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Biomedical subjects

W Ziegler

Publications and source records attributed to W Ziegler.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Dysarthrophonia of Parkinson syndrome].

Disorders of speech are a common and sometimes even the first symptom of parkinsonism. The various features of parkinsonian speech disorder include repetitive phenomena, disturbances of respiration, dysphonia, and impairment of articulation. This review aims at summarizing the neurological, phoniatric, and phonetical data regarding symptomatology, pathophysiology, and therapy of parkinsonian dysarthrophonia.

Dysarthria↗
PubMed1989

[Speech apraxia--an apraxic disorder?].

This article presents arguments supporting the view that apraxia of speech is an apraxic disorder. In a first part the most salient clinical signs of the syndrome are reviewed. Among these, the symptom of inconsistent distortions and categorical aberrations of speech sounds is emphasized for its relevance in differentiating apraxia of speech from the dysarththrias on the one hand and from aphasic phonological disturbances on the other. In a second part, the diagnostic criteria of apraxia of speech are compared to those of oral (nonverbal) apraxia. In this comparison, a full correspondence between the two syndromes can be stated. Finally we discuss the principal arguments that have been raised against the concept of verbal apraxia.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1989

[Surgery of retroperitoneal pheochromocytoma].

Retroperitoneal pheochromocytomas are very uncommon tumors. During the last 10 years only 3 cases have been operated on in our clinic. Two of them were primary retroperitoneal paragangliomas. These two patients are now well and without recurrence 1 and 10 years respectively after operation. The third patient had retroperitoneal metastases of an adrenal pheochromocytoma. Now, after 1 year he has disseminated metastases without response to therapy with (131I)metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). The surgical procedure includes often extended resection and replacement of retroperitoneal blood vessels and requires therefore an experienced surgical team and optimal anesthetic management (Swan-Ganz-katheter). In two cases the aorta was resected and replaced with a Dacron-graft. Reimplantation of both renal arteries into the graft was necessary in one case. Further interventions were: nephrectomy (2x), resection and ligation of the inferior vena cava (1x), resection and replacement of the left renal vein (1x).

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

The effect of combined treatment of HeLa cells with cisplatin and irradiation upon survival and recovery from radiation damage.

Combined treatment of HeLa cells with cisplatin and irradiation under aerobic conditions leads to no interaction between the two treatment modalities, either when they are given simultaneously or when cisplatin treatment is followed by irradiation. Simultaneous treatment with cisplatin and irradiation under hypoxic conditions leads to radiosensitization of HeLa cells by cisplatin. This sensitization was independent from the surviving fraction with cisplatin only, the dose modifying factor being approximately 1.2. Pretreatment or post-treatment with cisplatin does not influence the recovery from sublethal radiation damage.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1987

The effect of combined treatment of HeLa cells with actinomycin D and radiation upon survival and recovery from radiation damage.

The presence of actinomycin D during irradiation of HeLa cells leads to radiosensitization under aerobic but not under hypoxic conditions. Depending on the time interval between incubation with the drug and irradiation, pre- or post-treatment with actinomycin D also increases the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells irradiation in air. Pretreatment with actinomycin D does not inhibit recovery from potentially lethal radiation damage. In split-dose experiments, recovery from sublethal radiation damage was not impaired by the drug if present during the entire fractionation interval or if it was given as a short exposure after the first radiation dose.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular effects of verapamil in essential hypertension.

Calcium antagonists may affect the regulation of body sodium and adrenergic-dependent mechanisms. Exchangeable sodium, blood volume, plasma norepinephrine, renin, aldosterone, pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine, heart rate responses to isoproterenol, and lipid metabolism were studied in 15 patients with essential hypertension after 8 weeks of treatment with verapamil (348 +/- 68 (SD) mg/day). Supine blood pressure decreased from 153/103 +/- 19/12 mm Hg to 140/95 +/- 14/12 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). Exchangeable sodium, blood volume, plasma norepinephrine, renin and aldosterone, serum total cholesterol, the lipoprotein fractions, and apoprotein levels were unchanged. The norepinephrine pressor and the isoproterenol chronotropic doses tended to increase, whereas the dose-response curve of blood pressure related to plasma norepinephrine was significantly displaced to the right (F = 5.34; P less than 0.05). The antihypertensive effect of verapamil is associated with a decreased cardiovascular pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine without changes in endogenous noradrenergic activity. Moreover, verapamil does not modify the sodium/fluid volume state, the activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis, or lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The effect of actinomycin D on the survival and recoverability of irradiated human melanoma cells].

