is a special spread pattern observed in the breast. Extensive intraductal component may extend diffusely over the entire breast. Therefore, EIC is considered to be an important risk factor for local recurrence in breast-conserving therapy. However, the pathogenesis of EIC remains uncertain. Whether or not the estrogen receptor (ER) has an influence on its biologic behavior has not been fully studied. A consecutive series of 142 breast carcinomas submitted to the pathology department were examined on step gross sections of 5.0 mm thick. Extensive intraductal component was determined and divided into three types. Estrogen receptor was examined using both immunohistochemistry (ER-IHC) and enzyme immunoassay (ER-EIA). Extensive intraductal component was found in 78 of 138 (56.52%) invasive carcinomas including invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component. Estrogen receptor-IHC positivity was 42.96% (61/142) in the invasive breast carcinoma. Estrogen receptor positivity showed no significant difference between EIC-positive and -negative cases, as well as between EIC and invasive main tumor in the EIC-positive cases. But within the EIC-positive group, ER positivity was found to be higher in the peripheral type of EIC-II and EIC-III than in the central type of EIC-I (P < 0.05). Although ER may not play an essential role in the pathogenesis of EIC, it has shown some significance in the development of peripheral type EIC because of its higher presence in the peripheral type of EIC-II and EIC-III than in the central type of EIC-I.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1998

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis: a unique feature of congestive vasculopathy associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A 34-year-old man with an 18-year history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy died of worsening right-sided heart failure. Central venous pressure was greatly increased to 25 cm H2O before death. Postmortem examination revealed features of severe congestive vasculopathy, including those of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in the lungs. Marked proliferation of capillaries was seen chiefly in alveolar septa and extending into pulmonary veins and arteries, causing severe luminal occlusion with recanalization. Diffusely distributed intra-alveolar edema and hemorrhage with collections of hemosiderin-laden macrophages were also seen, which suggested that the pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis was associated with longstanding chronic passive congestion of the lung. It is possible that severe pulmonary passive congestion may be one of the causes of development of idiopathic pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of abstinence syndromes precipitated by flumazenil and PK 11195 in female diazepam-dependent rats.

The abilities of the central (CBR) and the peripheral (PBR) benzodiazepine receptor antagonists, flumazenil (FLU) and PK 11195 (PK), to precipitate an abstinence syndrome in diazepam (DZ)-dependent rats have been evaluated. Female rats were exposed for 5 weeks to DZ slowly released from SC implanted silastic capsules (90 mg/capsule per week) and thereafter they were challenged in weekly intervals with IV injections of FLU (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) or PK (5, 10, 20 mg/kg), respectively. The maximum abstinence scores tended to increase with the dose of FLU but not with the dose of PK. Although FLU and PK precipitated some common abstinence signs, there were marked differences between these antagonists. FLU evoked dose-related tonic-clonic and clonic convulsions (five out of six rats), whereas PK (10 mg/kg) induced convulsions in only one rat (out of five); tachypnea tended to increase with the dose of both FLU and PK; twitches and jerks, backing and writhing had a significant regression on the dose of FLU; rearing tended to decrease with the dose of PK whereas FLU-evoked head bobbing and PK-evoked twitches and jerks had inverse U-shaped dose-response curves. In comparison to FLU, similar doses of PK (10 and 20 mg/kg) induced a lower precipitated abstinence score (P < 0.05) and a less intense tachypnea (P < 0.05). The data indicate that the chronic continuous exposure to DZ (and/or its active metabolites) affects both CBR and PBR in the rat; however, the abstinence syndromes produced by the CBR and PBR antagonists, FLU and PK, differ in overall intensities and in the diversity of evoked abstinence signs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Dorsal raphe and substantia nigra response to flumazenil in diazepam-dependent rats.

Flumazenil (FLU; 25 micrograms) and DMSO-vehicle were focally injected (1 microliter) into the substantia nigra (SN) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) in rats chronically implanted with silastic capsules containing diazepam (DZ; 540 mg/week). FLU precipitated an abstinence syndrome in the SN as indicated by a significant abstinence score, several abstinence signs and reduced total power of the fast frequency bands of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in the injections sites frontal cortex, (FC) and hippocampus (H). In contrast, FLU did not produce an abstinence syndrome in the DR, and its effect on the power of the EEG in DR, FC and H was not significantly different from that of the DMSO-vehicle. The data show regional heterogeneity in the response of the SN and the DR to chronic DZ treatment in terms of a focally precipitated abstinence syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma.

Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) was considered to be one of the virus-associated neoplasms. However, the precise mechanism of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncogenesis for GCLS remains unclear. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) methods to detect the presence of EBV DNA in 14 cases of gastric carcinoma, including 8 cases of GCLS. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected by both PCR and ISH in 3 of the 8 GCLS cases (37.5%) and was negative in the other 6 cases of non-GCLS. In situ DNA hybridization showed that the EBV DNA was in the carcinoma cells in all cases that were positive by PCR. Among the positive cases, one early gastric carcinoma showed that EBV DNA was not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the normal epithelium. This study provides the interpretation of the finding of EBV DNA in nonneoplastic gastric epithelium. Some genetic changes may be initiated in the EBV-infected nonneoplastic cells, which would lead to oncogenesis.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1997

Synchronous and metachronous multicentric squamous cell carcinomas in the upper aerodigestive tract.

A rare case is presented of a 57-year-old Japanese male with synchronous and metachronous multicentric squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in the upper aerodigestive tract. During a 9-year-period from the appearance of first primary SCC to autopsy, 14 foci of primary SCC and one severe dysplasia developed in succession in the thoracic esophagus, oral floor, soft palate, uvula, lingual radix, piriform recess, hypopharynx, cervical esophagus, trachea and lingual body. The patient died of severe bronchopneumonia due to Gram-negative bacterial infection that developed as a result of recurrent nerve paralysis. Human papilloma virus and Epstein-Barr virus, which are risk factors, were not detected by immunohistochemistry or by the polymerase chain reaction method. Genetic analysis revealed the absence of point mutations in K-ras codon 12. Heavy consumption of alcohol and excessive smoking may have been responsible for the multicentric carcinogenesis. This is the first case report in the literature of the development of so many primary SCC lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract during such a short period.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1997

[Technological study on the supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction of Curcuma longa oils].

This paper first reports technological study on the extraction of Curcuma longa oils by supercritical-CO2 fluid, mainly studies the influence of pressure, temperature, flow rate of CO2 and time on the yield of the oils, determines optimum technology of extracting the oils, analyzes chemical constituents extracted, compares the oils from SFE-CO2 and SD technology, studies industrial test on the SF-CO2 extraction. The results shows pressure and temperature are more important factors of influence; the optimum technological condition is the extracted pressure 25 MPa and temperature 45 degrees C, isolated pressure I 12.5 MPa and temperature I 60 degrees C, isolated pressure II 6MPa and temperature II 38 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 9 Kg/Kg.h, and extracted time 2 h; the constituents from SFE-CO2 and SD methods are identical, but their content has some difference; SFE-CO2 technology is better than that of SD, which is high yield shorter time, etc.; the industrial production of the oils with SFE-CO2 method is available.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1996

Intrathecally administered flumazenil and PK 11195 precipitate abstinence syndrome in freely moving diazepam dependent rats.

The central and peripheral benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor antagonists, flumazenil (FLU) and PK 11195 (PK), administered intrathecally (IT) to diazepam (DZ)-dependent rats produced a precipitated abstinence syndrome. The scores for abstinence increased with increasing dose of FLU but not with increasing dose of PK. Twitches and jerks increased with increased doses of both. Head and body tremors were produced by FLU, but not by PK. Neither FLU nor PK precipitated abstinence in controls. In DZ-dependent rats IT administered FLU and PK did not significantly change the spectral content and the total power of the EEG. The data indicate that an abstinence syndrome is precipitated at the spinal level in DZ-dependent rats and that both central and peripheral BZ receptors are involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The progress of morphological research on the parabrachial nucleus].

In this paper, the progress of morphological research on the PBN, the cytoarchitecture of the PBN, and the fiber connections between the PBN and the spinal, the brainstem, the forebrain and the other nucleus were summarized. Its function in the relationship between the meridian and the internal organ was also assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Flunitrazepam and nordiazepam slowly released from silastic capsules induce physical dependence in rat.

The rates of in vitro release of flunitrazepam (FN), nordiazepam (ND) and diazepam (DZ) from silastic capsules were compared and found to be in the following order: DZ > FN > ND. Rats that were implanted subcutaneously with capsules filled with FN or ND for 5 to 7 weeks before administering flumazenil (FLU) (40 mg/kg, i.v.) showed precipitated abstinence as measured by the Precipitated Abstinence Score (PAS) which included a rapid onset of clonic and tonic-clonic convulsions. Rats implanted with DZ also demonstrated significant PAS and seizures. Implantation of similar doses of DZ, FN and ND resulted in different plasma levels of parent benzodiazepines and their metabolites that corresponded with their in vitro release: DZ > FN > ND. These data indicate that, as for DZ, the capsule implantation is an effective method of producing physical dependence on FN and ND in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A study on the optimal regimen of mifepristone with prostaglandin for termination of early pregnancy].

One thousand and thirty-five women in early pregnancy (< or = 49 days), who requested medical abortion were randomly allocated into 8 groups. Mifepristone and 15-methyt-PGF2 alpha vaginal suppository (PG05) and misoprostol oral (tablets) were given as the following 8 regimens: group 1 (n = 195): a single dose of mifepristone 200 mg + PG05 1 mg on the 3rd or 4th day; group 2 (n = 249): mifepristone 25 mg b.i.d. (total amount of 150mg) + PG05 1mg on the 3rd or 4th day; group 3 (n = 67): mifepristone 25 mg b.i.d. (total amount of 125mg) + PG05 1mg in the morning of the 3rd day; group 4 (n = 108): a single dose of mifepristone 200mg + misoprostol 600 micrograms on the 3rd day; group 5 (n = 199): a single dose of mifepristone 150mg + misoprostol 600 micrograms on the 3rd day; group 6 (n = 60): mifepristone 50 mg was given immediately, then 25 mg b.i.d. (total amount of 150mg + misoprostol 600 micrograms; group 7 (n = 123): mifepristone 50 mg in the morning and 25mg in the evening for two days (total amount of 150 mg) + misoprostol 600 micrograms; group 8 (n = 34): mifepristone 25 mg b.i.d. (total amount of 125mg) + misoprostol 400 micrograms. As a result, the complete abortion rate of each group was 92.8%, 95.2%, 92.5%, 93.5%, 87.4%, 98.4%, 92.7% and 94.1% successively. The rate of group 5 was significantly lower than that of group 2 and 6 (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1995

[Protein analysis of 6 crude drugs and their processed products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique].

In this paper, the proteins in 6 crude drugs (Prunus persica; P. armeniaca; Dolichos lablab; Strychnos nux-vomica; Mylabris phalerata; Whitmania pigra) and their processed products were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique, and the effect of different processing methods on the quantity and kind of protein was explored. Protein electrophorograms of 20 samples are drawn.

Animals↗