The presence of actinomycin D during gamma-irradiation of human melanoma cells leads to an increased radiosensitivity under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. This interaction of both treatment modalities depends upon the drug dose. Incubation of cells prior or after irradiation with essentially non-cytotoxic amounts of actinomycin D under normal conditions has only little effect on the shape of the radiation dose-response-curve, irrespectively of the time interval between drug treatment and irradiation. However, high doses of actinomycin D given immediately after irradiation increase the radiosensitivity of human cells. The drug does not effect recovery from sublethal or potentially lethal radiation damage.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

[Central laryngeal motor disorders following severe, closed craniocerebral trauma and in cerebrovascular diseases].

111 patients with voice disturbances after severe closed head trauma or cerebro-vascular accident were examined laryngologically. They presented no signs of peripheral nerve involvement. Their main symptoms of central motor dysfunction of the larynx were a reduced motility of the abductors and adductors, a shortening and thickening of the vocal folds, reduced fine control of vocal fold stiffness, and the presence of involuntary laryngeal movements. The frequency of these observations as well as their temporal relation to the onset of the disorder are reported. Possible pathophysiological substrates of the observed laryngeal signs and their effects on voice quality are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the differentiation between central and peripheral motor signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of actinomycin D on the survival and recovery capacity of irradiated connective tissue cells in the Chinese hamster].

Simultaneous treatment of Chinese hamster fibroblasts with Actinomycin D and gamma rays under normal aerobic conditions leads to radiosensitization. In contrast to Actinomycin D pretreatment, modification to the effect of radiation is drug dose dependent in the case of post-treatment. No effect of Actinomycin D upon the shape of the radiation cell survival curve is seen under hypoxic conditions. Recovery from radiation damage in split dose experiments is not influenced by the drug.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1986

Timing deficits in apraxia of speech.

This paper deals with a particular aspect of speech motor control in patients suffering from apraxia of speech. Three experiments are reported concerning the phase relations between individual speech gestures. These include the timing of laryngeal, velar and labial movements relative to lingual gestures. A total of 8 patients and 12 normal controls were examined using speech material which was designed according to appropriate phonetic paradigms. Evaluation was performed on the basis of speech signal parameters referring to the kinematics of inter-articulatory phasing. Deviations of the patient group were found in all three experiments. This suggests that disturbed phase relations of individual speech movements are a general feature of apraxic speech. It is further hypothesized that the described motor symptoms are the origin of a variety of phonemic errors. Support for this view is provided by appropriate examples which refer to the examined paradigms. By this argument, much of the disturbed phonemic structure of apraxic speech may be accounted for by timing deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Disturbed coarticulation in apraxia of speech: acoustic evidence.

The results of a recent perceptual study (W. Ziegler & D. von Cramon, 1985, Anticipatory coarticulation in a patient with apraxia of speech. Brain and Language 26, 117-130) provided evidence for disturbed coarticulation in verbal apraxia. Further support for this finding is now provided by acoustic analyses. Formant frequencies and LP reflection coefficients were chosen to assess anticipatory vowel-to-vowel coarticulation and vowel anticipation in stop consonants, respectively. These parameters revealed a lack of coarticulatory cohesion in the speech of a patient suffering from verbal apraxia, explainable by a consistent delay in the initiation of anticipatory vowel gestures. The findings are discussed with respect to prosodic features and to theoretical and clinical concepts of verbal apraxia.

Adult↗